高考英语一轮复习课时作业二必修1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld课件新人教版

二必修1

Unit2

Englisharoundtheworld(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A

Takingashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasong,daydreamorthinkaboutnothing,leavingtherealworldbehindyou.Butdidyouknowthatshoweringcanalsobenefityourmind?ResearchbyScottBarryKaufman,apsychologistfromYaleUniversityinterviewedover3,000peoplearoundtheworld.Itturnedoutthatnearlytwo-thirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyhadexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.

Sowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpower?Sciencecanexplainit.

Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine(多巴胺),ahormonecloselyrelatedtoourcreativity.“Peoplevaryintermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine,”explainedAliceFlaherty,afamousAmericanneuroscientist.“Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbring’Aha!’momenttous.”

Besidesthechemicalchanges,showeringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufeelyouhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthardalldayaboutaproblem,jumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.

Comparedwithsittinginfrontofacomputer,takingashowerissomethingwedolessfrequentlyinourdailylife.Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocation,temperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking,”explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewpointofview.”

Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourminds,butitneedn’tjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration.Forinstance,GertrudeStein,afemaleAmericanwriterandpoet,gotnewideasbydrivingaroundafarmandstoppingatdifferentcowsuntilshefoundtheonethatmostinspiredher.Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。洗澡可以让人转移注意力并激发灵感,但灵感产生的方式并不唯一,人们要善于找到适合自己的激发灵感的方式。1.Accordingtothearticle,whatchangescanshoweringcause?A.Bringingtheterriblemomenttous.B.Settingthecreativepartofthebrainfree.C.Leadingtoboredomortiredness.D.Increasingthelevelofdopamine.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine,ahormonecloselyrelatedtoourcreativity.“洗澡可以帮助提高我们的多巴胺水平,多巴胺是一种与我们的创造力密切相关的激素。”可知洗澡可以提高多巴胺的分泌水平。2.Ifonehasfocusedonsomethingallday,showeringcanhelp_________.

A.turnone’sattentioninwardB.drawone’sattentiontotheoutsideworldC.makeanimportantbreakthroughD.manychemicalchangestotakeplace【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段可知,洗澡可能会让你从你一直坚持的事情中解脱出来。尤其是当你一整天都在为一个问题苦苦思索的时候,跳进淋浴间可以让你远离外界,让你专注于自己内心的感受和记忆。由此推断洗澡能让人把注意力转向内心。3.AccordingtoKaufman,whycantakingshowersmakeuscreative?A.Becausetakingshowershappensmoreoften.B.Becausetakingshowerscanmakeusacquireafreshexperience,inspiringus.C.Becausenothingbuttakingshowerscangetourinspiration.D.Becausetakingshowerscanhelpustrysomethingunexpected.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,洗澡时,随着位置、温度和湿度的变化,我们会获得全新的体验。考夫曼解释说:“新的和意想不到的经历会导致思维的积极变化。”由此可知洗澡能让我们获得全新的体验,并对我们有积极的影响。4.TheexampleofGertrudeSteininthelastparagraphisusedto_________.

A.encouragereaderstofindtheirownwaysofgettinginspirationB.pointouttoreadersthatit’shardtogetinspirationC.explainhowtolinkinspirationwithreaders’dailylivesD.showthatcreativityoftencomesfromstrangeplaces【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的首句“洗澡让我们享受大脑的创造力,但浴室不是你唯一获得灵感的地方。”可知获得灵感的方式很多,再结合最后一句Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.“所以努力创造你自己的方式来解放你的思想。”可推断最后一段中GertrudeStein的例子用来鼓励人们找到适合自己的激发灵感的方式。B

Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyabrother’sorsister’sname.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?

Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtodealwiththistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive(认知的)errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.

Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemory

and

Cognition,foundthatthe“wrong”nameisnotrandombutisalwaysfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,friends,brothersandsisters.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,“butitdoestelluswho’sinandwho’soutofthegroup.”

Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.

Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothem—familyorfriend—hadcalledthembyanotherperson’sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswhensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandbrothersandsistersbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.

Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecausegrandparentshavemoregrandchildrentomixupthanparentshavechildren.Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditionalgendernorms.Therewasnoevidencethaterrorsoccurredmorewhenthemisnamerwasfrustrated,tiredorangry.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。实际研究结果证明叫错名字只是生活中的一个普遍现象。5.Howmightpeopleoftenfeelwhentheyweremisnamed?A.Unwanted.

B.Unhappy.C.Confused. D.Indifferent.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句:如果你像多数小孩子一样,你很可能在你妈妈用你兄弟或姐妹的名字叫你时感到很沮丧。通过gotupset可以得知B选项切合文意。6.WhatdidDavidRubin’sresearchfindaboutmisnaming?A.Itisrelatedtothewayourmemorieswork.B.Itisapossibleindicatorofafaultymemory.C.Itoccursmostlybetweenkidsandtheirfriends.D.Itoftencausesmisunderstandingsamongpeople.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知,这项研究发现错误的名字不是随机的,但总是源自相同的关系网。这里fishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond表示“源自相同的关系网”,换句话说就是来自对名字是否属于同一关系网的记忆。故A选项切合文意。7.Whatdidthesurveysofmorethan1,700subjectsfindaboutmisnaming?A.Itmoreoftenthannothurtsrelationships.B.Ithardlyoccursacrossgenderboundaries.C.Itismostfrequentlyfoundinextendedfamilies.D.Itmostoftenoccurswithinarelationshipgroup.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知,调查发现人们会混淆关系网群组内的名字,比如孙子、朋友和兄弟姐妹的名字,但几乎不会超越这些界限。这和选项D.Itmostoftenoccurswithinarelationshipgroup.它经常出现在一个关系网内,意思切合。8.Whydomothersmisnametheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers?A.Theysuffermorefrustrations.B.Theybecomewornoutmoreoften.C.Theycommunicatemorewiththeirchildren.D.Theygenerallytakeonmoreworkathome.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,妈妈们因为性别的缘故,也许比父亲更高频率地和她们的孩子交流。这里callon的意思是“短暂拜访”,即“短时间交谈”,换句话说就是和孩子们交流比父亲更多一点,故选项C.Theycommunicatemorewiththeirchildren.她们更多地与孩子们沟通交流,切合文意。Ⅱ.阅读填句(2021·南京模拟)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Ridingbikesshouldbefun,andinordertohavethemostfunoutthere,weroundedupthebestbeginnercyclingtipstohelpyougetrolling.

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Experiencingpaininthefrontofyourknee?Yourseatmightbetoolow,causingyoutounder-extendduringyourpedalstroke.Thisisacommonmistakeamongbeginnersbecausemostpeoplefeelmorecomfortableandconfidentiftheirfeetcanreachtheground.

Getabikefit

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.Theseatheightshouldbehighenoughtogiveyouaveryslightbendinyourkneewhenyourfeetareatthebottomofthepedalstroke,asmentionedabove.Properreachmeansyourarmsmakea45-degreeangleoverthebike.Toolong,andyourbackwillbesorereachingforthehandlebars.

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.

Avoiddoingtoomuchtoosoon

Oneofthebiggestsourcesofinjurycomesfromtryingtotakeontoomuchmileagebeforeyou’reready.

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.Similarly,ifyou’reonatrainingride,don’tstarttoofastandriskburn-outandfatigueinthesecondhalf.Warmupduringthefirstthirdoftheride,andthensettleintoarhythmforthesecond.

Learnhowtorideinagroup

Grouprideshavetheirownrulesforareason.

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.Ifit’syourfirsttimeridingwithanewgroup,hangoutintheback,observeandaskforhelpifyouneedit.Noquestionisadumbquestionwhenyourownsafetyandthesafetyofthegroupisatstake.

A.ChoosetherightbikeB.SetyourseatheightrightC.Maybeyouloveridingnon-competitivelywithagroupD.It’seasytocauseacrashifyourridingisn’tpredictableE.Tooshort,andyourkneeswillbetooclosetoyourarmsF.Togettherightfit,twoelementsarekey:seatheightandreachG.Buildupslowly,easein,andgiveyourbodytimetoadjusttonewdistances【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文用明快的语调为自行车初学者提供了与骑行和自行车相关的信息与建议。1.【解析】选B。设空处为段落标题。根据下文内容“Yourseatmightbetoolow”和“iftheirfeetcanreachtheground”可知,调节座位高度与骑行有很大关系。故此段的标题应为调节好座位高度。B项:Setyourseatheightright(把你的座位高度定好)符合语境。故选B。2.【解析】选F。本段的标题是Getabikefit,下文中出现了“height”和“reach”两个关键词,并且分别对其进行了相应的解释,可知同时包含这两个元素的F选项符合语境。故选F。3.【解析】选E。根据上文“Toolong,andyourbackwillbesorereachingforthehandlebars.”可知,后面是对前句进行的补充说明,补充的是与之相反的情况,即tooshort时的情况。E项:Tooshort,andyourkneeswillbetooclosetoyourarms(太短,你的膝盖会太靠近你的手臂)符合语境。故选E。4.【解析】选G。本段的标题是Avoiddoingtoomuchtoosoon,告诫骑行者不能贪快,要循序渐进慢慢来。同时参考后文“Similarly,...,don’tstarttoofastandriskburn-outandfatigueinthesecondhalf.”可再次佐证。G项:Buildupslowly,easein,andgiveyourbodytimetoadjusttonewdistances(慢慢来,给你的身体时间来适应新的路程)符合语境。故选G。5.【解析】选D。根据上文“Grouprideshavetheirownrulesforriding.”可知如果不按照一定的规则就容易造成混乱,导致撞车。也可通过后文的“hangoutintheback,observe”推断出来。D项:It’seasytocauseacrashifyourridingisn’tpredictable(如果你的骑行方式不可预测,很容易撞车)符合语境。故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforeditingthisbookisahopeof1.________(share)myenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.Eachplayhasathemeorcentralidea2._______theplaywrighthopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharacters3._______(use)tocreateasingle4._______(impress)growingoutofthetheme.However,5._______varietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy,satire,poignantdrama,historicalandregionaldrama.Toshowtheversatility(多面性)oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevisionplay.Amongthewritersofthe6.______(play)inthiscollection,PaulGreen,SusanGlaspell,MaxwellAnderson,ThorntonWilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTennesseeWilliamshaveallreceivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributions7.____thetheater.8.______(much)informationabouttheplaywrightswillbefoundattheendofthisbook.9.______(get)themostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,withyou,thereader,intheaudience.Thehouselightsdim(变暗).Thecurtainsareabouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialogue10.______(tell)youthestory.1.【解析】sharing。考查非谓语动词。介词of后应用动名词作宾语。2.【解析】which/that。which或that引导定语从句,从句中缺少getacross的宾语,先行词athemeorcentralidea指物,关系代词应用that或者which引导。3.【解析】areused。考查被动语态。use和主语characters之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。4.【解析】impression。考查词性转换。冠词a和形容词single后应用名词。5.【解析】a。考查冠词。avarietyof各种各样的。固定搭配。6.【解析】plays。考查名词的复数。根据后面的collection可知,戏剧集里的戏剧不止一部,应用名词复数。7.【解析】to。考查介词。contribution后应用介词to。8.【解析】More。考查比较级。根据语境可知,更多的关于剧作家的信息可以在书的末尾得知。应用比较级。9.【解析】Toget。考查非谓语动词。不定式表示目的。10.【解析】willtell。考查时态。由时间状语inafewminutes可知,应用一般将来时。阅读理解(2021·长沙模拟)

Fathershaveastronginfluenceontheirchildren.Andoneoftheareasinwhichresearcherslookfortheinfluenceisinthedevelopmentoflanguage.Whatbeginswithgesturesandsoundsdevelopsintocompetencewithlanguagebyaroundage3.Fathersareprovingtobeanimportantpartofthisprocess,asLynneVernon-FeagansoftheUniversityofNorthCarolinaandhercolleaguesarefindingout.

Theyhavedonesomeofthemostinterestingworklookingatchildren’slanguagedevelopmentinbothmiddle-classandpoor,ruralfamilies.They’vefound,totheirsurprise,thatnotonlyarefathersimportantforchildren’slanguagedevelopment,butthatfathersmattermorethanmothers.Forexample,theyfoundthatfathers’useofvocabularywhenreadingpicturebookstotheirchildrenat6monthsofagewassignificantlyrelatedtothechildren’sexpressivenessat15monthsanduseofadvancedlanguageatage3.Thisheldtruenomatterwhatthemother’seducationallevelwasorhowshespoketothechildren.

Vernon-Feaganswassurprisedbythedifferencebetweenmothersandfathers.Shehadthoughttheywouldbeequallyinvolvedinencouragingtheirchildren’slanguagedevelopment.Whywouldfathersbemoreimportantinthisregardthanmothers?Maybeit’sbecausemothersaremorefamiliarwiththeirkids,typicallyspendingmoretimewiththemthanfathersdo.Thatmakesmothersmorelikelytochoosewordsthekidsknow.Fathersaren’tasfamiliarwiththeirkids,sotheyuseabroadervocabulary,andthekidslearnnewwordsandconceptsasaresult.

Vernon-Feagansthoughttheremightbeanotherfactoratplayaswell.Becausefathersusuallyspendlesstimewiththeirkids,theyaremoreofanovelty.Thatmakesthemmoreinterestingplaymates.“Idothinkourchildrenseeitasveryspecialwhentheydobookreadingwiththeirfathers,”shesaid.“Theymaylistenmoreandacquirelanguageinaspecialway.”

Theresearchersfoundthatwealthierfathersproducedagreaterriseintheirchildren’sIQsthandidsimilarlyactivelow-incomefathers.Itmightsounddiscouraging,butitsuggeststhatimprovingmen’seducationalorfinancialstatuswouldbringbenefitsnotonlytothembuttotheirchildrenaswell.【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍了父亲对孩