《化妆品术语英汉翻译的探究（英语）》（论文）

化妆品术语英汉翻译的研究【摘要】自从化妆品出现以来，越来越多的人关注它。对于不懂英语的人们来说，要想获得更好的产品，直观性很重要。但是化妆品术语繁多，所以英汉翻译需要准确易懂。目前，较少研究关注化妆品术语。本文以百度百科和雅诗兰黛化妆品说明书中的化妆品术语为分析材料，试图在功能对等理论的指导下，从词汇、文化、美学三个层面分析这些术语。结果表明，从词汇层面来看，化妆品术语为了传达原文信息，采用直译策略，既保持原文内容，又保持原文形式，最大限度地传达源语所表达的信息。这样读者就能完全接收到信息。从文化的角度来看，为了使目标语受众的反应与源语受众相似，采用了添加文化元素的策略。从美学的角度来看，再现源语言的风格，使语言流畅，则必须使语言生动、有趣、丰富、简洁。通过本文的研究能够给化妆品术语研究的译者一些启示，为化妆品翻译做出一定的贡献，帮助公众更好的理解。【关键词】化妆品术语;功能对等理论;词汇;文化;美学1.IntroductionIncludingskincareterms,skincareprofessionalterms,makeuptoolsandotherterms,cosmeticterminologyisatechnicaltermusedintheintroductionandpurchaseofcosmetics.Cosmetictermsappeartoletbuyersknowwhatcosmeticsareusedforandhowtousethem.Therearenumeroustranslationsofcosmetictermsavailableonline.Aftercomparison,theauthorchosethetranslationcomparisontextprovidedbyBaiduEncyclopediaandEsteeLaudercosmeticsinstructions.ThecontentofBaiduEncyclopediaandEsteeLaudercosmeticsinstructionshavebeencertifiedbyprofessionalorganizations,soitismoreauthoritative.Comparedtoothertexts,thecontentprovidedinthisarticleismoreorganizedandclear.Thispaperclassifiesthetranslationofcosmetictermsfromthreeaspects:skincareproducts,skincarespecialty,cosmetictoolsandotherterms,sothatreaderscanunderstandcosmetictermsmoreeasilyandclearly.Thispaperadoptsfunctionalequivalencetheorytoanalyzethetext.ThistheorywasdevelopedbyAmericanlinguistEugeneNida.Headvocatedthattranslationshouldnotrequirerigidcorrespondenceonthesurfaceofwords,butshouldachievefunctionalequivalencebetweentwolanguages(Nida,1975).Inliterarytranslation,thistheoryisoftenusedasatranslationprincipleinordertoaccuratelyreproducetheculturalconnotationsofthesourcelanguageinthetargetlanguage.Thetranslationofcosmetictermsneedstoproperlyreproducetheculturalconnotationoftheoriginallanguageinordertoachieveaccuratepublicunderstanding.InChina,LiuJiayan(2012),YaoJianshu(2014)andDaiMengsha,ZhangHuaxia(2018)usedfunctionalequivalencetheorytoanalyzecosmeticsrelatedinformation.Therefore,thispaperintendstousefunctionalequivalencetheorytoanalyzeandstudythesecosmetictermsfromthreeaspectsofvocabulary,cultureandaesthetics.Thispaperisdividedintofivechapters.Thefirstchapteristheintroduction,introducesthedefinitionofcosmeticterms,thepurposeandoccasionofuseandthechoice.Chaptertwoisaliteraturereview,whichsystematicallyreviewstherelevantresearchoffunctionalequivalencetheoryathomeandabroad.Chapterthreeisthetheoreticalbasis,introducingNida’sdynamicequivalencetheoryanditslaterfunctionalequivalencetheory.Inaddition,thesimilaritybetweenthepurposeofEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmetictermsandtherequirementoffunctionalequivalenceisthefeasibilityofcombiningtheminthisstudy.ChapterfouristhemainpartoftheanalysisofEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmetictermsfromtheperspectivesofvocabulary,cultureandaestheticsbyusingfunctionalequivalencetheory.Chapterfiveistheconclusion,includingtheconclusion,limitationsandfuturedevelopmentdirectionofthestudy.LiteraturereviewSinceNidaputforwardfunctionalequivalencetheory,scholarsathomeandabroadhavecarriedoutaseriesofresearchesusingfunctionalequivalencetheory,andthemainresearchresultsareasfollows:2.1OverviewofresearchonfunctionalequivalencetheoryabroadManyforeignscholarshavestudiedNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.Forexample,Jakobson(1959)proposedtheconceptof“equivalenceindfferece”,thatis,althoughtherearedifferencesinculturalmeaningandgrammaticalstructurebetweenthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguage,butitstilldoesnotaffectthetransmissionofinformationbetweendifferentlanguages.Catford(1965)alsopointedoutthattranslationisabranchoflinguistics,whichcanbeunderstoodasreplacingthesourcelanguagetextwithanequivalenttextinthetargetlanguage.Theseviewpointsandconceptslayafoundationfortheperfectionanddevelopmentoffunctionalequivalencetheoryinthefuture.Nidadividedequivalenceintoformalanddynamicequivalence.Theformerpaysattentiontotheformandcontentofthesourcelanguage.Inotherwords,formalequivalenceisclosetothestructureofthesourcelanguagealsohelpsto“getclosetothelanguageandcustomsofthecultureoforigin”(Munday,2001).HisviewissimilartoNida’stheory:whileachievingcontentequivalence,theformoftheoriginaltextshouldbepreservedasmuchaspossible,sothatthetranslationcanachievethehighestlevelofequivalence,takingintoaccountbothsemanticsandstyle(Nida,2004).Statham(2005)studiedtheevolutionofNida’suseoftheterm"functionalequivalence”andsomeoftheproblemsthatappearedinit.HebelievesthatthefirstthingthatinfluencesNida’stheoryisthelanguageentity,secondly,Nida’sdefinitionofthetheoryhascertainlimitationsandgenerality,andthirdly,hepaystoolittleattentiontogrammar.Inaddition,Nord(2001)summarizedcomplexacademictheoriesandtermsoffunctionalschoolsinhisbookTeleologicalBehavioronFunctionalTranslationTheory,soastointegratetheacademicthoughtsofvariousfunctionalschoolscomprehensivelyandsystematically.TherearealsosomeChineseandWesternscholarsstudyingfunctionalequivalencetheory.InhisbookappliedTranslationFunctions,JiaWenbo(2004)combinedthewesternfunctionaltranslationtheorysystemandfocusedonEnglish-Chinesetranslationinaccordancewiththefunctionaltranslationpurposesandrequirementsofvarioustexts,suchasscienceandtechnology,currentpolitics,tourism,officialdocumentsandadvertising.Inaddition,MildredL.LarsonmentionedinhisbookMeaningTranslation:AGuidetoCross-linguisticEquivalencethat“itisnecessarytouseNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheorytoguidetranslationpractice.Agoodtranslationisastyleofthoughtthatcanfullyexpresstheoriginaltext.Thetranslationshouldremainfaithfulandthesourceandtargettextsshouldbenaturallyequivalent”(Larson,1997).2.2OverviewofdomesticfunctionalequivalencetheoryresearchChinesescholarshaveappliedfunctionalequivalencetheorytothestudyofbooktranslation.Forexample,YangDingge(2010)usedfunctionalequivalencetheorytoexplorethetranslationof“Tang”inthefourversionsofADreamofRedMansions.Theauthorsummarizesthetranslationof“Soup”inaDreamofRedMansions,andfindsthatthetranslatordoesnottranslatethesoupcompletelyinaccordancewiththewayoftheoriginaltext,butfullyconsidersthehistoricalandculturaldifferencesanddifferentculturalbackgroundsofthetargetlanguagereaders.ByapplyingNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,translatorscaneasilyunderstandthemeaningoftheoriginaltextandtheconnotationandessenceofChineseculturewithoutbeingconfused.YaoJianshu(2014)studiedthezerotranslationstrategyofcosmetictrademarksfromtheperspectiveoffunctionalequivalencetheory,andappliedfunctionalequivalencetheorytoguidethetranslationofcosmetictrademarksfromtheperspectiveofzerotranslationstrategy,inordertoachievethefunctionalequivalencebetweentheoriginaltextandthetargettext.Shebelievesthatundertheguidanceoffunctionalequivalencetheory,thezerotranslationstrategyofcosmeticstrademarksnotonlyretainsthecharmandstyleofthesourcelanguage,fullyembodiestheuniquecharmofcosmetics,butalsocaterstothepsychologyofsomeconsumerswhoseekthesameconsumptionexperienceasthesourcelanguageconsumers.Somescholarsusefunctionalequivalencetheorytostudythetranslationofnovels,filmsandlegaltexts.ZhengLianhua(2014)studiedthetranslationofrhetoricaldevicesinOHenry'sShortStories.Shebelievesthatitisnoteasytoachievenearlyperfecttranslationallthetime,butwecanmakeperfecttranslationaccordingtoNida’sreaderresponsetheoryandthetheoreticalframeworkofthehighestandlowestleveloffunctionalequivalencetheory.ZhouChong(2015)usedfunctionalequivalencetheorytoanalyzethepracticeoffilmsubtitletranslation.Hebelievesthataccordingtothecharacteristicsoffilmsubtitle,functionalequivalencecanbeachievedfromfourlevelsoflinguisticform,culture,pragmaticsandaesthetics.MaoXue(2017)analyzedthetranslationoflegaltexts.Inherarticle,shefocusesontheexpressionandapplicationoffunctionalequivalencetheoryinlexical,syntacticandstylisticaspectsinthetranslationofEnglishandChineselegaltexts,sothatthetwolanguagescanachievefunctionalequivalenceinarealsense.LiJuan(2020)usesfunctionalequivalencetheorytoanalyzethetranslationpracticeofnewsterms.Shethinks,Nida’sequivalencetranslationtheoryisreallywanttoemphasizethatthetranslatorshouldnotbemechanicallyrigididea,butasfaraspossibleisgivenprioritytowithreaders,byconsideringthereader'swayofthinkingtoadjusttranslationskills,readinghabits,whichensuresthatthetranslationcanmaximizetheroleofthe“original”,soastofullymeetthedemandofthereader'sreading.Somescholarsalsousefunctionalequivalencetheorytostudythetranslationofnationalanthem.Guidedbythistheory,WuShaoqun(2021)analyzesthecharacteristicsofnationalanthemtranslationandstudiesthetranslationstrategiesofnationalanthem.HebelievesthataccordingtoNida’sfunctionalequivalencetranslationtheory,thegoalofsongtranslationistoachievetheclosestsingingeffectbetweenthetargetsingerandthesourcesinger.Inadditiontotheabovestudies,manyscholarsathomeandabroadhaveconducteddifferentstudiesonfunctionalequivalencetheory.Withtheeffortsoflinguists,thetheoryhasshownstrongdevelopmentpotentialandattractedtheattentionofmanylinguistsandlanguagelovers,whohaveconductedextensiveandin-depthresearchfromvariousaspectsandachievedmoreresults.Butmostofthemfocusonthetranslationpracticereportsofnovels,moviesubtitlesandbooks.Sofar,researchershavenotfoundresearchersusingthistheorytostudythecontentofEnglish-Chinesetranslationsofcosmeticterms.Therefore,thispaperaimstoanalyzecosmeticsrelatedterms,hopingtobehelpful.ThefunctionalequivalencetheoryAmericanlinguistNida(1964)proposedthefamous“dynamicequivalence”translationtheory,namely“functionalequivalence”,basedontheessenceoftranslationfromtheperspectiveoflinguistics.Inthistheory,hepointedoutthat“translationistousethemostappropriate,naturalandequivalentlanguagetoreproducethesourcelanguageinformationfromsemanticstostylistics”(GuoJianzhong,2000).Nida’sdefinitionoftranslationimpliesequivalencenotonlyinlexicalmeaning,butalsoinequivalenceinsemantics,styleandstyle.Translationconveysbothsuperficiallexicalinformationanddeepculturalinformation.Theequivalencein“dynamicequivalence”includesfouraspects:1.Lexicalequivalence,2.Syntacticequivalence,3.Textualequivalence,4.Stylisticequivalence.Inthesefouraspects,Nidabelievesthat“meaningisthemostimportantandformisthesecond”(GuoJianzhong,2000).Thisformislikelytoobscuretheculturalsignificanceofthesourcelanguageandhinderculturalcommunication.Therefore,inliterarytranslation,accordingtoNida’stheory,thetranslatorshouldtakethefouraspectsofdynamicequivalenceasthetranslationprinciple,andaccuratelyreproducetheculturalconnotationofthesourcelanguageinthetargetlanguage.Nidabelievesthat“dynamicequivalence”pursuesthemostnaturaltranslation,thatis,theequivalenceclosesttotheoriginaltext(Nida,1964).Dynamicequivalenceis“theclosestandnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguageinformation”(Nida,2004).Inthissentence,“equivalent”means“bearingtheinformationofthesourcelanguage”,“natural”torefertotheinformationacceptedbythetargetlanguagereaders,including“theclosest”isthemainpointsofthefunctionofNida’sdynamicequivalenceistorealizethesourcelanguageinformationandthetargetlanguageformaximumequivalentlanguageinformation,ratherthantostriveforthemaximumextent,intheformofapeer.Nida(1986)proposed“functionalequivalence”in“FromOneLanguagetoAnother”.Thisconceptreplaces“dynamicequivalence”.Nida(1984)believesthattheword“function”infunctionalequivalencehighlightstheactualcommunicativefunctionoftranslation,theabilitytoreorganizetheformandsemanticstructureofinformationinanappropriateway,andtocommunicatebetweenlanguagesandcultures.Forexample,whentranslatingtheEnglishidiom“springlikemushroom”,the“mushroom”originallymeans“蘑菇”,buttheChinesetranslationismostly“雨后春笋”,becauseinChineseculture,peoplearemorefamiliarwiththeidiomandtheimageofunderstandingis“雨后春笋”(Anonymity,2011).Nidabelievesthattranslationshouldachievefunctionalequivalencebetweentwolanguagesratherthanrigidcorrespondenceonthesurfaceofwords.Everyone’sunderstandingofthingsisdifferent,andthetranslationofasentenceisalsodifferent,butthemeaningexpressedbyeveryoneisthesame,whichispreciselythepurposeoftranslationforcommunicationinfunctionalequivalencetheory.Forthetranslator,thegreatestdifficultyistothoroughlyunderstandthereferentialandassociativemeaningofthetranslatedtext.Thisrequiresnotonlyanunderstandingofthemeaningandsyntacticrelationshipsofwords,butalsoanacuteawarenessofthenuancesofvarioustextualapproaches.TanZaixi,aChinesescholar,believesthatthecoreofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheoryisthatthewordingofthetranslationissmoothandnatural,thecontentisexpressiveandthereaderrespondssimilarly(TanZaixi,2004).Nida’sfunctionalequivalencetheoryisagoodreferenceprinciplefortermtranslation,becauseitemphasizestheimportanceofreproducingtheculturalconnotationofthesourcelanguage,whichcanhelpreadersbetterunderstandthetruemeaningofterms.Asfarascosmeticsareconcerned,itisnecessarytoapplyfunctionalequivalencetheorytoEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmeticterms.Asweallknow,cosmetictermsareaveryimportantreferenceindexforconsumerstopurchaseproducts.SincemanycosmeticsinTheChinesemarketareproducedabroad,itisadifficultproblemforsomeconsumerswhodonotknowEnglishbutwanttobuycosmetics.However,translationisimpossibleforthetargetlanguagetobeexactlythesameastheoriginal.Therefore,itisimpossibletocreateaperfecttranslationthatfullydemonstratestheoriginalculturalconnotation,andthetranslatorcanonlyreproducethesourceculturetothemaximumextent.Thetranslationofcosmetictermsisaprocessoflanguagecreationcombiningtranslationandfashion,andalinkbetweenthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguageaudience.ProperEnglishandChinesecosmetictermsnotonlyretainthestyleofthesourcelanguage,butalsohelpthetargetaudiencetoeasilyunderstandthecontentofcosmeticterms.Theauthorbelievesthatitisfeasibletoapplyfunctionalequivalencetheorytothetranslationofcosmeticterms.FromthefouraspectsofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetranslationtheory,therearemainlythefollowingreasons.(1)Conveyoriginalinformation.Thetargetlanguageshouldconveytheinformationexpressedinthesourcelanguagetothemaximumextentsothattheinformationreceivedbythetargetlanguagereadersisbasicallythesameastheoriginalauthorwantstoconveytothesourcelanguagereaders.Thisstandardpointsthewayforthepracticeofcosmeticterminologytranslation,thatis,toensurethatthemostbasicinformationcanbefullyconveyed.Thisisthebasicrequirementforthetranslatortotranslateterms.(2)Similarresponsesfromreaders.Nidabelievesthatthereader’sfeelingsandreactionsfromthetranslationshouldbebasicallythesameasthosefromtheoriginaltext.Thetextofbasketballterminologymeetstheneedsofreaderstounderstandbasketballterminology.Therefore,intermtranslation,translatorsmustpayattentiontoreaders'responses,whichisconsistentwithNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.(3)Conveythespiritandstyleoftheoriginalwork.Theequivalencebetweentranslationandoriginaltextisnotonlyinformationequivalence,butalsostyleequivalence.Ifthetranslationofcosmetictermsisguidedbythisstandard,translatorswillpayattentiontotherigorandscientificityoftermtranslation.(4)Fluentlanguage,inlinewiththegrammarrulesandexpressionhabitsofthetranslation.Intheprocessoftranslation,itisnecessarynotonlytorestoretheoriginalinformation,butalsotoensureproperexplanationofterms,fluentlanguage,inlinewiththehabitofexpression,andnottocreatevocabularyatwill.Intranslation,weshouldfollowthistranslationprinciple,useappropriatetranslationskillsaccordingtothewayofexpressioninChinese,trytomakethetranslationeasytounderstand,thetranslationresultisreasonable,inlinewiththehabitsofChinese,sothatconsumerscanunderstandmoresmoothly.ThefinalserviceobjectofEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmetictermsisconsumers.ThepurposeofEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmetictermsistohelpconsumerswhoarenotfamiliarwiththesourcelanguagetounderstandthesourcelanguageinformationmoreeasily.Meanwhile,dynamicequivalencetheoryholdsthattranslationisawayofcommunication.Finally,theacademiccirclehasconductedstudiesoncosmetictranslationfromtheperspectiveoffunctionalequivalence,suchasLiuJiayan(2012),YaoJianshu(2014),DaiMengsha,ZhangHuaxia(2018).ThismakestheauthormoreconvincedthatitisfeasibletoapplyfunctionalequivalencetheorytoEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmeticterms.AnalysisofcosmeticterminologytranslationfromtheperspectiveoffunctionalequivalencetheoryFunctionalequivalencetheoryattachesimportancetofunctionalequivalenceratherthanpurelypursuingformalequivalence.Firstofall,whenintroducingcosmetics,consumersshouldbeinthemsoastoattractthembetter.Next,conciseandclearshouldbewantedwhenintroducing,abilitywonnotletconsumerhavetiredpsychology.Finally,thepresentationshouldbelivelyandinteresting,allowingconsumerstoimaginethebenefitsofusingtheproduct.Inthetranslationofcosmeticterms,weshouldtrytobeclosetothesourcelanguage,retaintheoriginalinformationandconveytheoriginalstyle,andpayattentiontoculturaldifferencestoavoidbigculturaldifferences.Onthebasisofunderstandingthesecharacteristicsofcosmeticterminologytranslation,theauthorbelievesthatfunctionalequivalencetheorycanguidethetranslationofcosmetictermsfromthethreeaspectsofvocabulary,cultureandaesthetics,soastoachievebetterandmoreaccuratetranslation.IncosmeticsEnglishtranslation,semanticequivalenceandstylisticequivalenceshouldbeachievedfirst.Theequivalencelevelincludeslexicalsemanticequivalence,andthestylisticlevelincludesthefourcharacteristicsofEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmeticterms,namely,culturalequivalenceandaestheticequivalence.Belowisadetailedanalysisoftheselevels.4.1FunctionalequivalenceatthelexicallevelSomecosmetictermsaretranslatedusingliteraltranslationstrategy,thatis,translationmethodsortextsthatretainthecontentandformoftheoriginaltext.Thisenablesthetargettexttoconveytheinformationexpressedinthesourcelanguagetothemaximumextentandenablesreaderstoreceivetheinformationcompletely,whichconformstotheprincipleof“transmittingoriginalinformation”infunctionalequivalencetheory.Herearesomeexamples:(1)SkincareSkinmeans“皮肤”,caremeans“护理，照顾”,sothistermtranslate“护肤”.(2)NightcreamNightmeans“晚上”,creammeans“霜”,sothistermtranslateto“晚霜”.(3)CosmeticbagCosmeticmeans“化妆”,bagmeans“包”,sothistermtranslateto“化妆包”.(4)SeaweedmaskSeaweedmeans“海藻”,maskmeans“面膜”,sothistermtranslateto“海藻面膜”.(5)MassageoilMassagemeans“按摩”,oilmeans“油”,sothistermtranslateto“按摩油”.(6)SkinanalysisapparatusSkinmeans“皮肤”,analysismeans“测试，分析”,apparatusmeans“仪器”,sothistermtranslateto“皮肤测试仪”.(7)DisinfectboxDisinfectmeans“消毒”,boxmeans“箱”,sothistermtranslateto“消毒箱”.(8)HighfrequencymassageHighmeans“高的”,frequencymeans“频率”,massagemeans“按摩仪”,sothistermtranslateto“高震按摩仪”.ElectrotherapystickElectrotherapymeans“电疗”,stickmeans“棒”,sothistermtranslateto“电疗棒”.Fromtheseexamples,wecanfindthatinEnglish-Chinesetranslationofmodifiers,manywordsaredirectlycombinedfromthemostbasicmeaningsofEnglishwords.English-Chinesetranslationisone-to-onecorrespondence,reflectinglexicalequivalence.4.2FunctionalequivalenceattheculturallevelInadditiontorealizingfunctionalpairsatthelexicallevel,theculturallevelisalsoveryimportant.Languageandculturemustbeinseparable.Consumers’purchaseofforeigncosmeticsisalsoaprocessofexperiencingandharvestingforeignculture.CulturalequivalenceisalsoanimportantpartofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.Therefore,inthissection,theauthorwillexplorethefunctionalequivalenceoftargetlanguageandsourcelanguagefromaculturalperspective。(10)Rouge/blusher胭脂Rougeisthecosmeticthatpointstobesmearapplyatcheek,itspurposeistomakecheekhasstereofeeling,presentruddybloodcolorgoodhealthappearance.Redpigmentsareusuallyused,aswellasbrown,blue,bronzeandbeigetomeettheneedsofcosmeticuse.Rougesinceancienttimesitisakindofverygetthecosmeticthingsthatthefemalelikes,itsitselfexperiencedthedevelopmentoflongperiod.Inourcountry,themainrawmaterialofancientmakingrougeisredandblueflower,alsoknownasredflower,whichisfrequentlyrecordedandoftenusedasmedicine,dyeandcosmeticrawmaterialsinceHanDynasty.Therefore,thetranslationoftheterm“rouge”incosmeticsinto“胭脂”enablesChineseconsumerstobetterunderstandthemeaningofthistermandreflectsthefunctionalequivalenceattheculturallevel.(11)Bridalmakeup新娘妆RichaureateforChinesestylebrideaddedthesenseofgraceandgrace,themakeuplookofjinyaocolorandmetallicfeelinghandineachotherreflect,refractthenobletemperamentthatgivesabridepeculiar,andChinesestylebridemakeupcanletmoreWesternstylebrideexperiencethewenwanlastingappealofChinesestylebride.ChinaandtheWesthavedifferentunderstandingsofbridalmakeup.Therefore,thetranslationof“bridalmakeup”into“新娘妆”canbetterreflectthefunctionalequivalenceofculture.(12)Pierceears打耳孔Theideaofpiercingawoman’searwithaheavybeadonitwasactuallytoremindthemtolivediscreetlyandbecareful.LaterslowlyspreadtotheCentralPlains,alsoslowlyacceptedbytheHanpeople.Legendhasitthatinancienttimes,therewasagirlwithaneyeproblem,whichledtoblindness.Later,shemetafamousdoctorwhoprickedherearlobewithasilverneedletorestoresight.Thegirlwasverygrateful,sosheputearringsonherearstothankthefamousdoctorforhiskindness.Aftertheideaofpiercingyourearstomakeyoureyesbrightspread,moreandmorewomenbegantofollowsuit,soithasbeenspreadtotoday,andhasgraduallybecomeawaytolovebeauty.Therefore,thetranslationof"pierceears"into“打耳孔”canbetterreflectthefunctionalequivalenceontheculturallevel.Inothercultures,theunderstandingofsomespecifictermsisdifferent,andeachcountryhasadifferenthistoryandculture.Therefore,inthetranslationofthiskindofwordstotakeintoaccounttheaboveculturalbackground,totranslate“rouge,earpiercing”andotherwords,sothatconsumerscanreallyexperiencethefunctionandroleofthesecosmetics.Behindthedifferentculturalfeatures,consumers'responsesaresimilartothoseofthesourcelanguage,whichreflectsthefunctionalequivalencebetweenthetargetlanguageandthesourcelanguageintheculturaltranslationofcosmeticterms.4.3FunctionalequivalenceattheaestheticlevelCosmeticsarethesymboloffashion.Byshowingbeautifulfacesanddelicateskin,theybringconsumersincisivelyandvividlytheenjoymentexperience,notonlyphysicalsatisfaction,butalsopsychologicalhappiness.Therefore,inthetranslationofcosmeticterms,itisnecessarynotonlytoaccuratelyconveythebasicinformationofthesourcelanguage,butalsotoexpressitontheaestheticlevel.Afterall,makingconsumershappyisoneofthepurposesofsellingcosmetics.Therefore,thissectionwillanalyzetheEnglish-Chinesetranslationofcosmetictermsattheaestheticlevel.(13)Whitening美白Translatedas“美白”.Theliteraltranslationofthiswordmeanswhitening,whichtranslatesaswhitening,richer,notonlywhite,butalsobeautiful,canmakepeoplefeelbetterproducts.(14)Bodylotion润肤露Translatedas“润肤露”.Thisreferstoanemulsionbasedskincareproducts,withmoisturizing,protectingtheskin,replenishingtheskinneededoil,moisture,maintainskinmoisturebalance,soastomaketheskinsoftandmoist.Thetranslationof“bodylotion”to“润肤乳”addsrichnesstotheproduct'sfunction.(15)Anti-wrinkle抗老防皱Translatedas“抗老防皱”.Intheconceptofeveryone,wrinklesrepresentold,oldwillhavewrinkles,“anti-wrinkle”translatedinto“抗老防皱”tobringpeopleontheperceptionisveryimportant,caneffectivelyattractconsumerstobuyproducts.(16)Combination混合性皮肤Thewordisgenerallytranslatedas“组合，结合”,buthereitistranslatedas“混合性皮肤”,addingtotherichnessoftheword.(17)Longlasting持续的Longmeans“长的，久的”inthedictionary.Longlastingmeanstolastforalongtime.(18)Peeling敷面剥落式面膜Translatedas“敷面剥落式面膜”.Peelasaverbmeans“脱皮，剥落”.Here,itistransformedintoanounandtranslatedintoapeelingmask,whichismorevivid,interestingandconcise.Thefunctionandusageareexpressedinoneword.(19)Collagenhyalronic补充骨胶原Collagenmeans“胶原质”,hylronicmeans“透明质酸的，玻尿酸”.Thetwowordscombinedtranslatetocomplementboneglue,moreabundant.(20)Idealistoptimizerset细致嫩肤套装Idealistmeans“理想主义者”