2025年高考教案英语第二部分学透语法强化动词篇专题三谓语动词

强化动词篇专题三谓语动词卷别一般现在时一般过去时现在完成时&过去完成时现在进行时&过去进行时情态动词后的被动语态2023新Ⅰ新Ⅱ65.wished甲70.beemployed乙67.amamazed70.means2022新Ⅰ60.isdesigned58.were新Ⅱ63.threw62.wasfixing甲67.haswalked乙63.addressed浙江63.noticed56.beappreciated2021新Ⅰ61.was新Ⅱ63.was甲61.wasbuilt66.hired乙浙江60.waspainted65.sold56.hasproved/hasproven2020新Ⅰ60.arecalled61.is58.formed新Ⅱ63.is64.areencouragedⅠ67.means68.isconstructed61.touchedⅡ62.carriesⅢ66.pointed63.bechosen浙江59.wasneeded65.meant61.haddiscovered2019Ⅰ70.are65.havereportedⅡ64.declared66.havemadeⅢ65.remended69.wereinvited浙江56.has/willhave62.improved59.cycling（构成谓语arecycling）考向1动词的时态[全国卷5年29考]1.[2023新高考Ⅱ，65]Asalittlegirl，Iwished（wish）tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.2.[2022新高考Ⅱ，62]Henrywasfixing（fix）hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.3.[2021北京，13]Whenyousleep，yourbrain...tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asitconnects（connect）things，yourbrainturnsthemintoastory，andyougetadream.4.[2021天津3月，3]Wehavedone（do）quiteenoughworkforthemorning；nowlet’stakeabreak.5.[2020浙江，61]Byabout6000BC，peoplehaddiscovered（discover）thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.6.[浙江高考，56]Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform，nobodyhas/willhave（have）toworryaboutfashion（时尚）.7.[全国Ⅱ，66]IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemade（make）overtheyears.全国卷语法填空对于动词时态的考查涉及一般现在时（必考，5年12考）、一般过去时（必考，5年14考）和现在完成时（常考，5年3考）；地方卷还会涉及对过去完成时、一般将来时等时态的考查。考生通常可以根据句中明显的时间标志词（如左边第5、7题）和上下文时态来判断时态，但尤其要注意没有明显时间状语的试题。1.[2023北京，11]SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland，Ithrew（throw）ahousewarmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedupexactlyontime.2.[2023北京，13]Yearslater，havingmovedtoFrance，Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner，onlytofindthatnootherguesthadarrived（arrive）andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.3.[2023浙江1月，60]Thelargesiheyuanofthesehighrankingofficialsandwealthybusinessmenoftenfeatured（feature）beautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars（柱子）.4.[2022新高考Ⅰ，58]Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwere（be）previouslyunprotected，bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.5.[2022浙江，63]Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci’s"MonaLisa"，henoticed（notice）hersmilerightaway.6.[2022北京，13]Eventually，themancaught（catch）upwithher，andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet！7.[2021新高考Ⅰ，61]Youcan’thelpwonderinghowharditwas（be）forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.8.[2021浙江，65]AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861，theyrentedthehouseandsold（sell）mostoftheirfurniture.9.[2020全国Ⅰ，61]TheunmannedChang’e4probe（探测器）—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—touched（touch）downlastweekintheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.10.[2020浙江，65]Newmethodsmeant（mean）thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso...11.[全国Ⅱ，66]IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemade（make）overtheyears.12.[全国Ⅲ，65]Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesandremended（remend）wonderfulplacestoeat，shop，andvisit.13.[浙江高考，62]OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents’gradesimproved（improve）alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.考向2动词的语态[全国卷5年9考]8.[2023全国甲，70]Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstillbeemployed（employ）todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.9.[2023全国乙，67]Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years，Iamamazed（amaze）bythecoexistenceofoldandnew，andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage（遗产）whileconstantlygrowing.10.[2023浙江1月，59]Citizensofhighersocialclasseswerepermitted（permit）toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.11.[北京高考，9]Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped（trap）inthemountainsfortwodays.被动语态在全国卷语法填空中的考查主要涉及：1.一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态；2.情态动词后的被动语态。地方卷中会涉及其他时态的被动语态。1.[2023浙江1月，59]Citizensofhighersocialclasseswerepermitted（permit）toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.2.[2021浙江，60]Mary’sniecewrote，"Thelittlehomewaspainted（paint）white.Itwassweetandfresh..."3.[2020全国Ⅲ，63]Theartistwassurehewouldbechosen（choose），butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister，theoldmanlaughed.4.[2020浙江，59]And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefoodwasneeded（need）.5.[全国Ⅲ，69]Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay，wewereinvited（invite）toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.考向3主谓一致[全国卷5年20考]12.[2023全国乙，70]Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity，whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld，means（mean）thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere，andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.13.[2021新高考Ⅱ，63]OneofthebiggestpaniesIwrotetowas（be）AlaskaAirlines.14.[2020新高考Ι，60]Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublicarecalled（call）galleriesorrooms.15.[2020全国Ⅱ，62]Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants，fruitsandflowerscarries（carry）specialsignificance.16.[2020新高考Ⅱ，63]Becausethenumberofpossibletopicsis（be）practicallylimitless，wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.17.[2020江苏，22]Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation，you’llfindprobablyasolutionthatsuits（suit）everyone.18.[天津高考，8]Amy，aswellasherbrothers，wasgiven（give）awarmwelewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.语法填空中的主谓一致通常会与动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。近几年全国卷除了考查代词或名词作主语时的主谓一致外，还涉及：1.非谓语动词作主语；2."oneof＋可数名词复数"作主语；3."thenumberof＋可数名词复数"作主语。地方卷还会涉及therebe结构的考查，以及主语后接aswellas或alongwith等短语时谓语动词的考查情况。1.[2023北京，16]Uptonow，Chinahasestablished（establish）anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.2.[2022北京，16]Gasnaturallyhas（have）norecognisablesmell.3.[2020全国Ⅰ，67&68]"Thisreallyexcitesscientists，"CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，"becauseitmeans（mean）wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed（construct）."4.[全国Ⅰ，70]Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixare（be）stable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.5.[江苏高考，22]Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiven（give）tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.注意1.情态动词通常会与被动语态一起考查。2.虚拟语气在近几年的全国卷中都没有考查，地方卷偶有考查在suggest，advise等后的名词性从句中的用法。考点一动词的时态下表为动词各种时态的形式（以do为例），加粗的为课标要求掌握的十大时态，其余了解即可。一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/doesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing过去didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing将来will/shalldowill/shallbedoingwill/shallhavedonewill/shallhavebeendoing过去将来would/shoulddowould/shouldbedoingwould/shouldhavedonewould/shouldhavebeendoing一、一般现在时（do/does）1.表示经常或习惯性的动作或状态，也可表示现时的情况或状态等。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。NewYearinChinesepeople’seyesmeansafamilyreunion.Everyyearsees（see）thelargestannualmassmigrationontheplanetwhenonesixthoftheworld’spopulationtravelshometocelebratewiththeirfamilies.see在此处表示"见证"。2.表示客观事实、普遍真理，不受主句的时态限制。Thegeographyteachertoldhisstudentsthattheearthmoves（move）aroundthesun.3.在时间、条件状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Mymotherwillbeveryangrywithmewhenshefinds（find）outI’mlying.4.be动词及少数动作动词，如e，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop，depart等，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。Theflighttakes（take）offat8：30everyWednesdayandFriday.二、一般过去时（did）1.表示过去某个特定时间或某段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与yesterday，lastyear，threeyearsago，theotherday，justnow，then，in1999，atthattime等时间状语连用。[2022新高考Ⅱ，63]Hequicklythrew（throw）histoolsaside，andstartedrunning，armsout.2.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。Heknewbythetimehearrived（arrive）shewouldhavepreparedeverythingforhim.3.用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在事实相反的行为或状态。Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathedid（do）somethinginsteadofjusttalking.三、一般将来时1."shall/will＋动词原形"表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。"will＋动词原形"还可以表示说话时临时作出的决定。HowlongwillyoustayinShanghai？你将在上海待多久？2."begoingto＋动词原形"表示按计划、打算要做某事或某种迹象预示着要发生某事。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。3."beto＋动词原形"表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。Iamtopickupmyfriendattheairportthisafternoon.今天下午我要去机场接朋友。4."beaboutto＋动词原形"表示正要或即将做某事，不与具体的表示未来的时间状语连用。Workisabouttostartonanewfactorybuilding.新厂房即将动工。Agapyearisaboutgainingskillsthatwillhelp（help）youinthefuture.四、现在进行时（am/is/aredoing）1.表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。Sorry，Ican’tsparetimeforthecleaning.Iamplanning（plan）ourscheduleforthebusinesstripnow.2.某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，e，leave，arrive，start，move等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。Apoliceofficerisgivingalectureonhowtoprotectusfromonlinecrimethisafternoon.一名警官下午将会做一场关于如何保护我们免遭网络犯罪的讲座。五、过去进行时（was/weredoing）1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：then，atthattime，atthistimeyesterday等。Timwaswatching（watch）TouchingChinaonCCTVwithhisfamilyatthistimeyesterday.2.表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。Theywereadvancing（advance）alongthepathwhenastreamstoppedthem.3.一些非延续性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常见动词有go，e，leave，start，arrive等。Tomhadtopackhisthingsupquickly，becausehewastoldthatthistaxiwasleaving（leave）in2minutes.六、将来进行时（will/shallbedoing）表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行或持续的动作。常与at8：00amtomorrow，inthenexttwomonths等时间状语连用。Bythetimeyouarrivehome，Iwillbesleeping（sleep）then，sopleasedon’tmakeanynoise.七、现在完成时（have/hasdone）1.表示过去发生并已完成的某个动作，强调对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，常与yet，already，just，before，recently，lately，ever等时间状语连用。Thankstoadvancesintechnology，thewaywemakefriendsandmunicatewiththemhaschanged（change）significantly.2.表示开始于过去、持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与thesedays，uptonow，sofar，"for＋时间段"或"since＋时间点"等连用。[2021浙江，56]Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac，butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield，Illinois，hasproved/hasproven（prove）irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.3.常用现在完成时的固定句型：ThisIamnotfamiliarwiththesong—it’sthefirsttimeIhaveheard（hear）it.八、过去完成时（haddone）1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成或结束的动作，即"过去的过去"。Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearned/hadlearnt（learn）theinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindwentblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaid（say）tomealtogether.2.表示在过去某一时刻之前已经开始，一直持续到这一过去时刻的动作或状态。常和for，by，until，before等构成的时间状语连用。InBeijing，therehadbeen（be）morethan21，100peopleonthelistbytheendof2017sincethecitystartedabodydonationregistryin1999.3.常用过去完成时的固定句型：...Myparentswereveryanxiousaboutme，becauseitwasthefirsttimethatIhadlived（live）abroadalone.4.表示"希望、认为、打算"的动词（如hope，want，expect，think，mean，plan，intend等）用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现。[天津高考，2]Ihadhoped（hope）tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage，butIcouldn’tmanageit.九、过去将来时（would/shoulddo）1.表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。Margretpromisedthatshewouldcall（call）uswhenshewentbacktoWashington.2.三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构：wasWeweregoingtohaveabarbecuebuttherainruinedourplan.我们打算露天烧烤，但因为下雨，计划泡汤了。Isawthesoupwasabouttoboilover，soIturnedthegasoff.我看到汤快要溢出来，所以我关掉了煤气。Atcollege，BarackObamadidn’tknowthathewastobeethefirstAfricanAmericanpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.在上大学时，贝拉克·奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一位非洲裔总统。十、现在完成进行时（have/hasbeendoing）1.表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。常与thesedays，recently，lately，inthepast/last＋时间段，since＋时间点，for＋时间段等连用。[2020天津，2]—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It’sbecauseIhavebeenpractising（practise）alotthesedays.2.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我们常常见面。1.ImpressedbythebeautyofadesertbesidetheYellowRiver，WangWeistoppedoffandwrote（write）atimelessclassicpoem："Inthevastdesertrisesstraight，lonelysmoke；thegrand，longriverreflects（reflect）theroundsettingsun."2.Overthepastdecade，aglobalpushtoreducehungerandextremepovertyhasmarked（mark）somesignificantsuccess.3.Itwastimeformetotrymyhand，soItookupthebrush，dipped（dip）itintheink，andcarefullywrote"one"inChinese.4.Whenwereadapoem，weoftenimaginewhatthepoetswerethinking（think）whentheywroteorwhattheyweredoingatthetime.5.ForthepastfourdaysIhavebeentaking（take）partinadisabilityartsfestivalasamemberofachoir（合唱团）setupspeciallytoperformatthisfestival.Lookingforwardtothedayofperformance！6.Bythetimehewasfourteenyearsold，Einsteinhadlearned/hadlearnt（learn）advancedmathematicsallbyhimself.7.Ifwekeepondoingthispractice，gradually，wewilllearn（learn）howtoexpressourselvesinEnglishbetter.8.Justinapologizedtohisteacherandpromisedthathewouldcorrect（correct）hismistakes.9.Ihadexpected（expect）toattendanotherlecturebuttimedidn’tpermit.10.—Hi，let’sgoskating.—Sorry，I’mbusyrightnow.Iamfilling（fill）inanapplicationformforanewjob.11.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteaching（teach）aclassatthattime.12.Ibelievethatallyourhardworktodaywillpay（pay）offinthefuture.13.Alicewaswhispering（whisper）astorytoherdaughterinthesittingroomwhensheheardasharpscream.14.Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers，Ihavegotten（get）plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.15.AsChina’slargestpandabreedingcenter，Chengduattracts（attract）tensofmillionsofpandaloverseveryyear.考点二动词的语态一、被动语态的构成现在过去将来一般时态am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedone进行时态am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone—完成时态has/havebeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendoneDuetotheideallocation，YellowCraneTowerwasbuilt（build）bySunQuanasawatchtowerforhisarmy.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea，whichiscalled（call）thePacific，andwemetnostorms.Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewarded（reward）withsuccessintheend.Shakespeare’splayHamlethasbeenadapted（adapt）fordifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading，onlytobetoldthatitwasbeingdecorated（decorate）.二、无被动语态的动词（短语）1.不及物动词（短语）：happen，occur，takeplace，remain，runout，breakout等。2.少数及物动词（短语）：lack，benefit，mean（意思是），belongto，sufferfrom，datebackto，consistof等。常考查其作非谓语的用法。Mrs.Smithsaysthesecrettoherbeautyliesinherspecialdiet，consisting（consist）oforganicvegetables，fruitandnutsgrowninherowngarden.Inthesixteenthcentury，fruitandvegetablesweretobefoundonlyingardensbelonging（belong）towealthypeople.三、主动形式表被动意义1."系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste等＋形容词/名词"。Thewaterfelt（feel）coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.2."need，require，want，beworth等＋ving"。Mywatchcan’twork；itneedsrepairing/toberepaired（repair）.It’sworthmaking（make）anappointmentbeforeyougo.3.read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，表示被动意义。Thenovelsells（sell）well，sothemanagerhasplacedanotherorderintheprintinghouse.1.Thiskindofclothhasbeensoldoutinnotimeatthetradefairbecauseitwashes（wash）veryeasily.2.Moreefforts，asreported，willbemade（make）intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupplysidestructuralreform.3.TheMidAutumnFestivalisaveryimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina，whichtakesitsnamefromthefactthatitiscelebrated（celebrate）inthemiddleofautumn.4.Thetowerwhichisbeingrestored（restore）willbeopentotouristssoon.Aswecansee，theworkisalmostfinished.5.Bythetimehewas30，hehadbeenregarded（regard）asoneoftheoutstandingsculptors.6.Ourfootballteamwasdefeated（defeat）bythevisitingteam，whichmadeourfanssadanddisappointed.7.Dr.Mantecahasmadeitclearthathisprivatecollectionswillbeleft（leave）totheNationalGalleryafterhedies.8.Currently，about35，000worksarebeingdisplayed（display）inover300roomsintheLouvre，andittakesalifetimetoseeeverything.9.TheChinesewritingsystemconsists（consist）ofthousandsofcharacters，eachwithitsownartisticstructureandstrokeorder（笔顺）.10.It’sapitythatfewstudentsnowadaysarekeenonreadingclassicswhichIthinkarereallyworthreading（read）.考点三主谓一致一、语法一致原则语法一致原则即主语和谓语动词在人称和单复数形式上保持一致。1.单个动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Althoughmedicalsciencehasachievedcontroloverseveraldangerousdiseases，whatworriesusis（be）thatsomeofthemarereturning.2.主语后接with，alongwith，togetherwith，like，except，but，besides，aswellas等时，谓语动词的单复数形式与这些词前的主语保持一致。Theoutstandingatmosphere，aswellasvariousactivities，hasdrawn（draw）manystudentstoourschoolthesethreeyears.3.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词保持一致。Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworkswhichwerewritten（write）bywritersinancienttimes.二、意义一致原则主语谓语动词1all，some，half，most，therest等或由其修饰与表达的实际意义一致some/half/most/therest/百分数/分数＋of＋名词与of后名词的数一致2alargenumberof＋复数名词（许多……）复数thenumberof＋复数名词（……的数量）单数3a（great/large）quantityof＋可数名词复数/不可数名词单、复数均可/单数（large）quantitiesof＋可数名词复数/不可数名词复数4"the＋形容词"表示一类人复数"the＋姓氏复数"表示一家人5表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等意义的复数名词作主语时，常当作整体来看单数6police，cattle等表示复数含义的有生命的集体名词复数7sheep，means，series，species等单复数同形的名词与表达的实际意义一致8audience，class，team，crew，family，group，mittee，population等作主语时指一个整体单数指组成集体的成员复数9and连接并列成分作主语时表示不同概念复数指同一人或物单数10manya/morethanone＋单数名词单数and连接的两个或多个主语前面有each，every，no等修饰Aboutthreequartersofthesurfaceoftheearthiscovered（cover）bywater.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials，therestofwhichweresaved（save）forotherpurposes.[2020天津，9]Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sandhasremained（remain）aroundthatleveleversince.Thereisnodoubtthateveryboyandeverygirlwishes（wish）toattendthepartytobeheldonSunday.Withthedevelopmentofmodernagricultureandindustry，largequantitiesofwastearecreated（create）everyday.Everyyear，alargequantityofmoneyisspent（spend）onenvironmentalprotection.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexpertsshowsthatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweekis（be）goodforone’shealth.Sofar，everypossiblemeanshasbeentried（try）tosavetheminerstrappedinthecoalmine.Thepopulationofourcountryisverylargeandabout36percentofitareruralresidents.（be）Thepoetandartistis（be）LinHua’sgrandfather.HetellsusalotaboutChineseliteratureandpainting.此处诗人和艺术家指的是同一人。Inthepastthreedays，manyasoldierhasbeensent（send）toHebeiProvincetohelpsavepeopletrappedintheflood.InChina，theyounghave（have）greatrespectfortheelders，becausetheChinesebelieve（believe）thatoldpeoplepossessmuchmorewisdom.三、就近一致原则1.由either...or...（或者……或者……），neither...nor...（既不……也不……，两者都不），notonly...butalso...（不但……而且……），or（或者），whether...or...（是……还是……），not...but...（不是……而是……）等连接的并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近的名词或代词保持一致。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsis（be）toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.NotonlyIbutalsoAlbertandMaryare（be）fondofphysics，whileRobertlikesmaths.2.there/herebe句型中有并列主语时，谓语动词be在数上与最靠近的主语保持一致。Thereis（be）aputerandthreechairsinmynewoffice.1.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthatis（be）awinnerofthescholarshipeveryyear.2.Overthepast3years，morethanonebookaboutspaceexplorationhasbeenpublished（publish）allovertheworld.3.Afterweeksofresearch，thisnewspeciesis/wasidentified（identify）aspartofthesauropod（蜥脚类恐龙）familyofdinosaurs.4.Thecoupleaswellastheirdaughterareenjoying（enjoy）themselvesintheparknow.5.Thus，bothofthemwere（be）worriedaboutwhathadhappenedandturnedtotheirheadteacherforhelp.6.Myvillage，wheretheclimateandthelandscapeare（be）pleasant，liesinthemountainsinsouthwestChina.7.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesofinternationalstudentsarearound$8，450ayear，whichisaburdenformanyfamilies.（be）8.Thefactisthatthereisonlyonecorrectanswertothisquestion.EitheryouorIam（be）wrong.9.Asurveyshowsthat80％ofthemiddleagedinthiscityare（be）infavouroftheproposalforhealthcarereform.10.Largequantitiesoffoodhavebeensent（send）tothefloodstrickenvictimsinthepastfewdays.11.Sofar，readinghasbee（bee）suchanimportantpartinmylifethatIcanhardlyimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutreading.12.Everypossiblemeanshasbeenused（use）topreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotclear.13.Thereareanumberofclubsinourschoolandthenumberofmembersisstillgrowing.（be）14.Whatisamazingabouttheseearthbuildingsis（be）thefactthatsomeofthemareover700yearsold，survivingnaturaldisasters，includingearthquakes.15.Heiscapableofdealingwithtoughproblemsandallofusarewillingtoworkwithhim.（be）考点四情态动词一、情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法例句can/could①表示能力，意为"能，会"。②表示客观可能性，意为"有时会；可能"。③表示推测，通常用于否定句和疑问句中，can比could语气强。Don’tworryyourselfaboutme，Icantakecareofmyself.你别担心我，我能照顾好自己。Shecan’tbeMary，becauseMaryisinhospital.她不可能是玛丽，因为玛丽住院了。may/might①表示请求和许可，意为"可以"。在疑问句中，might比may的语气更委婉。②表示推测，意为"可能"。通常用于肯定句和否定句中，might比may的可能性要小一些。—MightIgofishingwithyoutomorrow？明天我可以和你一起去钓鱼吗？—Yes，youmay/can.是的，你可以。shall表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。用于主语是第二人称或第三人称的陈述句中。TellJerryheshallgetagiftifhebehaveswell.告诉杰里，他如果表现得好，会得到一个礼物。should①表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为"应该"。②表示推测，意为"按理应当，估计"。③表示意外、惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等情绪，意为"竟然"。Youshouldlearntorespecttheelders.你应该学会尊重长辈。It’sstrange（that）youshouldsaythat.你这么说真奇怪。must①表示义务、必要性等，意为"必须"。在回答由must引起的一般疑问句时，若为否定回答，通常用needn’t或don’thaveto。②表示很有把握的肯定推测，通常用于肯定句中，意为"准是，肯定是"。③mustn’t表示"不许，禁止"，是强制的命令。—MustIhandinmypapernow？我现在必须交论文吗？—Yes，youmust./No，youneedn’t（＝don’thaveto）.是的，你必须。/不，你不必。will①表示意愿、意志。②表示请求。③表示习惯，意为"常常做某事"。④would/usedto表示过去的习惯。Whenmyparentswereaway，mygrandmotherwouldtakecareofme.我父母外出的时候，总是祖母照看我。need表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn’t表示"不必"。对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用must，作否定回答时用needn’t。Myroomisveryclean，andIneedn’tcleanittoday.我的房间很干净，我今天不需要打扫它了。dare意为"敢，胆敢"，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。Idaren’tsaywhatIthink.我不敢说出自己的想法。haveto表示客观需要，意为"必须，不得不"。Youhavetobebackbefore10o’clockbecausethetrainleavesat10：05.你必须在10：00前回来，因为火车10：05发车。二、情态动词＋havedone对过去的推测musthavedone过去一定做过……can/could（not）havedone过去（不）可能做过……may/mighthavedone过去可能做过……对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备couldhavedone本能够做（却未做）……shouldhavedone本该做（却未做）……mighthavedone本可以做（却未做）……needn’thavedone本不必做（却做了）……Whatapity！Consideringhisabilityandexperience，hecouldhavedone（do）better.It’s9：00now.Jennyshouldhavefinished（finish）herhomework.用适当的情态动词填空（必要时加not）1.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim？—Don’tworry.Hemay/mightnote.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainabouthisplans.2.Ican’tthankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.3.Idon’tthinkyoushouldgiveupbecauseyouhavebeenpractisingforsolong！4.Whenheworkedthere，hewouldhaveawalkalongtherivereverymorning.5.Youknowhewon’tletusleaveearlyifwedon’tgettheworkdone.6.Inmyopinion，youshouldleavehimaloneforthetimebeingtoallowhimtocalmdown.7.Youmustn’tplaywiththeknife，oryoumayhurtyourself.8.—MustIfinishthejobthisFriday？—No，youneedn’t.Youmayfinishitbefore6：00pm.9.Itmusthaverainedlastnight，fortheroadisquitemuddy.10.Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswill/should/shallsurelybepunished.考点五虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气对事实的假设if从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反的假设过去式（be用were）should/would/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反的假设had＋过去分词should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反的假设过去式（be用were）wereto＋动词原形should＋动词原形should/would/could/might＋动词原形Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenput（put）touse，thetragedythismorningwouldneverhavehappened.二、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是暗含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中。最常用的表达有：without，or，otherwise，butfor等。—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber？—No.Otherwise，Ishould/would/could/mighthavebeen（be）abletoreachheryesterday.三、表示"命令、建议、要求等"的动词或名词后的从句中的虚拟语气[（should＋）动词原形]1.常见的此类动词有：一坚持（insist），二命令（order，mand），三建议（suggest，advise，propose），四要求（require，request，demand，desire）。Heinsistedthatshewas（be）seriouslyillandthatshe（should）besent（send）tohospitalatonce.Theyadvisethatyou（should）carry（carry）apassportatalltimes.Itissuggestedthatsunscreen（should）beapplied（apply）everyonetotwohoursinasunnyday.提示1.insist作"坚决要求，坚持"讲时，用来表示一种要求、请求，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气；而insist作"坚持认为，坚持说"讲时，用于陈述一种看法、实情，其后的从句用陈述语气。Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.他坚持认为他是无辜的。2.suggest作"建议"讲时，用来表示一种意见，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气；而suggest作"表明，暗示"讲时，用于陈述一种实际情况，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasafraud.他说的话表明他是个骗子。2.常见的此类名词有：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，requirement，order，demand，desire等。Mysuggestionwasthatschools（should）take（take）necessarymeasurestokeepthechildrenawayfromviolenceinschools.Hegavetheorderthatalltheguests（should）begreeted（greet）warmlyastheyarrived.四、固定句式中的虚拟语气现在过去将来wish后的宾语从句过去式（be常用were）had＋过去分词would/should/could/might＋动词原形ifonly引导的条件状语从句或感叹句过去式（be常用were）had＋过去分词would/could＋动词原形asif/asthough引导的从句过去式（be常用were）had＋过去分词would/could/might＋动词原形Itis（high）timethat...过去式或"should＋动词原形"Thepillsmighthavehelpedhim，ifonlyhehadtaken（take）themregularly.IwishIwould/should/could/mightclimb（climb）theGreatWallwithyoutomorrow，butI’mpreparingfortheingexam.Sheissokeenonbeautifyingherselfies（自拍照片）thatshelooksasifshewere（be）tenyearsyoungerinthephotos.1.Itissuggestedthatparents（should）limit（limit）children’sscreentime.2.Iftheambulancehadeheresoonerlastnight，thepatientwould/should/could/mightbe（be）alivenow.3.IwishIwere（be）anarchitectbecausethenIwouldbeabletodesignmyownhouse.4.Theywould/should/could/mighthavearrived（arrive）atlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.5.Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek？Ifyouhadtold（tell）me，Icouldhavehelped.6.Bobwould/should/could/mighthavehelped（help）usyesterda