北京市东城区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题2

高二英语2025.1本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共三节，36分)第一节完形填空(共8小题;每小题1.5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ItwasaMondaynightandIwasextremelyupset.TwomonthsearlierIhad___1___toCanada,lookingforfunandadventure.WithinacoupleofweeksIknewI’dmadea/an___2___.EverywhereIwastoldIshouldn’tuseEnglishtermssuchaslift,bootorbiscuit.IwasinCanadanowsoIhadtospeaktheCanadianway.AtworkeverythingthatIsaidorIdidwasn’t“Canadian”.Ifoundmyselfa“strangeforeigner”toothers.Enoughwasenough;I___3___andwasgoinghome.Having___4___mybags,Idecidedtomakethebestofmylastnight,andwenttovolunteeratalocalfirstaidcenter.ThateveningIwaspairedwithaCanadianyoungmannamedLarry.Wehadtopracticeturningtheinjuredontheirside.Ihadn’tseentheCanadianmethodsoIdidintheEnglishway.LarrywatchedmeandIexpected___5___aboutEnglishways.Icouldn’tbearthat,sobeforehecouldstartIsaid,“I’msorry,butit’sthe___6___wayIknow.”Hepausedforamoment,lookedatmeandsaid,“Youknow,whatyoudid___7___.It’sjustasgoodastheCanadianmethodandachievesexactlythesameresult.Justdowhatyouknow.”Iwassurprised.Thenhesmiledatmeandsaid,“It’sOK,”andsuddenlyitwas.Iwenthomeandunpackedmybags.Larry,whogavemeback___8___inmyself,broughtsunshinebackintomylife.1.A.returned B.immigrated C.escaped D.adapted2.A.mistake B.difference C.decision D.inference3.A.droppedin B.setout C.gaveup D.tookoff4.A.sold B.packed C.found D.taken5.A.ments B.thoughts C.observations D.predictions6.A.quick B.easy C.only D.new7.A.fails B.changes C.ends D.works8.A.patience B.faith C.promise D.quality第二节语法填空(共8小题;每小题1.5分，共12分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WangYongzhi,apioneerofChina’smannedspaceprogram,wassawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic___9___September29th,2024.In1986,asheadofthegeneraldesigndepartment,WangguidedthedesignoftheLongMarchrocketandalsoplayedaleadingroleinProject863,____10____wasanationalhightechproject.Heandhiscolleaguescarriedoutover300largegroundtests,and____11____(overe)20technicalchallenges.Finally,theLongMarch2Emadeitssuccessfulflight.Wangpassedawayin2024.____12____helefttouswerehundredsofnotebooksandmorethanadozenpiecesoforalhistoriesabouthiswork.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Weusebothwordsandbodylanguagetoexpressourthoughtsandopinionsinourinteractionswithotherpeople.Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguage____13____(vary)fromculturetoculture.Whenused____14____(appropriate),bodylanguageservesasapowerfultooltobuildtrustbetweenpeople.Therefore,itisessentialtoknowtheculturaldifferencesinbodylanguage.Forexample,inChina,____15____(make)eyecontactwhentalkingwithsomeoneisawaytodisplayrespect.However,insomeMiddleEasterncountries,itisimpolite.Knowingthese,wecanavoid____16____(cause)misunderstandingsandconflict,andusebodylanguagemoreeffectively.第三节翻译句子(共6小题;每小题2分，共12分)请将下面的中文句子翻译成英文，翻译时须运用括号内所给的词汇。请将答案书写在答题卡相应位置。17.和朋友保持联系很重要。(keepintouch)(汉译英)______________________________________________________18.明天这个时候，我们将正在国家公园里骑车。(cycle)(汉译英)______________________________________________________19.成为一名志愿者想法吸引了我。(appealto)(汉译英)______________________________________________________20.袁隆平为解决粮食问题奉献了一生。(devote)(汉译英)______________________________________________________21.据估计，60%的学生参加过社会活动。(estimate;getinvolvedin)(汉译英)______________________________________________________22.据我所知，他们已经说服教授接受了邀请。(persuade)(汉译英)______________________________________________________第二部分阅读理解(共两节，32分)第一节(共11小题;每小题2分，共22分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACreatingasmarthomeiseasierthanever.Smarthomedeviceshavebeemoreaffordableandeasiertosetupthaninyearspast.Herearesomeofthetopsmarthomedevicesoftheyear.PhilipsHueStarterKitpatible(兼容的)withsomerelevantappsonyoursmartphoneforvoicecontrolandintegration,PhilipsHueStarterKithaseverythingyouneedtomakeyourlightssmarter.Userscancontrolthelightsremotelywherevertheyusetheapp.Onebuyersaid,“LovethatIcanswitchonlightsremotelyandchangethecolorsoftheroomfromanapponthephone.”NestThermostat(恒温器)Withreliableperformance,theNestThermostathasproventobeoneofbestproductsever.Itenablesyoutocontrolyourhome’stemperaturefromyoursmartphone,andprogramittoenterenergyefficientmodewhenyouleavethehouse.Onebuyerremarked,“Oneofitsoutstandingfeaturesisitsabilitytolearnyourpreferencesandautomaticallyadjustsettingstokeepyoufortable.”AutomaticCurtainOpenerThesmartcurtainissuitableforbedrooms,livingrooms,offices,babyrooms,andmore.Itsupgradedmotorensuressmoothoperationevenonheavycurtains(upto15KG),perfectforthickcurtainmaterials.Meanwhile,itssilentmodeenablesyourdevicetooperatebelow25dB(分贝),allowingyourcurtainstodriftslowerandquieter,greatforwakingupinthemorningandperfectforthosewithsleepdisordersorpeoplewhoaresensitivetosound.Thisenvironmentallyfriendlydeviceiseasytouseandsaveselectricity.Userscanusethemobileapptomanagecurtainopening,closing,andopenpercentage.Voicemandsarealsoaccepted.23.WhatcantheNestThermostatdo?A.Saveenergy. B.Changetheusers’habits.C.Operateinasilentmode. D.Correcttheusers’sleepingdisorder.24.Allthethreeproducts________.A.supportvoicecontrol B.providecustomerserviceC.canlearntheusers’preferences D.canbecontrolledfromthesmartphoneBIt’saSaturdaymorningandI’mjustfourmetresfromtheground,clingingto(抓紧)awall.I’vereachedthetopandcan’tfindafootholdtostartbackdown.Myheartisbeatingfastandmywholebodyiscold.Icouldjustletgoanddroptothethick,softsafetymats(垫子)below;butalthoughIknowthatwouldn’thurt,somehowitseemsincredible.Iamheretofindoutwhysomanypeoplearefallinginlovewithindoorclimbing.Itisreportedthatthereareover35millionclimbersworldwide,andintheUKalonethenumbersaregrowingby15—20%ayear.So,what’stheattraction?“Ifinditreallyhardnottothinkaboutworkallthetime,”saysPaulLennon,whohasbeenclimbingfortwoyears.“ThewallistheoneplacewhereIdon’tevenneedtotrytoswitchoff.Youjustfocusonwhatyou’redoingandit’sveryrelaxing.There’slotsofproblemsolving,workingoutwheretoputyourhandsandfeet.Thementaleffortdistractsyoufromdoingmuchelse.”Anotherthingthatinterestsme,isthenumberofwomeninthisactivity.“It’snonthreatening,andyoudon’tneedtobeagreatathletetodoit.”says24yearoldYasmine,whohasbeenclimbingforthreeyears.“Idon’tfeelatadisadvantage,andIknowsomeotherwomenclimbersfeellikeme.Ifatallstrongguydoestheclimbwithaonearmpullup,Icandoitbystretchingoutoneofmylegsandbalancingonahold.MyyearsofgymnasticswhenIwasatschoolhavereallyhelped.AlthoughI’mshortandlookrelativelyweakparedwithothers,I’vegotalegupinotherways.”WhenIeventuallyunfreezeandmakeitbackdowntoearth,Inoticeanineyearoldgirl.SheseemsmuchmorematureinthedecisionmakingandteamworkingskillsthanIwouldnormallyexpectfromchildrenofherage.Havinglearnedthatshehasbeentoclassesforabouttwoyears.Idecidetohaveanothergo!25.Reachingthetopofthewall,theauthorfeels________.A.bored B.disappointed C.depressed D.frightened26.PaulLennonlikeswallclimbingbecauseithelpshim________.A.builduphisbody B.findthemeaningoflifeCgetawayfromwork D.solvephysicalproblems27.AccordingtoYasmine,whatisheradvantageinwallclimbing?A.Bodyflexibility. B.Teamworkspirit.C.Teachingexperience. D.Professionalknowledge.CIt’struethatthere’ssomethingpleasantandtrustworthyaboutasmile—butthiscanbemisleading.Digalittledeeperandyouwillfindthatthesmileisactuallyoneofthebiggestfakesgoing.Weallputonasmilenowandagaintofortourfellowhumansandavoidunnecessaryconflict.Weallsuppose,however,thatagenuine(真诚的)smileoftrueenjoymentissomethingverydifferent.Infact,ithasbeengivenaname:theDuchennesmile.Thissmileusesthemusclesaroundtheeyestoliftthecheeks,producingwrinklesaroundtheeyes,andhaslongbeenheldasaninimitable(不可仿效的)signoftruehumanemotion.Oratleastitwasuntil2013,whenresearchersfromBostondestroyedthatsaying.Intheirstudy,onegroupofvolunteerswereaskedtoreproducesmilesshowninphotographs,andanothergrouptoevaluatewhetherthefirstgroup’ssmilesweregenuineSomeofthephotographsshowedmouthonlysmiles,butothersshowedsmilesusingbothmouthandeyemuscles.Twothirdsofindividualsturnedouttobeabletofakeasupposedlygenuinesmile,andtheywerealsoabletodothiswellintheireverydaylives.ThesefindingsindicatethateventhesupposedlygenuineDuchennesmilecanbeconvincinglysimulated.Somuchforsmilingbeinganinimitablesignoftruehumanemotion.Butwhyaresomepeoplesogoodatthiskindofsimulation?Theanswerisn’tnecessarilyevilorharmful.Infact,moreresearcheshavedemonstratedthatyoucanactuallysmileyourselfintoabettermood.Fakeornot,puttingonaDuchennesmilemaybejustthemedicinetofightagainstphysicalandmentaldifficulties.Thesmile,then,canbeafalsefriend.Peoplesmile—ornot—forallkindsofreasonsbeyondsimplyhowhappytheyarefeeling.But,asthesayinggoes,ifyoucan’tbeatthem,jointhem.Nexttimeyou’rehavingyourphotographtaken,don’tsay“cheese”;say“cheeks”.Saying“cheeks”willnotonlyshapeyourmouthnicely,butwillalsoremindyoutosqueezeyourcheeksupwardsintoavisuallysatisfying,genuinelookingDuchennesmile.28.TheBostonresearchers’studyprovesthat________.A.smilesdon’thelpwithmunicationB.notallgenuinelookingsmilesshowtrueenjoymentC.theDuchennesmilecan’tbereplacedbyotherexpressionsD.thevolunteerswithtruesmileswon’tgetupseteasilyindailylife29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“simulated”inParagraph4mean?A.Adjusted. B.Spread. C.Pretended. D.Tested.30Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardfalsesmiles?A.Reserved. B.Hesitant. C.Accepting. D.Negative.DItisoneofthebiggestquestionsinenvironmentalprotection:Shouldwebesharingourlandscapeswithnaturebyrestoringsmallwoodlandsandadoptingsmallsizeecofriendlyfarming?Orshouldweinsteadbesparinglargeareasoflandfornature—bycreatingmorenationalparksandindustrializingagricultureonexistingfarmland?Theargumentbetween‘sparing’and‘sharing’begandecadesago.Leadingtoday’sargumentforthesparersistheresearcherBeniaminPhalan,whobelievesthatbyproducingmorefoodperunitoffarmarea,morelandwouldbeavailableforwildlife.HelookedattherelationshipbetweencropyieldsandthenumberofbirdandtreespeciesintheforestsinAfricaandAsia,andfoundthatbiodiversitydidbestwhereintensifiedcroppingleftspaceforunfarmedhabitatsHeconcludedthat“mostspecieswillhavelargerpopulationsiffoodisproducedonassmallanareaaspossible,whilesparingaslargeanareaofnatureaspossible.”Gameover?Notsofast.Aleadingsupporterofwildlifefriendlyfarming,ClaireKremenoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,haseoutfighting.ShesaysthatPhalan’sfindings“don’tassessthelongtermconsequencesofisolating(孤立)speciesinprotectedareas.”Herresearchshowsthat“evenverylargeprotectedareaswilllosespeciesiftheyremainisolatedovertime.”Sointhelongrun,sparingwon’tsparemorelandfornatureconservationorfeedtheworldforever.Toavoidmassextinctionandecosystembreakdown,wemustintegratebiodiversityprotectionintothelandscapeweuse.So,sparingorsharing?Infact,agriculturalintensificationwon’tdelivermorelandfornatureunlesstherearetoughrulestoprotectlandnotyetfarmed.Inthe19thcentury,moreefficientcoalpoweredenginesdidnotreducecoalburningbutmassivelyincreaseditbykickstartingtheindustrialrevolution.Followingthatexample,theresultofagriculturalintensificationwillprobablybemorelandtobefarmed.Naturedoesnotrecognizetheboundariesofnationalparks.WhethermigratingelephantsinKenyaormonarchbutterfliesinNorthAmerica,muchnatureexistsinhumanmadeagriculturallandscapes.Recentresearchsuggeststhatsimplyreservinglandwillremoveallthreatstoveryfewspecies—only3percentinfact.Sothepotentialtosharethelandwithoutgivingupnature’slastwildplacesismuchgreaterthanoncethought.LikewhatKremensays,“Wecanspare50percentandsharetherest.”31.Whatwillthesparersprobablyagreewith?A.Relyingonbirdstogetridofpests.B.Protectinginsectsbyorganicfarming.C.Erasingtheboundariesofnationalparks.D.Enlargingthesizeofnaturallygrowingforests.32.WhydoestheauthormentionthecoalpoweredenginesinParagraph4?A.Toanalysetheconsequenceoftheindustrialrevolution.B.Toremindusofthepossibleriskofintensifiedcropping.C.Topresentanexampleoffailureinenvironmentalprotection.D.Topareagriculturalintensificationwithwildlifefriendlyfarming.33.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A.Howtoquiettheargumentaboutecofriendlyfarming.B.Howtobalanceenvironmentalpprotectionandagriculture.C.Howtotacklethechallengeofpreventingecosystembreakdown.D.Howtoreduceenvironmentaldamagecausedbymixedagriculture.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余选项。Oneofthemajorproblemsforscientistsliesinmunicatingthevalueofresearchtothegeneralpublic.____34____Inordertomunicatenewscientificdevelopmentseffectively,universitiesandresearchinstitutesnowtrytomakepressreleasesuserfriendly.Thesepressreleasesaretargeteddtothegeneralpublic,includinginformationaboutriskaswellasthelimitationsofaparticularsciencestudy.Thedevelopmentofblogshashelpedinbringingscienceclosertothepublic.Sciencebloggersgenerallyfocusonareasofsciencethattheyarebothpassionateandknowledgeableabout._____35_____Anditisthisthatperhapsmostattractsmembersofthepublic.Ed’sPopularScience,forinstance,isfilleddwiththewriter’spassionanddowntoearthattitudetowardsscience.Hischatty,youthfulstyleattractsawiderangeofreaders.____36____EarlypioneersincludeJacquesCousteau,whosebeautifullyfilmeddocumentariesopeneduptheoceanstomillions.ThisquicklyrealisedthepotentialofTVtomakescienceealiveforviewers.Othersciencedocumentaryfilms,suchastheBBCTVseriesWondersoftheSolarSystem,haveeagerlyfollowedsuit.____37____Forexample,scientistsareofferedvideoservicestocreateonlinepresentationsoftheirresearch.Nevertheless,despitethisprogress,municationstillremainsoneofscience’sbiggestproblems.Somescientistsoftenunderestimatetheimportanceoftheabilitytounderstandandeffectivelyusevariousformsofmedia.____38____Perhapsitistimethatuniversitiesaddressedthisproblem,andthoughtaboutaddingmunicationstrainingtothecurriculum.A.Televisionhasalsoboostedtheimageofscience.BThisbringsscienceintothefieldofpopularculture.C.Theyoftenwriteaboutscienceinanaccessible,livelymanner.D.ThepowerofvisualmediaviatheInternethasalsobeenused.E.Thereisatendencyamongscientiststowardsoldfashionedresearchapproach.F.Consequentlypublicattentionandsupportfortheirresearchmaybemissedout.G.Scientificorganisationshaveealongwayindevelopingwaystomakesciencemoreaccessibletononspecialistgroups.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第39、40题各2分，第41题3分，第42题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Thegrowthmindsetisabeliefsystemthatpromotestheideathatabilitiesandintelligencecanbedevelopedwithtime,effort,anddevotion.Theseareallaspectsofyourselfthatcangrowandimproveovertime.Accordingtoaresearch,theconceptofa“growthmindset”isashiftfromthetraditional“fixedmindset.”Individualswithafixedmindsetbelievetheirabilitiesareunchangeable.Thiscanbringaboutselfcreatedbarriersandlimitpersonalgrowth.Incontrast,peoplewithagrowthmindsetwelechallenges,andbelievethattheirpotentialisunlimited.Theyunderstandthatintelligenceandskillcanbedeveloped.Developingagrowthmindsetiscrucialbecauseitbuildstoughness,promoteslearning,andfuelssuccess.Itencouragesyoutoviewchallengesasopportunities,improvingadaptabilityandproblemsolvingskills.Havingagrowthmindsetcantransformthewayyouapproachchallengesandsetbacks,leadingtohigherlevelsofachievementandsatisfaction.Animportantstepondevelopingagrowthmind