高一英语初高中衔接专题四数词冠词考点集汇讲解和训练

专题四：数词、冠词考点集汇，讲解和训练一.冠词的用法冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。A(an)叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。1.不定冠词的用法(1)a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：Johnisastudent.MaryisanEnglishteacher.(2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:Asteelworkermakessteel.Passmeanapple,please.(3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或和物。例如：Astudentwantstoseeyou.Agirliswaitingforyououtside.(4)表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如：Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.2.定冠词用法(1)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Openthedoor,please.Jackisinthelibrary.(3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如：YesterdayJohn’sfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecosthim200yuan.(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.(6)用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如：Thenurseiskindtothesick.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.(7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如：theGreatWall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopenair等。(8)用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如：theBrowns,thewhites等。3.不用冠词的情况(1)某些专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如：China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。(2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时，不用冠词。例如：Thatismycap.Ihavesomequestions.Godownthisstreet.(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不用冠词。Theyareworkers.Wearestudents.(4)称呼语前不用冠词，表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如：Idon’tfeelwelltoday,Mother.BushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S.(5)三餐饭的名称前，球类活动，学科和节目名词前，常不用冠词。例如：Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplaysfootballafterclass.WehaveEnglishandmathseveryday.(6)在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。例如：Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。二.数词的用法数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。1.基数词的用法(1)基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如：ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.（主语）Howmanywouldyoulike？Three，please．（作宾语）

ThenineboysarefromTianjing.（定语）

Sixplusfouristen.（表语）

Wefourwillgowithyou.（同位语）

(2)表示一个具体数字时，hundred,thousand,million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.Theyarrivedintwosandthrees．(3)表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如：Heisinhisearlythirties．Hediedstillinhisforties．Thistookplaceinthe1930s．(4)表示时刻用基数词。例如：Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.(5)表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve(6)表示“几点差几分”用介词to,但分数须在半小时以上。例如：twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten(7)表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty2.序数词的用法（1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如：Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets．

Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor．（2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如：We'llhavetodoitasecondtime．ShallIaskhimathirdtime？

WhenIsatdown，afourthmanrosetospeak．（3）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth。（4）表示年，月，日时，年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如：1949年十月一日读作2004年九月十日读作：（5）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加s。例如：threefourths,onesecond,twofifths（6）序数词有时用缩写形式：

first→1st

second→2nd

third→3rd

fourth→4th

twentysecond→22nd【演练】1.ThismorningIhad________eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast.A.anB.aC.theD./2.What’sthematterwithyou?Icaught________badcoldandhadtostayin________.A.a;/B.a;theC.a;aD.the;the3.Haveyouseen_______pen?Ileftitherethismorning.Isit________blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a4._______sunisshiningbrightly.A.AB.AnC.TheD./5.Thereis_______“h”inthewordhour.A.aB.theC.anD./6.DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihad_______wonderfultime.A.aB.anC.theD./7.______sunisbiggerthan_______earth.A.A;theB.A;anC.The;anD.The;the8.Thereis_______appleandsomepearsonthetable.A.theB./C.aD.an9.Davidhas_______cat.It’sverynice.A.aB.anC.theD./10.I’mreading_______novel.Itis_______interestingstory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;an11.ItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethan________peopleworldwide.A.threehundredsB.threehundreds’C.threehundred’sD.threehundred12.Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?Therearetwo__________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof13.Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?_______________.A.TwothirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Threefourths14.Whatdoyouthinkofawar,LiMing?I’venoidea.Butit’safactthat_______peoplehadtoleavetheirhometownduringtheWaronIraq.A.threethousandsB.thousandofC.thousandsofD.severalthousands15.Weallthinkthatthe_______centurywillbringusmorehopes.A.twentyfirstB.twentiethfirstC.twentyoneD.twentiethone16.Canyouwritethenumbereightyfivethousand,sixhundredandtwentysix?Yes,itis__________.A.856620B.85626C.58662D.5862617.Whenwasthe