定语从句理论

定语从句理论：1.先行词：名词或代词1.Theboywhoissleepingismynephew.2.Thisisthebookwhichmyunclegivesme.2.关系词关系代词关系副词3.用法（一）EG:（1）Thisisanoldcomputer.Itworksmuchslower.Thisisanoldcomputerwhich/thatworksmuchslower.(2)Thoseshallbepunished.Thosebreaktherules.Thosewhobreaktherulesshallbepunished.（二）who/whom,whose,which,that作宾语或表语时可省略，作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若提前需要用which,whom等来代替。（三）关系副词：when,where,why,howWhen(time,day,month,year)Where(place,city,Beijing)=inwhichWhy(reason)=forwhich4.Which用法(1)Which在定语从句中作定语时它所修饰的名词是对先行词的内容起概括作用的名词，如time,fact,reason,city,case等，有时若定语从句表示“从属关系要用of”Eg:Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.他在大学带了四年，在此期间他学了法语。Sheisstudyingeconomics,whichknowledgeisveryimportanttoday.她在学经济学，经济学知识今天很重要。In1960hecametoLondon,inwhichcityhehaslivedeversince.1960年他来到伦敦，从此在该城一直住到现在。Thebookcontains50poems,mostofwhichwerewritteninthe1930’s.这本书里有50首诗，大部分写于20世纪30年代。Hewenttoawineshop,theownerofwhichwillsoonbepublished.(2)which和不定式连用作定语的用法介词+whichtodo放在名词后作定语起到了定语从句的作用Eg:Hispencilwithwhichtodrawpictureswasbroken.他的用来绘画的铅笔折了。Hispencilwithwhichhedrewpictureswasbroken.(3)which可用作表语，既可指人又可指物Which指人时，一般指从事某种职业或有某种特征，品质或才能的人，用which表示集体的整体，用who表示集体中的各个成员。Thebasketballteam,whichisplayingverywell,willcomeoutfirst.Thebasketballteam,whoisplayingverywell,willcomeoutfirst.5.whose用法Whose在定语从句中作定语，指物时可以与ofwhich互换，指人时可以与ofwhom互换，whose在定语从句中既可限定又可非限定Theriverwhosebanks(注意无定冠词)arecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.=theriverofwhichthebanksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.6.who用法（1）先行词指人的不定代词：one,noone,all,anyone,nobody,anybody,none,those,he,they,onesThosewhohavegoodmannerswillberespected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的尊重（2）两个定语从句中一个已用that时，另一个用whoTheboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesverymuch.你昨晚见到的那个学习很努力的男孩是组长（3）therebe句式中若有定语从句时宜用who7.whom引导的定语从句修饰人，在限制性定语从句中宾语，可以省略，whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语不能省略8.that用法（1）当先行词是all,much,little,few等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时（2）当先行词是be后面的表语或关系代词本身在从句中作表语时Heisnotthemanthathewas.(3)当主句以here,there开头时Eg:Hereisthebookthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillnottaken.(4)当先行词theonly,/very/last.Thesame等词修饰时（5）当先行词是序数词，形容词最高级（6）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicscannotjoinelectricwire?(7)当先行词既指人的词又有指物的同时Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestin.(8)先行词前面有thesame作定语时，通常用关系代词as，表示与先行词为同一类的东西。若用关系代词that则表示与先行词为同一物品或同一事情。ThisisthesamebookasIreadlastweek.(同类)这和我上周读的那本书是一样的ThisisthesamebookthatIreadlastweek.（同一个）这就是我上周读的那本书但如果先行词表示抽象概念则没有这种区别Shetoldmethesamestoryas/thatshehadtoldyou.(9)that作宾语或表语时，可省略。作主语不能省略Iwillneverforgettheday(that)Ispentinthecountry.Thetrainthathasjustleftisforshanghai.(10)that有时可以用作关系副词That有时可以代替关系副词when,where或why等引导定语从句表时间地点原因。That在从句中作状语可以省略。Eg:sheknowstheplacethat/wherehestays.Doyourememberthedaythat/whenhearrived?Thespeedthat/atwhichheisdrivingis80milesanhour.That有时可以在定语从句中宾语补足语Sheisnolongertheattractive,pleasantgirl(that)wethoughther.她不再是我们过去所认为的那个引人注目，快乐的小女孩了That不能引导非限制性定语从句，不能跟在介词后作介词宾语Eg:thisisthehouseinwhichmyfatheroncelived.(不用that)Thisisthehousethatmyfatheroncelivedin.(that作介词in的宾语，但没跟在介词后，可以使用)9.but引导限制性定语从句，在从