什么是发挥功能的设计

Thegood,thebad,andtheugly

Whatworksandwhatdoesn’t?

好、坏、丑

什么是发挥功能的设计，什么不是？Whatworks?

什么是发挥功能的设计？BioretentionSystem(afterrain)

生态草沟系统（雨后）TrinkausResidence–Southbury,CTBioretention生态滞留Facilityhandles2,800sq.ft.ofroadrunoff每个设施处理2800平方英尺的道路径流Facilityis4’x9’x10”deep设施大小为4英尺x9英尺

x10英寸

深Neverovertoppedin2years两年中从未发生溢流Locatedin“B”soils安置在“B”级土壤总Soilmediais50

%sand&50%leafcompost土壤介质由50%沙土和50%落叶组成Pondedsurfacedrainsdowninlessthan4hoursafterrainfall积水在降雨后4小时排干Southbury,CT–TrinkausEngineeringScarificationofNativeSoils

移除原土HarwintonSportsComplex–TrinkausEngineeringScarificationandPlacementofReservoirLayer

用介质储水层代替原土HarwintonSportsComplex–TrinkausEngineeringInstallationofunderdrain/overflowpipe&gravel

埋设盲管/溢流管和砾石HarwintonSportsComplex–TrinkausEngineeringNewlyConstructedBioretention

新完工的生态滞留系统Source:SeanHayden(NCD)ForebayforBioretention

生态滞留系统的前池Source:SeanHayden(NCD)WorkingBioretention

正在发挥功能的生态滞留系统Source:SeanHayden(NCD)GoodBioretentionSystem

好的生态滞留系统CTDEPPhotoGrassStrip草地种植带LedgebrookLane–Southbury,CT,S.TrinkausRoadhas2-3%slopefromlefttorightinpicture图片中左边的道路具有2-3%的坡度Topsoilforstripset2”belowelevationatedgeofpavement种植带覆土标高比铺面边缘低2英寸Inplacesince2001withnoissues自2001年完工至今无任何问题发生Winchester–Connecticut

StormwaterRetrofits

Winchester–Connecticut雨水管理设施改造Excavationandfiltermediaplacement

开挖、使用滤介质代替原土Channelshaping&Placementofbioretentionsoilmedia挖出渠道并用生态介质代替原有土壤Removalofoldriprap将原有护坡去除Filtermediaplacement

铺设生态介质Soilmedia介质土壤Stonecheckdams拦沙坝Nativeplants本地植物15”concretepipeoutlet15英寸混凝土出水口Padofripraptodissipateflows石块抵消冲刷侵蚀Permeablepavement

透水铺面ConstructionProcess

施工过程Permeablepavementwaslastthingdoneatsite,透水铺面是整个场地内进行施工的最后一项Allmajorinteriorworkonbuildingwascompleted,sonodeliverytruckswouldbegoingoverpavementsurface,建筑物内所有主要施工都已完成，因此没有卡车在铺面上开来开去Temperatureofmixatpointoftransferfromtrucktopaverwasaminimumof290degreesFarenheit(275to325isrequiredrange)从卡车到地面之间的沥青拌合最低温度为290华氏度（要求在275到325华氏之间）3tonrollerwasusedforinitialcompactionofmaterial,用3吨重的滚转机初步压实材料1tonrollerwasusedforfinalcompactionwheretemperatureofmixwas160degreesFarenheit当拌合温度降到160华氏时，用1吨重的滚转机最终压实材料Engineerwason-siteduringentireinstallationprocess施工过程中需要工程师全程在场监督ConstructionProcess

施工过程GravelBase

砾石底层GravelBase

砾石底层Pavementinstallation

安装铺面Pavementinstallation

安装铺面Pavementinstallation

安装铺面Pavementinstallation

安装铺面Finishedsurface

完成面Permeablepavement

透水铺面Whatdoesn’twork?

什么是没有发挥功能的设计？Bioretentionnexttowetland

湿地旁边的生态滞留系统Bottomofsystemis6”aboveobservedseasonalhighgroundwaterlevel生态滞留系统底部比观测到的地下水季节性高水位高6英寸Bottomofsystemis2’belowex.gradeinwetlands生态滞留系统底部比湿地高2英寸Bioretentionturnsintowetland

生态滞留系统变成了湿地Thislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去简单，但为什么出错了？Pondingmorethan3daysAFTERarainfallevent降雨后的积水时间长达3天Veryfewplants植物少的可怜Sitewasnotfullystabilizedpriortoinstallationoffacility安装雨水管理设施之前场地并没有稳定Nosizingcomputations没有计算设施的大小S.TrinkausPhotoBioretentiontuningintowetlands

生态滞留系统变成了湿地Usedoutdateddetailforconstruction施工图过旧，缺少细节Toomuchtopsoil表面覆土过多Useoffilterfabriccausesclogging使用土工布导致瘀堵Thislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去简单，但为什么出错了？Newlyinstalledsystem.Isthisgood?

新完成施工的设施，是好的设计吗？CopyrightTrinkausEngineering,LLCRainfallEventon9/2/12Newlyinstalledsystem

新完成施工的设施CopyrightTrinkausEngineering,LLC1weeklater–9/9/12PotentialProblems:PoorNaturalSoilsDesignCalculationinErrorIncorrectSoilMixture可能存在的问题：自然土质不好设计存在计算错误土壤配比有误18”ofPondedWater–Hasnotdrainedintwoweeks18英尺的积水两周都没有排完Onlyonetree只有一棵树Questionablesoilmedia,visualinspectionshowslargesiltcomponent土壤配比存在问题，靠肉眼检查即能看出土壤有大的黏土成分Overflowgratesetflushtosoilsurface–NOSTORAGEVOLUME溢流设施与土壤表面的标高一样----没有贮存空间EvergreenWalk–Windsor,CTS.TrinkausPhotoThislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去简单，但为什么出错了？Target/Lowes–Southington,CT,S.TrinkausphotoSystemislocatedonridgelineinparkingarea

–whatwaterwillentersystem?整个设施位于公园的高点---怎么会有水流进来？PitchThislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去简单，但为什么出错了？Runoffcanonlyenternearlowendofslopingfacility径流只有在靠近坡度终点的地方流进设施Runoffmustmake90-degreeturnintofacility径流进入设施时需要90度转弯Minimalstoragearoundoverflowgrate溢流设施附近要有小幅度的贮存空间EvergreenWalk–Windsor,CTCTDEPPhotoThislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去简单，但为什么出错了？EvergreenWalk–Windsor,CTS.TrinkausPhotoRunoffwillnotmakea90-degreeturnwhenflowingalongacurbline径流如果沿着路边线流，那么不会90度转弯Runoffcannotenterfacilitywithaccumulatedsedimentblockingtheentrance进水口处都被长期积累的杂质堵住，径流无法进入设施Thislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去简单，但为什么出错了？EvergreenWalk–Windsor,CTS.TrinkausPhotoWaterwillALWAYStakethepathofleastresistance!!!水永远沿着阻力最小的路径流动！！Thislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去简单，但为什么出错了？February3,2010Hydraulicgradeline

水力坡降线February2,2010Longreachesundersidewalksandflatstreetsmakegettingwaterintofacilitiesdifficult平整街道和人行道下的过长流段，使得径流难以进入设施CourtesyCityofPortlandHowdoesrunoffenterfacilitywhenslopeisparalleltocurb¬chisperpendiculartocurb??–WaterwillALWAYSfollowpathofLEASTresistance设施的坡度和路牙&切口的平行或垂直，水会怎么流？--水永远沿着阻力最小的路径流动UCONN,Storrs,CT;CTDEPPhotoThislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去简单，但为什么出错了？Dogroovesinpavementreallywork?Sedimentbuildupinnotch.Runoffbypassessystemasthepathof“least”resistanceisalonggutterline在路面上凿水槽真的有帮助吗？当水流动时带来沉积物，将水槽堵住。水流将绕过设施，而沿着排水沟流，因为那是阻力“最小”路径UCONN–Storrs,CT,CTDEPPhotosThislookseasy,whatcangowrong?

看上去简单，但为什么出错了？Traffic-calmingorroadhazard?

缓解交通还是造成道路危害？CourtesyCityofPortlandWheel-stop轮子停车位TrafficandParking

交通和停车WestbrookTrainStation1yearafte