2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (译林版)第06 讲 完形填空(知识讲解+名校新题练)(教师版)

第06讲完形填空目录新知导航：熟悉题型、掌握知识脉络基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用概述完形填空考查学生在阅读理解基础上运用词汇知识的能力。在一篇220-300词的短文中留出15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。以记叙文为主，兼顾夹叙夹议文，偶有议论文和说明文。记叙文以记叙为主，但一般会在文章结尾处有文章寓意等提升的议论色彩的文字。文章注重原汁原味，内容积极，贴近考生生活，传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。二技巧点拨通读全文，掌握文章主旨大意，重视首句，了解文章背景。找出文章中的时间，地点，人物，事件，起因，结果等线索，理清文章的脉络，弄清楚作者的写文章的思路和用意。(一)利用首句信息，了解文章主旨完形填空的文章第一句往往是文章的主题句，不设空。把握主题句对于全文的理解有很大帮助。例如：1.Leapingonthenarrowbalancebeamisnoteasy.ButLolaWalter,a13-year-oldgymnast,isanexpertatit.Toperfectherskills,Loala_______forfourhoursaday,fivedaysaweek.AtthedatechampionshipsinMarch,shefinishedseventhoutof16girls.runsB.dancedC.trainedD.exercised由ButLolaWalter,a13-year-oldgymnast,isanexpertatit可知她是一名体操运动员，所以空格处应填trained训练，其他几项不符合语境。(二)寻找暗示信息，重视语境意义。完型填空主要考查对语境的理解，所以在做题时要把握全局，进行连贯性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来，不要就空填空。要根据上下文进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选的题通常在后文有暗示。如果四个选项形式完全相同，选哪一个从句子结构，意思上，语法上都说得通，这时就需要注意上下文的语境，来区分，确定正确答案。例如：1.Itrunsinthe___1____.Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.MachileGreenbergfeelsthesame.Apairofglovesmaybeasmallthing,butitmakeabigdifferenceinwinter.cityB.familyC.neighbourhoodD.company这是一道语境题，仅看第一个句子，四个选项都可以。但后文讲Michile的父亲总是帮助穷人，因为他认为那会使每个人更快乐。Michile感觉一样，所以通过父子两个人做同样的事，推断出应该是B.(三)识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系表示结构层次的语篇标志词有：firstlysecondly,thirdly,finally等。表示逻辑关系的语篇标志词有：thus,therefore,so表示改变话题的标志语有：bytheway表示递进关系的标志语有：besides,what’smore,furthermore(而且)表示转折关系的有：but,however,while,ontheotherhand,although等。表示事件关系的有：meanwhile,before,when,until,later等。通过这些语篇标志语，可以快速弄清楚上下文的关系，确定答案。Forthosepeople,heis“Gloves”Greenberg.Howdidhegetthatname?Helookslikeanyotherbusinessman,wearingasuitcarryingabriefcase.Buthe’s_______.Hisbriefcasealwayshassomegloves.calmB.differentC.crazyD.similar由Helookslikeanyotherbusinessman,wearingasuitcarryingabriefcase(他看起来和任何其他商人一样，穿着西装，拿着公文包)Buthe’s_______,可知前后是对比关系，所以But后应该是“不同”，所以选B.(四)利用原词复现，寻找近义词完型填空试题中，有些词语本身或它的同义词重复出现在语篇中，因此可以通过上下文联系找到，确定答案。如：1.Hehadtherarebalanceoffunandcompassion.Hewould__1__theloudestoverfunandbethesaddestanyone’s__2__.A.speakB.usingC.questionD.laughA.misfortuneB.disbeliefC.dishonestyD.mistake根据第一个空后的fun，可知应用D；第二个空前面的saddest，可知应用A不幸的。相同意思复现。(五)巧用背景常识，简化判断过程。IsaidthatIdidn'tknowhowtogetbackintotown.Insilencehestarteddriving.Iranbacktomycaranddrovebehindhim.FinallyIrecognizedafamiliarstreet.AsIturnedtoheadhome,thecardisappeared.ThenI___mydrivewaywhenthewarninglightformygastankturnedon.A.pulledinto B.droveaway C.ranacrossD.fountout解析：影响这个题目正确作答的关键是对空后面的driveway的含义的理解driveay指的是thehardareaorroadbetweeny：ourhouseandthestreet，(美)(从建筑物、车库等通至道路的)私用车道车道((英)drive)。而中国家庭大多数是不存在这样的一个driveway的。本句意思是当邮箱的耗油警示灯亮起的时候，我也到家了，所以选pullinto.正确答案为A(六)注意固定搭配：固定搭配主要是指动词与介词、副词，名词、形容词后接介词，介词与名词构成的搭配。只需要广大考生在背诵单词的时候要掌握其常考搭配。例1Inasignificanttighteningoflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea___billthatwillproposemakingpaymenttowitnessesillegal.(2001)A.sketch B.rough C.preliminary D.draft解析：draft常用于法律术语中，draftbill意为草案，法案的意思，是习惯搭配。因此，D为正确答案。由此看见，本题并不难，关键在于我们是不是对这个短语了解。所以，需要同学们平时在常用搭配方面多些努力。微技能(一)利用关联词汇关联词汇指某词以原词，同根词，同义词，近义词，上下义词，反义词等方式在语篇中复现。例1.Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepasttenyears.…Once,we______alongChalkCreek. A.camped B.drove C.walked D.cycled解析：A。A.camped露营；B.drove驾驶；C.walked散步，行走；D.cycled骑自行车。根据第一段中campingexperiences，此处指作者一家有一次在ChalkCreek露营。原词复现。例2.Oldandwisenow,Burchillchalkeduptheincidenttoyouthfulindiscretion(莽撞).“IhaveandIadmitresponsibilityformyactions,”hesaidintheletter.A.recovered B.retired C.escaped D.matured解析：D。A.recovered恢复，重新找到；B.retired退休，退出；C.escaped逃跑，避免，使忽略；D.matured成熟。上文Burchill将这件事归咎于自己年轻时的莽撞(indiscretion),空格处用反义词成熟(mature)构成对比。chalksth.uptosth.把某事归因于。例3.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond41(home).Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof________therefromaveryyoungage.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge解析：A。A.nature自然；B.youth青春；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知识，了解。前文提到村庄靠近一些湿地,他了解到那里自然的价值和美。nature是wetlands上义词。微技能(二)利用逻辑推断句内或句组间常见的逻辑关系有因果，转折，对比，递进，并列，条件，概括，结果和顺序等关系。例1.Itmightsoundlikeonelong,expensive42(vacation),butthecouplehasanunusualwaytomaketheirtravel________.A.safe B.busy C.helpful D.affordable解析：D。A.safe安全的；B.busy忙碌的；C.helpful有帮助的；D.affordable负担得起的。由but可知，此处应选择与expensive构成转折的词，affordable符合语境。例2.Wang,whoisoftenin53(dangerous)situation,isalsoajudo(柔道)master.“AslongasIgetcloseenough,nocriminalcan________fromme,”hesaid.A.separate B.recover C.escape D.hear解析：C。A.separatefrom与……分离；B.recoverfrom从……恢复；C.escapefrom从……逃脱；D.hearfrom收到……的来信。根据空前王警官是柔道大师，以及足够靠近的条件得出结果，没有罪犯能够从他手中逃脱。例3.Whatiflaterin54(life)theycometoametaphorical(比喻的)door,likeanopportunityofsomesort,and________openingthedoorandtakingtheopportunity,theyjust56(stareat)it…A.bycomparisonwith B.inadditionto C.regardlessof D.insteadof解析：D。A.bycomparisonwith与……相比较;B.inadditionto除……以外(还)；C.regardlessof不管，不顾；D.insteadof而不是。后文提到他们“只是盯着看”与空后“openingthedoorandtakingtheopportunity(打开门抓住机会)”形成对比，insteadof符合语境。微技能(三)利用语境提示语境既包括整个语篇的主旨也包括空格上下文较小语境的提示。例1.Iwas________thatour15-month-oldboywouldfallintothecreek.Itiedaropearoundhiswaisttokeephimneartoourspot.A.annoyed B.surprised C.disappointed D.worried解析：D。A.annoyed恼怒的；B.surprised惊讶的，惊喜的；C.disappointed失望的；D.worried担忧的。根据空后儿子只有15个月大以及将绳子系在他腰间这一做法可推断出我是担心孩子落水。worried符合语境。例2.Likemanyyoungpeople,Jessicawantstotraveltheglobe.Unlikemostofthem,this25-year-oldisdoingit________.Sheandherhusbandhavespentthelasttwoyearstravellingtheworld,stoppingeverywherefromParistoSingapore.A.indoors B.online C.single-handed D.full-time解析：D。A.indoors在室内；B.online在网上；C.single-handed独自，单枪匹马地；D.full-time全日制，全部时间，全职。空后Jessica和她的丈夫在过去两年里环游世界，从巴黎到新加坡，在每一个地方停留。由此可知Jessica夫妇这两年全部的时间都在旅行。例3.“Icometoyou,hatinhand,toapologizeforthedamageIhadindirectlycausedandtoaskyouto________mylifetimebanfromthehotel.”A.replace B.remember C.reconsider D.renew解析：C。A.replace代替，取代；B.remember记得；C.reconsider重新考虑；D.renew更新；延长期限。从上文他道歉的态度可推断他希望酒店重新考虑对他入住酒店的禁令。微技能(四)利用背景常识背景常识包括相关话题的文化背景知识，科普常识以及生活常识。例1.The________pickedupandthunderrolled.A.wind B.noise C.temperature D.speed解析：A。A.wind风；B.noise噪音；C.temperature温度；D.speed速度。依据上文暴风雨和下文雷声隆隆，结合常识，可知这里是风变大了。例2.Oneafternoon,whileattemptingtogetintobed,shecollapsed(倒下)fromwhatwaseventuallydiscoveredtobeaheartattack.Thecollapsewasdisastrous,________theemergencymedicalteamandgoodteamwork.A.assessing B.requiring C.forming D.proving解析：B。A.assessing评估，评定；B.requiring需要，要求；C.forming形成；D.proving证明。根据常识可知她因心脏病而跌倒，自然需要救治。例3.45(Besides),thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He46(realized)thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe________.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust解析：B。A.noise噪音；B.heat炎热；C.disease疾病；D.dust灰尘。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。完形填空Passage1(2023上·广东佛山·高一校考阶段练习)Manyyearsago,wecameacrossadogatananimalshelter(收容所)whilelookingforacompanion(同伴)forourdog,Bear.Thisdogseemedtobemeantforusandwe1him,sowetookhimhome.Wethoughtthe2nameforthenewdogwasBearJunior,andsoitwas.BearJuniorwouldwakemeupeverymorningat4:30a.m.togofora3.He’dtouchmyfacewithhisnoseandIwouldsoon4.Ioncehadto5fortwodaysafteranillness.Mywifegotupto6himforhismorningwalk.Heheldasit-downstrike(罢工)nexttomeand7tomove.Itworked.BearJuniorfeltitwashis8tohelpallwhoneededit,nomatterwherehewent.Oneday,ItookBearJuniortothedogpark.Wehadjuststartedourwalkwhenasmalldogwasbarking(吠叫)for9.Wecouldseeabigdogcorneringhim.BearJuniorwentinto10,placinghimselfbetweenthetwo,facingthebigdog.Ishouted,“BearJunior!Thisisnotyour11!”Butherefusedtoletanything12untiltheownerswereabletotakecontrol.Onewinter,IwasplayingwithBearJuniorinthesnow.Acrossthestreet,anelderlylady13onablockofice.BearJunior14me,ranacrossthestreet,andsatrightagainstherside.Sheusedhiscollar(项圈)topullherselfup.Twodayslater,shecametoourdoorwithdoggoodiesto15BearJunior.1.A.lost B.saved C.remembered D.loved2.A.popular B.perfect C.real D.short3.A.walk B.show C.test D.swim4.A.awake B.worry C.return D.change5.A.stay B.wait C.rest D.practice6.A.ask B.meet C.punish D.take7.A.forgot B.feared C.refused D.continued8.A.chance B.responsibility C.promise D.ability9.A.help B.food C.praise D.reply10.A.training B.game C.action D.treatment11.A.mistake B.business C.answer D.question12.A.happen B.disappear C.stop D.follow13.A.worked B.stood C.played D.fell14.A.accepted B.left C.saw D.protected15.A.attract B.catch C.guide D.thank【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.A5.C6.D7.C8.B9.A10.C11.B12.A13.D14.B15.D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到收容所领养的小狗BearJunior乐于助人，帮助了一只小狗和一位摔倒的老妇人的故事。1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只狗似乎是为我们而生的，我们爱它，所以我们把它带回家。A.lost失去；B.saved拯救；C.remembered记得；D.loved喜爱。根据“Thisdogseemedtobemeantforus”可知，作者很喜欢这只狗，把他带回了家。故选D。2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们认为最完美地适合这只新狗的名字是BearJunior，事实也的确如此。A.popular受欢迎的；B.perfect完美的；C.real真正的；D.short短的。根据“nameforthenewdogwasBearJunior,andsoitwas”可知，作者认为BearJunior是完美的名字。故选B。3.考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天凌晨四点半，BearJunior都会叫我起床去散步。A.walk散步；B.show表演；C.test测试；D.swim游泳。根据下文“Mywifegotupto___6___himforhismorningwalk.”可知，此处是信息词walk的词汇复现，goforawalk为固定搭配，意为“去散步”。故选A。4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用鼻子碰我的脸，我很快就醒了。A.awake使醒来；B.worry担心；C.return返回；D.change改变。根据“BearJuniorwouldwakemeupeverymorning”可知，作者被叫醒了。故选A。5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有一次病后不得不休息两天。A.stay停留；B.wait等待；C.rest休息；D.practice练习。根据“afteranillness”可知，作者生病后需要休息。故选C。6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妻子起床带他去散步。A.ask问；B.meet遇见；C.punish惩罚；D.take带走。根据“himforhismorningwalk”可知，作者的妻子带狗去散步。故选D。7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在我旁边静坐，拒绝移动。A.forgot忘记；B.feared害怕；C.refused拒绝；D.continued继续。根据“Heheldasit-downstrike(罢工)nexttome”可知，BearJunior拒绝移动。故选C。8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：BearJunior觉得帮助所有需要帮助的人是他的责任，无论他去哪里。A.chance机会；B.responsibility责任；C.promise承诺；D.ability能力。根据“tohelpallwhoneededit”可知，BearJunior觉得帮助别人是他的责任。故选B。9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们刚开始散步，就有一只小狗叫着求救。A.help帮助；B.food食物；C.praise赞美；D.reply回应。根据下文“Wecouldseeabigdogcorneringhim.”可知，小狗在寻求帮助。故选A。10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：BearJunior开始行动，站在两只狗中间，面对着大狗。A.training训练；B.game游戏；C.action行动；D.treatment治疗。根据“placinghimselfbetweenthetwo,facingthebigdog.”可知，BearJunior采取行动，帮助小狗。故选C。11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喊道：“BearJunior，这不关你的事！”A.mistake错误；B.business事情；C.answer答案；D.question问题。根据下文“Butherefusedtoletanything___12___untiltheownerswereabletotakecontrol.”可知，作者说的是“这不关你的事”。故选B。12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他拒绝让任何事情发生，直到主人能够控制局面。A.happen发生；B.disappear消失；C.stop停止；D.follow跟着。根据“untiltheownerswereabletotakecontrol”可知，他拒绝让任何事情发生，直到狗的主人出现。故选A。13.考查动词词义辨析。句意：街对面，一位老妇人摔倒在一块冰上。A.worked工作；B.stood站着；C.played玩；D.fell跌倒。根据下文“Sheusedhiscollar(项圈)topullherselfup.”可知，老人摔倒了。故选D。14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：BearJunior开了我，跑到街对面，靠在她身边坐了下来。A.accepted接受；B.left离开；C.saw看见；D.protected保护。根据“ranacrossthestreet”可知，BearJunior离开了作者，去帮助老妇人。故选B。15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：两天后，她带着狗粮来到我家门口，感谢BearJunior。A.attract吸引；B.catch抓住；C.guide引导；D.thank感谢。根据“Twodayslater,shecametoourdoorwithdoggoodies”可知，老妇人登门感谢BearJunior。故选D。Passage2(2023上·浙江宁波·高一校考阶段练习)StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousscientistsinthiscentury.ThedisabledwriterofABriefHistoryofTimevisitedChinaforthreetimes.Hisfirst16wasin1985.OnhissecondjourneytoChina,thegreattheoreticalscientistwasinvitedto17amathematicsresearchinstituteatZhejiangUniversity.OnthatSundayevening,bemadehisappearanceatapressconference18atShangri-LaHotel,Hangzhou.Hawking19atabout5:00pmwithhiswife.Theelderlymanansweredatotalofnine20withthehelpofhiscomputer.“Ifindtherealuniversemuchmore21thantheoneinthefilmStarWars,”Hawkingjoked.“I22youngpeopletostudytheoreticalphysicsfirstiftheyareinterestedinit.”Butthetalentedmansuffersfrom23motorneurondisease(运动神经元病).Thedisease24over100,000peopleeveryyear.“IlikelifeandIlovelife.Myfamily,andmusicgivemethe25happiness,”smiledHawking,whocould26movetwofingers.Inthespeech.Hawkingsaidhe27towriteaneweditionofABriefHistoryofTimeforyoungchildren.“ABriefHistoryofTimeismyfirstbookfor28people.ButILaterfoundthatIcouldwriteitina29way.”heanswered.“SoIdecidedtorewriteitsothatallpeoplecanreaditeasily.”Unfortunately,he30usforeveronMarch14,2018.16.A.visit B.vacation C.country D.city17.A.study B.develop C.attend D.work18.A.made B.held C.covered D.proved19.A.appeared B.associated C.advanced D.approached20.A.specialists B.questions C.listeners D.journalists21.A.dangerous B.disturbing C.terrible D.interesting22.A.inspire B.amuse C.behave D.entertain23.A.false B.serious C.unbelievable D.poor24.A.affects B.spreads C.kills D.saves25.A.greatest B.saddest C.worst D.least26.A.hardly B.gently C.fully D.only27.A.forced B.delivered C.planned D.failed28.A.common B.scientific C.honored D.wealthy29.A.proper B.simple C.difficult D.technical30.A.impressed B.shocked C.left D.concerned【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.A20.B21.D22.A23.B24.C25.A26.D27.C28.A29.B30.C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了霍金第二次来杭州的细节，他的身体状况、愿望等情况。16.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的第一次访问是在1985年。A.visit参观；B.vacation假期；C.country国家；D.city城市。根据前文“ThedisabledwriterofABriefHistoryofTimevisitedChinaforthreetimes.”可知，霍金曾三次访问中国，所以此处是说第一次。故选A项。17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他第二次访问中国时，这位伟大的理论科学家应邀参加了浙江大学的数学研究所。A.study学习；B.develop发展；C.attend参加；D.work工作。根据前文的invited以及后文“amathematicsresearchinstituteatZhejiangUniversity”结合选项，应是“邀请他参加浙江大学的数学研究所”符合语境。故选C项。18.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那个周日的晚上，他出席了在杭州香格里拉酒店举行的新闻发布会。A.made做，安排；B.held举行；C.covered覆盖；D.proved证明。根据前文“OnthatSundayevening,bemadehisappearanceatapressconference”可知，新闻发布会应是被举行。故选B项。19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍金和他的妻子在下午5点左右出现。A.appeared出现；B.associated联系；C.advanced前进，增加；D.approached接近。根据前文“OnthatSundayevening,bemadehisappearanceatapressconference19atShangri-LaHotel,Hangzhou.”可知，霍金出席了在杭州香格里拉酒店举行的新闻发布会，所以是和他的妻子在下午5点左右出现。故选A项。20.考查名词词义辨析。句意：老人在电脑的帮助下总共回答了9个问题。A.specialists专家；B.questions问题；C.listeners听众；D.journalists新闻记者。根据前文的“answered”可知，回答的应是问题。故选B项。21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：霍金开玩笑说：“我发现真实的宇宙比电影《星球大战》中的宇宙有趣得多。”A.dangerous危险的；B.disturbing烦扰的；C.terrible可怕的；D.interesting有趣的。根据前文“Ifindtherealuniverse”以及后文“theoneinthefilmStarWars”可知，霍金是用真实的宇宙和《星球大战》中的宇宙做比较，结合选项，应是“更有趣”符合语境。故选D项。22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我鼓励年轻人如果对理论物理感兴趣，就先学习它。A.inspire激发，鼓舞；B.amuse娱乐，消遣；C.behave举止，表现；D.entertain娱乐，招待。根据后文“youngpeopletostudytheoreticalphysicsfirstiftheyareinterestedinit.”结合选项可知，应是霍金鼓励年轻人符合语境。故选A项。23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是这位天才患有严重的运动神经元疾病。A.false错误的，假的；B.serious严重的；C.unbelievable难以置信的；D.poor贫穷的，可怜的。根据后文“motorneurondisease”结合现实可知，霍金患有严重的运动神经元疾病。故选B项。24.考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年有超过10万人死于这种疾病。A.affects影响；B.spreads传播；C.kills杀死；D.saves救助。根据后文“over100,000peopleeveryyear”可知，此处是说“这种疾病每年杀死超过10万人”。故选C项。25.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢生活，我热爱生活。我的家庭和音乐给了我最大的幸福。A.greatest最伟大的；B.saddest最伤心的；C.worst最差的；D.least最小，最少。根据前文“IlikelifeandIlovelife.Myfamily,andmusic”以及后文“happiness”结合选项可知，霍金热爱生活，他的家庭和音乐应是给了他最大的幸福。故选A项。26.考查副词词义辨析。句意：他只能移动两个手指。A.hardly几乎不；B.gently轻轻地，温柔地；C.ever曾经，永远；D.only只，仅仅。根据后文“movetwofingers”结合实际和选项可知，疾病让霍金只能移动两个手指。故选D项。27.考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍金说，他计划为儿童编写新版《时间简史》。A.forced强迫；B.delivered递送；C.planned计划；D.failed失败。根据后文“SoIdecidedtorewriteitsothatallpeoplecanreaditeasily.”可知，霍金计划重写《时间简史》。故选C项。28.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：《时间简史》是我第一本面向普通人的书。A.common普遍的；B.scientific科学的；C.honored受尊敬的；D.wealthy富有的。结合实际可知，《时间简史》是面向普通人的书。故选A项。29.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但后来我发现我可以用一种简单的方式来写。A.proper适当的；B.simple简单的；C.difficult困难的；D.technical科技的。根据后文“SoIdecidedtorewriteitsothatallpeoplecanreaditeasily.”可知，霍金决定重写它，让所有人都能轻松阅读，所以应是用一种简单的方式来写。故选B项。30.考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他在2018年3月14日永远地离开了我们。A.impressed给…留下深刻印象；B.shocked使震惊；C.left离开；D.concerned与…有关。根据Unfortunately，以及结合现实可知，霍金在2018年3月14日去世，离开了我们。故选C项。Passage3(2023上·江苏南京·高一统考期中)IwaseatingbreakfastathomeinHampshireinMarchthisyear,scrollingthrough(滚动浏览)socialmediaonmyphone,whenastory31myeye.Itwasabouta9-year-olddog,Charlie,consideredasthe32inBritain.HehadbeeninarescuecenterinSomersetformorethan500days.I33thelink,andstraightaway,thesehuge,sadeyesstaredatme.Ifellinlovewithitatfirstsight.MyhusbandSamfelt34thesameway.We35ourtimewiththeapplication,andafewdayslater,wereceivedanemailaskingustovisithim.Wewere36.Beforewearrived,wedidn’tknowwhatto37.Wehadn’tbeentoldmuchaboutCharlie’scondition,but38hehadn’tbeenplacedwithanewownerforsolong,wethoughttheremightbeproblems.Butthedogthatraninwasfullof39andenergy.Hecamestraightovertous,quite40.HewaggedhistailandevenjumpedonSam’slapasifthey’dbeen41forever.Weweredelightedwhentheysaidwecouldtakehimhome.Charlieisadogwhoknowsexactlywhathewants,andthat’stobewithus42.Ifyougiveadoglove,they’llgiveyouanumberofwonderfulthings43.Nowwegetouteverydayonwalksandwe’remore44.He’salwayssohappytoseeuswhenwecomethroughthedoor.Wespoilhimandenjoyhis45somuch.CharliewasoncetheloneliestdoginBritain,buthe’snotaloneanymore.31.A.tricked B.hurt C.caught D.escaped32.A.cutest B.toughest C.smartest D.loneliest33.A.searched B.clicked C.read D.kept34.A.exactly B.partly C.properly D.especially35.A.took B.wasted C.had D.killed36.A.anxious B.stressed C.excited D.calm37.A.exchange B.expect C.benefit D.measure38.A.since B.unless C.though D.while39.A.beauty B.confidence C.respect D.joy40.A.angry B.careful C.friendly D.nervous41.A.neighbors B.friends C.enemies D.strangers42.A.originally B.before C.regularly D.forever43.A.inturn B.inadvance C.inreturn D.inperson44.A.active B.passive C.awkward D.independent45.A.loneliness B.appearance C.loveliness D.company【答案】31.C32.D33.B34.A35.A36.C37.B38.A39.D40.C41.B42.D43.C44.A45.D【导语】本文是记叙文。本文讲述了作者在家中看到一则关于英国最寂寞狗Charlie的故事后，决定收养它，并描述了Charlie给作者生活带来的改变和快乐。31.考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年3月，我在汉普郡的家里吃早餐，一边在手机上浏览社交媒体，一个故事引起了我的注意。A.tricked欺骗；B.hurt伤害；C.caught抓住；D.escaped逃跑。根据前文“scrollingthrough(滚动浏览)socialmediaonmyphone,whenastory”可知，作者在手机上浏览社交媒体，所以应是一个故事引起了她的注意，catchone’seye为固定搭配，意为“引起某人的注意”符合语境。故选C项。32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：故事讲的是一只名叫查理的9岁狗，它被认为是英国最孤独的狗。A.cutest最可爱的；B.toughest最坚强的；C.smartest最聪明的；D.loneliest最孤独的。根据后文“CharliewasoncetheloneliestdoginBritain,buthe’snotaloneanymore.”可知，它被认为是英国最孤独的狗。故选D项。33.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我点了一下链接，立刻，那双巨大而悲伤的眼睛盯着我。A.searched搜索；B.clicked点击；C.read阅读；D.kept保持。根据后文“andstraightaway,thesehuge,sadeyesstaredatme.”可知，作者看到了查理，所以应是打开了链接，所以此处是点击。故选B项。34.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫山姆也有切地同样的感觉。A.exactly确切地；B.partly部分地；C.properly适当地；D.especially特别。根据前文“MyhusbandSamfelt”以及后文“thesameway”结合选项可知，应是作者的丈夫和作者确切地有同样的感觉符合语境。故选A项。35.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们花了很多时间申请，几天后，我们收到了一封电子邮件，要求我们去看望他。A.took耗费；B.wasted浪费；C.had有；D.killed杀死。根据后文“ourtimewiththeapplication”可知，应是“花了很多时间申请”符合语境。故选A项。36.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都很兴奋。A.anxious焦虑的；B.stressed焦虑不安；C.excited兴奋的；D.calm平静的。根据前文“wereceivedanemailaskingustovisithim.”可知，作者和丈夫终于能去看查理了，所以他们应是兴奋的。故选C项。37.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们到达之前，我们不知道会发生什么。A.exchange交换；B.expect期待；C.benefit使受益；D.measure测量。根据后文“Wehadn’tbeentoldmuchaboutCharlie’scondition”可知，作者并不十分了解查理，所以不知道期待什么。故选B项。38.考查状语从句连接词辨析。句意：我们没有被告知太多关于查理的情况，但由于他没有被安置在一个新的主人身边这么长时间，我们认为可能会有问题。A.since由于；B.unless除非；C.though虽然；D.while虽然。根据后文“hehadn’tbeenplacedwithanewownerforsolong,wethoughttheremightbeproblems”可知，两句话之间是因果关系，所以用since引导。故选A项。39.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但跑进来的狗却充满了快乐和活力。A.beauty美丽；B.confidence信心；C.respect尊敬；D.joy快乐。根据后文“andenergy”可知，空处应和energy并列，结合选项，应是快乐和活力符合语境。故选D项。40.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他径直向我们走来，非常友好。A.angry生气的；B.careful小心；C.friendly友好的；D.nervous焦虑的。根据后文“HewaggedhistailandevenjumpedonSam’slap”可知，查理摇着尾巴，甚至跳到山姆的腿上，是非常友好的。故选C项。41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他摇着尾巴，甚至跳到山姆的腿上，好像他们是永远的朋友。A.neighbors邻居；B.friends朋友；C.enemies敌人；D.strangers陌生人。根据前文“HewaggedhistailandevenjumpedonSam’slap”可知，查理摇着尾巴，甚至跳到山姆的腿上，这行为是像朋友。故选B项。42.考查副词词义辨析。句意：查理是只知道自己想要什么的狗，那就是永远和我们在一起。A.originally原来；B.before以前；C.regularly经常；D.forever永远。根据后文“He’salwayssohappytoseeuswhenwecomethroughthedoor.”可知，当我们进门时，他总是很高兴看到我们，所以是想永远和我们在一起。故选D项。43.考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果你给狗狗爱，它们会给你很多美好的东西作为回报。A.inturn依次；B.inadvance提前；C.inreturn作为回报；D.inperson亲自。根据前文“Ifyougiveadoglove,they’llgiveyouanumberofwonderfulthings”结合选项可知，应是“如果给狗狗爱，它们会给你很多美好的东西作为回报”符合语境。故选C项。44.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我们每天出去散步，我们更活跃了。A.active活跃的；B.passive被动的；C.awkward令人尴尬的；D.independent独立的。根据前文“Nowwegetouteverydayonwalks”可知，作者一家每天出去散步，所以是更活跃了。故选A项。45.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们溺爱他，喜欢他的陪伴。A.loneliness孤独；B.appearance外貌；C.loveliness美丽动人；D.company陪伴。根据后文“CharliewasoncetheloneliestdoginBritain,buthe’snotaloneanymore.”可知，查理不再孤独了，因为有作者一家的陪伴，同时查理也在陪伴作者一家。故选D项。Passage4(2023上·湖北黄石·高一黄石二中校考期中)On20December,inNewdale,aseriesofhugewavescausedbyanunderseaEarthquakeracedacrosstheoceannearGoldshore.Worsestill,it46thousandsdead.GoldshoreBeachwastheonlylocalbeachto47thedisasterwithoutanylossoflife.A10-year-oldgirl,SabrinaAndron,helpedaround100peopleescapedangerwithher48oftsunamis.ThedaybeganlikeanyotheronGoldshoreBeach.Peoplewerewalking,runningorsimplysittingonthesandybeach,49thewarmseaairandenjoyingthesoft50thatbrushedtheirhair.Sabrinawasoneofthehappytouristsuntilshenoticedsomething51.“Thewaterwaslikethebubbles(气泡)onthetopofabeer,”shelaterexplained.“Itwasn’t52anditwasn’tgoinginandthenout.Itwasjustcominginandinandin.”Itstruckherthatthesewerethe53ofanupcomingtsunami,whichSabrinahadjustlearntaboutinaGeographylesson.Sabrinawas54,butshesoonkeptherhead.Shewarnedherparentsofthe55,thoughatfirsttheyjustthoughtshewas56.However,Sabrinawascertainthataterribledisasterwas57andkeptaskingherparentstotalktoasafetyofficer.Tohergreatrelief,theofficer58realizedthecomingdanger.Thebeachwasrapidly59ofpeople,justbeforethehugewaves60intothecoast.46.A.left B.brought C.affected D.led47.A.recognize B.survive C.challenge D.quit48.A.knowledge B.impression C.wisdom D.detail49.A.makingup B.takingin C.focusingon D.checkingout50.A.wind B.sunshine C.whistle D.wave51.A.unique B.powerful C.strange D.attractive52.A.narrow B.adventurous C.distant D.calm53.A.signs B.damages C.effects D.results54.A.embarrassed B.confused C.annoyed D.frightened55.A.stress B.development C.danger D.credit56.A.cheating B.debating C.helping D.joking57.A.undercontrol B.onhand C.onitsway D.onschedule58.A.actually B.anxiously C.immediately D.curiously59.A.informed B.warned C.reminded D.cleared60.A.slid B.crashed C.divided D.tapped【答案】46.A47.B48.A49.B50.A51.C52.D53.A54.D55.C56.D57.C58.C59.D60.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个小女孩SabrinaAndron用自己的海啸知识帮助100多人逃离危险。46.考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，它造成数千人死亡。A.left遗留；造成；B.brought带来；C.affected影响；D.led导致。根据“thousandsdead.”可知，地震带来的海啸造成了数千人死亡。故选A。47.考查动词词义辨析。句意：金岸海滩是当地唯一一个没有人员伤亡的海滩。A.recognize认识；B.survive幸存；C.challenge挑战；D.quit停止。根据“withoutanylossoflife.”可知，金海岸海滩是在这场灾难中唯一幸存下来的海滩。故选B。48.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个10岁的女孩，SabrinaAndron，用她对海啸的了解帮助了大约100人逃离危险。A.knowledge知识；B.impression印象；C.wisdom智慧；D.detail细节。根据“Itstruckherthatthesewerethe___8___ofanupcomingtsunami,whichSabrinahadjustlearntaboutinaGeographylesson.”可知，SabrinaAndron用自己所学知识帮助100多人逃离海啸的危险。故选A。49.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：人们在沙滩上散步、跑步，或者只是坐在沙滩上，呼吸着温暖的海风，享受着轻柔的微风拂过头发。A.makingup组成；B.takingin吸入；C.focusingon集中；D.checkingout核查。根据“thewarmseaair”可知，人们在沙滩上呼吸着温暖的海风。故选B。50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们在沙滩上散步、跑步，或者只是坐在沙滩上，呼吸着温暖的海风，享受着轻柔的微风拂过头发。A.wind风；B.sunshine阳光；C.whistle口哨；D.wave海浪。根据“thatbrushedtheirhair.”可知，沙滩上轻柔的微风拂这头发。故选A。51.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sabrina是其中一个快乐的游客，直到她注意到一些奇怪的事情。A.unique独特的；B.powerful强有力的；C.strange奇怪的；D.attractive有吸引力的。根据““Thewaterwaslikethebubbles(气泡)onthetopofabeer,”shelaterexplained.“Itwasn’t___52___anditwasn’tgoinginandthenout.Itwasjustcominginandinandin.””可知，Sabrina在海滩上注意到一些奇怪的事情。故选C。52.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她后来解释说，“它并不平静，也没有进进出出。它只是不断地涌进来。”A.narrow狭窄的；B.adventurous冒险的；C.distant疏远的；D.calm平静的。根据“anditwasn’tgoinginandthenout.Itwasjustcominginandinandin.”可知，海水并不平静。故选D。53.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她突然意识到，这些都是即将到来的海啸的迹象，这是Sabrina刚刚在地理课上学到的。A.signs迹象；B.damages损害；C.effects影响；D.results结果。根据“whichSabrinahadjustlearntaboutinaGeographylesson.”可知，Sabrina意识到奇怪的事情是海啸即将到来的迹象。故选A。54.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sabrina很害怕，但她很快就保持了冷静。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.confused困惑的；C.annoyed气恼的；D.frightened害怕的。根据“butshesoonkeptherhead.”可知，Sabrina见到海啸很害怕。故选D。55.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她警告她的父母有危险，虽然起初他们以为她只是在开玩笑。A.stress压力；B.development发展；C.danger危险；D.credit信用。根据“thoughatfirsttheyjustthoughtshewas___56___.”可知，Sabrina警告父母海啸来临的危险。故选C。56.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她警告她的父母有危险，虽然起初他们以为她只是在开玩笑。A.cheating欺骗；B.debating争辩；C.helping帮助；D.joking开玩笑。根据“Shewarnedherparentsofthe___10___,”可知，父母以为Sabrina是开玩笑。故选D