第6讲 阅读定主旨猜词义-2023年江苏省中考英语考前必看必练10讲

第6讲阅读定主旨猜词义-2023年江苏省中考英语考前必看必练10讲主旨大意题一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：1．确定文章的标题和主题(titleortopic)标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖

2、概括性强3、短小精炼。C（2019扬州中考）Myfatherwasacemetery（公墓）keeper.WhenIwasachild，heoftentookmethere.Beforewelefteachtime，hewouldlaysomestonesonsomegraves（坟墓）.Ineveraskedwhy.Ijustthoughtthatwashiswork.Yesterday,Ivisitedmysickfather.Heaskedmetogotothecemeteryandlaysomestones.Forsomereason,ithadtobedonethatday.Iagreed.Ihadn'tbeenthereforalongtime.WhenIgotthere,IfoundawomaninfrontofoneofthegravesIwouldlayastoneon.AsIbenttolayit,Iheardherwhisper“Thankyou”.ItwasthenthatInoticedthedateofdeathonthegravewasthatsameday.Thegravewasthatofachild,onlyfivewhenhediedfifteenyearsago."He'smyson,"shesaid."But,where’syourfather?Hewasalwaystheonetoleavethestone.”Itoldherthatmyfatherwasillbutheaskedmetodothis.Itseemedimportanttohim.“Yourfather’skindnessmeansmoretomethananythingelse.Whenmychilddied,Icameoftentoseehim.Itisourcustomtoleaveastone.Ittellstheonewhoisherethatheisthoughtof.But,thenwemovedawayfromhere.somanypainfulmemories.Iwassoafraidthathewouldbealone.Butyourfathermarkedthegraveeverytimehecame.EachtimeIreturnedhere,Isawthatstoneanditalwayscomfortedme.Yourfatheristhekindofmanwhowouldeasethepainofamother’sheartthoughwearestrangers.Justtellhimyousawmetoday,won’tyou?”Shesaid.Ittookmeaminutetofindmyvoice.Thatsmallstonemarkedthegraveofachildandtheheartofhismother.41.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.AStrangeCustomB.OneSmallStone,UnforgottenC.ACemeteryKeeperD.PainfulMemories,Unforgotten【答案】B【解析】文章标题题。文章首尾两段都提到了stone这个事物，以及中间内容部分可知是围绕它展开来写的文章，所以答案选B。DThroughoutitslonghistory,writinghasbeenabigdealinChina.Sincetheearliestdynasties,theskillsofreadingandwritinghavebeenhighlyrespected.Infact,theyformanimportantpartoftheChineseartworld.Calligraphy（书法）,theartofwritingwithabrush,isalmostasoldaswritingitself.Andthoughthisartformdatesbackthousandsofyears,itisstillverypopulartoday.________TheanswermostlikelylieswaybackintheShangDynasty（about1600-1046BC）.That’swhencharacterswerefirstusedinreligious（宗教的）events.Thispracticeshowedaspiritualpartwhichgavewritingpowerintheeyesofcommonpeople.CalligraphyspreadduringtheHanDynasty,whenthe,necessarytoolsandmaterialsweremoreeasilygot.Firsttherewasthebrush,madefrombambooandanimalhair.Earlyinkwasmadebyburningpinewood（松木）andmixingitwithwater.EarlyformsofpaperwereinventedaroundAD105.Finally,therewasinkstone,asmoothpieceofstoneusedformixingink.Together,thesetoolswereknownasthe“fourtreasuresofstudy”inancientChina.CalligraphyhasbeenpopularinChinaforthousandsofyears.Somesaythatit’sanevenhigherartformthanpainting.Thoughforeignersmaynotalwaysgetit,there’ssomethingtrulyspecialaboutcalligraphy.Everywrittencharacterhasastrictstroke（笔划）order.Whenviewingtheresults,youcanexperienceeverystrokeoftheartist’sbrush.Thisallowsforacloseconnectionbetweenartistsandviewers.Calligraphyissomethingthat’sbestexperiencedbydoing.Luckily,thisancientartisstillwidelypracticedtoday.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Getoutthereandfindyourselfateacher!32.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheFourTreasuresofStudy B.TheAncientArtoftheBrushC.AFamousChineseDynasty D.AnAncientToolforWriting【答案】32.D【解析】最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了古代的书写工具，所以最适合本文的标题是“AnAncientToolforWriting”，故选D。DOn3June2017,AlexHonnolddidsomethingthatmanypeoplethoughtwasimpossible.Heclimbedmorethan900metresuparockfaceinYosemiteNationalPark,intheUS,usingonlyhishandsandfeet.Hehadnoropesorsafetyprotectionsfortheclimb,whichtookthreehoursand56minutes.Honnold’sropelessclimbinguptherockfaceknownasEICapitanwasrecord﹣breaking.OneofHonnold’sfriendsandalsoaclimber,TommyCaldwell,describedtheachievementas“theMoon.dingofropelessclimbing”.“Itwasgreat.It’scoolwhenyou’reupthere,“HonnoldtoldTheWeekJunior.”Yosemiteisoneof：mostbeautifulplacesonEarth.”Yosemiteiswherethebestclimberstakeonsomeoftheworld’smostdifficultclimbs.ButforHonnold,whois33yearsold,itisaveryspecialplace.HegrewupinSacramento,nearYosemite,andusedtogocampingthereasachild.Whenhewasaround10yearsold,Honnoldstartedclimbingatanfloorgym（体育馆）.Helovedclimbinguptreesandplayingonthemonkeybars,althoughhewasn’ttrygoodateither.Inhislateteens,hebeganbreakingspeedclimbingrecords.Thenin2015,hedecideditwastimetotrytheworld﹣famousEICapitan.“Ispenttwoyearsrememberingeveryhandandfootplacement,“hesays.“Icouldtellyourightnowallthemoves.”Formanypeople,itmightseemtooriskytoclimbwithoutropes,butnotHonnold.“Ifyoufalloff,youwilldie.Butthechancesofyoufallingoffdependonhowpreparedyouare.”Honnold’simpressiveachievementcanbeseeninthenewaward﹣winningdocumentary,FreeSolo,whichisontheNationalGeographicchannel（9pm,Sunday3March）.32.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Tryropelessclimbing B.OntopoftheworldC.Thegreatestworldrecord D.Anewrockclimber【答案】32.B【解析】最佳标题题。通读全文,根据“Heclimbedmorethan900metresuparockfaceinYosemiteNationalPark,intheUS,usingonlyhishandsandfeet.”可知，文章主要介绍了勇敢的AlexHonnold徒手攀爬美国约塞米蒂国家公园的一块900多米高的岩石的故事。因此最佳标题应为“在世界之巅”。故选B。DBassaniolookedatthethreeboxes,buthedidnotreadthewritingonthem.Helookedatthegoldandsilver.“Theworldistrickedbyappearances,”hesaid.“Peopleoftenhideordinarythingswithbeautifulgold,silver,andjewels.Peoplealwaysagreewiththosewhospeakwell,eveniftheysayfoolishthings.Manypeoplewhoseembravearereallycowards.Howoftendowebelieveinleaderswhoturnouttobebad?IrememberthestoryofMidas,themanwholovedgoldtoomuch.Hewantedeverythingtobegold.Hewishedthathecouldmakeeverythinggoldjustbytouchingit.Whenhecould,itwasadisaster.Hecouldnoteathisgoldenfood,andhewasafraidtotouchhisdaughter.No,Idonotwantthesebeautifulboxesofgoldandsilver.Iwillchoosetheleadboxwithitsordinarycolor.Itspeaksmoretomethanallthegoldandsilverintheworld.Pleasegivemethekeytotheleadbox.Lethappinessbemine.Oneoftheservantsgavehimthekey,andhewenttotheboxandopenedit.Portiawasverypleased.Shecouldnotbelieveit,untilBassanioopenedtheboxandsawthepictureofPortiainsideit.Whenhesawthepicture,helovedherevenmorebecausethepicturewasverybeautiful.Hewonderedhowanyonecouldpaintsuchagoodpictureofher.ItwasalmostasbeautifulasPortiaherself.Helookedatallthepartsofthepicture.Helookedattheeyesandthehairandthemouth.Allofthemwereperfect.ButPortiaherselfevenmorebeautifulthanherpicture.Thewritinginsidetheboxtoldhimthathehadchosentherightbox.ItsaidthatheshouldgotoPortiaandlookintohereyes.Shewouldbehiswife.Bassaniocouldnotbelieveit.“Isitreallytrue?”heasked.“Willyoureallybemywife?Iamafraidtobelieveituntilyousayso.”45.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Bassanioandtheleadbox B.PortiaandherpictureC.Thethingsintheboxes D.Tricksbyappearances【答案】45.A【解析】最佳标题题。根据“Bassaniolookedatthethreeboxes,buthedidnotreadthewritingonthem.Helookedatthegoldandsilver.”以及下文的介绍可知，介绍了Bassanio

选择盒子，他选择了铅盒子，事实证明他选对了，他可以和Portia

结婚，并成为皇宫的统治者。因此最好的题目是：Bassanioandtheleadbox.符合语境。故选A。DEverynowandthenyoumayseenewsofsatellites(卫星)sentintospace.OnFeb21,forexample,UScompanySpaceXtook46satellitesintoorbit(轨道).OnFeb27,Chinasent22satellitesintospace.Whydoweneedsomanysatellites?Whatdotheydooutthere?Atpresent,therearemorethan3,000activesatellitesmovingaroundtheEarth.Satellitesdoallkindsofwork.TheyareusedtosendTVsignals,giveyoudirectionsontheroadandhelpscientistsdoresearch.Forexample,the22satellitesChinajustsentuparepartoftheBeidouNavigation(导航)SatelliteSystem.SharedbikesthatuseBeiDouchips(芯片)canbefoundmoreeasily.Beforesatellites,TVsignalsdidn’tgoveryfar.Mountainsortallbuildingswouldblock(阻碍)them.Phonecallstofarawayplaceswerealsoabigproblem.Withsatellites,TVsignalsandphonecallscanbesentdirectlytoasatelliteandbackdowntodifferentplacesonEarth.SpaceX’sStarlinkprojectistryingtogofurther.ItplanstousesatellitestoprovideInternetinthefuture.Satellitescanalsoprovideinformationaboutclouds,oceans,landandice.Theyhelpscientistspredictchangesinweatherandclimate.Bycloselywatchingwildfiresandvolcanoes,satelliteshelppeopledealwithnaturaldisasters.Farmerscanusesatelliteimagestodecidethebesttimetowatertheirfields.Somesatellitesflynearotherplanets.TheymaylookforwateronMarsortakeclose-uppicturesofotherplanets.In2020,videowebsiteBilibilisentasatelliteintospace.ItsjobistolookatotherplanetsandsharethepicturesandvideoswithBilibili’susers.Likeanyothermachines,satellitesdonotlastforever.Whentheydie,theyeitherburnuporbecomespacejunk.Somedaywemayneedtosend“garbagetrucks”tocleanthemup.32.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SatellitesGuidingtheWay B.SpaceX’sStarlinkC.ChineseSpaceDevelopment D.Sky-highTechnology【答案】32.A【解析】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了卫星在我们生活中的作用，故选A。BJumperswithChinesecharacters,coatscoveredintigerstripesandshoeswithtraditionalflowerpatterns—thesedays,it’seasytofindpeoplewearinghomegrownsportswearonChinesestreets.China’ssportswearbrands,likeANTASports,Li-NingandXTEP,havereportedbiggrowthinrecentyears,saidXinhua.Forexample,onMarch22,ANTASportssaiditstotalrevenue(收入)in2021hit49.3billionyuan,a38.9percentyear-on-yearincrease.XTEP’stotalrevenuedoubledfrom2017,upto10billionyuanforthefirsttimein2021.Thesharpgrowthinhomegrownsportswearpartlyresultsfromatrendcalled“guochao”,or“Chinachic”.IthasdrivenneedforlocalbrandsandproductswithtraditionalChinesedesigns.ItsmainfollowersareGenerationZers,astheybegintoturnfrominternationalbrandstolocallyproducedones,notedCGTN.“NowANTAhasgooddesignabilities.Theyareascomfortableandgoodasotherforeignbrandsthatcharge(要价)moremoney.SowhynotANTA?”a24-year-oldgraduatesurnamedLiufromBeijing,toldGlobalTimes.TheBeijingWinterOlympicsthisyearalsopushedforthegrowingsportswearmarket.ANTA,forinstance,wastheofficialsportswearprovideroftheBeijing2022WinterOlympics.ItuseditssmarttechnologytosupportChina’s12teamsineventsincludingshorttrackspeed-skatingandcurling.AttheBeijing2022Games,morelocalbrandsandproductsgotglobalattention.Forexample,Peakhadthesecond-mostdelegations(代表团)wearingitsproductsattheBeijingWinterOlympics.DelegationsfromsevencountriesincludingIceland,Ukraine,BelgiumandRomaniaworePeak,reportedthePaper.36.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Anewstyleoffashion B.BrandsontheriseC.ThebestpartofBeijingWinterOlympics D.Sportsfashionaroundtheworld【答案】36.B【解析】最佳标题题。本文介绍中国运动品牌的崛起，选项B“品牌崛起”符合主题，故选B。2.主题句（topicsentence）及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.C（2019常州中考）Nowadays,itneverseemswehaveenoughtimetorealizeallofthereadinggoals(目标)thatwesetforourselves.Luckily,wehavemobileappssuchasLatteReadandGetAbstracttoprovideabstracts(梗概)ofatext.Abstractsareusefultools,especiallyforstudents,butlikehavingafrienddescribethemaincontentofastorytoyou,youcannotexperiencethejoyandexcitementofreadingtheoriginal(原来的)textofyourself.IrecentlyfinishedreadingathickbookofW.SomersetMaugham'scollectedshortstories.Ittookmearoundtenyearstogetthrough.ThomasMann'sdifficultTheMagicMountaintookmeaboutsixmonthstoread;AynRand'sAtlasShruggedmademeveryboredmostofthetime.Readingabook,whetheritisgoodorbad,isaformative(建设性的)experience.ThereareplentyofbookswhichIprobablyshouldn'thavetakenthetimetoread.Butthechallengeoflivingforatimeinthethoughtsandexperiencesofadifferenthistoryorcharactermakeseventheworstbookavaluableeffort.WheneverIfinishthelastlineofabookandslowlycloseit,Iliketositthereandthinkoveritslineswithamixofnostalgia(怀旧之情)andpride.Ithentakethebookinhandandfindaplaceforitonmybookshelf.WhenIstepbackandlookatthebooksonmyshelf,itisasifIamlookingatthehistoryofthedifferentlivesthatIhavelived.Abstractsareusefulasatooltoanend,butreadingtheactual(真正的)bookissomethingmuchricher.Reading,likeanythingelseinlife,ismuchmoreaboutthejourneythaniteverwasthedestination(目的地).29.Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttosay?A.Readingabstractsisabestshortwaytoenjoyliterature.B.Readingabstractscannotbringyouthetruefeelingofactualreading.C.Readingdifferentkindsofbooksbringsyoumanyadvantages.D.Thejourneyandthedestinationareequallyimportantinourreading.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句话可知它的主题是“在我们的阅读中旅行的过程和目的地一样的重要。”，所以答案选D。DPeoplethinkthatsmartphonesandlaptopsareevidenceofprogress.Acertainnumberofonlinesearching,forexample,canbegoodforyourbrain,andthereareappsthatcandevelopyourbrain.Yettechimprovementsalsocomewithsomeunexpectedresults.Studieshaveshownthatblue-enrichedlightfromelectronicthingslikesmartphonescandisturb(干扰)thebody’sinternalclockandmakesitimpossibleforyoutosticktoapropersleeptimetable.Losingsleephasbadinfluenceonyourbrain,suchasbadmoodsandproblemswithmemory.Technologymakesitmucheasiertogetabsent-minded,forexample,youstepawayfromanimportantprojecttocheckyoursmartphone.Teensaremoreabsent-mindedthanever.Arecentsurveyof2,400teachersfoundthatmosteducatorsfeelstudentsaremoreabsent-mindedthanoldgenerations(一代).Some64percentagreedwiththeideathattoday’sdigitaltechnologiesdomoretodrawawaystudents’attentionthantohelpthemwithstudy.Andtechnologymakespeoplemuchmoreforgetfulthantheyusedtobe.Infact,thenewgenerationaremorelikelytoforgetwhatdayitisorwheretheyputtheirkeysthanpeopleovertheageof55,accordingtoaTrendingMachinesurvey.JoPatricia,adoctor,saidtechnologywastoblame.“Thisisapopulationthathasgrownupusingtechnology,oftensufferingfromsleeplessness,whichresultsinhighlevelsofforgetfulness,”shesaid.PeoplewhodependonGPStogetaroundhavelessactivityinthehippocampus(海马体),anareaofthebraininbothmemoryanddirection.AstudyfromtheUniversityofLondonevenfoundthattaxidrivershadamoredevelopedhippocampusthannon-taxidrivers—becausetheyaresousedtousingspatial(空间的)memory,ratherthandependingonGPS.Nowthatyou’reprobablyafraidoftheinfluenceoftechnology,letusremindyouthatyoudohavethepowertopreventit.Justlogoffeveryonceinawhile!37.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Surveyscarriedoutinschool.B.Appsusedtodevelopmemory.C.Progressmadeinelectronicproducts.D.Harmfulinfluencebroughtbydigitaltechnology.【答案】37.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据“Yettechimprovementsalsocomewithsomeunexpectedresults.”以及“Nowthatyou’reprobablyafraidoftheinfluenceoftechnology,letusremindyouthatyoudohavethepowertopreventit.Justlogoffeveryonceinawhile!”和全文内容可知本文主要讲述了数字技术带来的有害影响。故选D。猜测词义题在中考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。猜测词义的五种方法：a.定义法However,babyanimalslookboth“cuter”andmore“pleasant”thanadultanimals.Whatwouldhappenifthetestdifferencecamefromtheirbeing“pleasant”?Tofindtheanswer,theresearcherschosesomefoodpictureswhichlookedpleasantbutnotcute,andgavethemtoanothergroupofstudents.Butseeingthefoodsdidnotmakethestudentsperformanybetterinthenumbertest.Thisfindingsuggeststhatseeingcutepicturesmakesstudentsbehavemoredeliberately,thatistosay,theyperformtaskswithgreatertimeandcare.31.Theunderlinedword“deliberately”hastheclosestmeaningto“________”.A.happily B.carefully C.actively D.correctly【答案】31.B【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Thisfindingsuggeststhatseeingcutepicturesmakesstudentsbehavemoredeliberately,thatistosay,theyperformtaskswithgreatertimeandcare.”可知，他们会花更多的时间和精力来完成任务，可推知上一句含义是“看到可爱的图片会让学生表现得更小心翼翼”，因此“deliberately”意为“carefully”，故选B。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle...thatis,itwillbreakeasily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。b.同位法Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义，即“城堡”。c.对比法Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一词表转折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。d.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以断定possibility意思是“可能性”。e.因果法“Whatalsoshockedusishowcruel(残忍的)someyoungoffenderscanbe,”saidShiWeizhong.InschoolviolencecasesinBeijingduringthelastfiveyears,14percentoftheoffendersnotonlybeatothers,butalsoinsulted(侮辱)them.Theyslappedothers,madethemkneeldown(下跪),andinsomecasestookoffotherpeople’sclothes.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shocked”meaninParagraph5?A.excited B.interested C.pleased D.surprised【答案】34.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据howcruel(残忍的)someyoungoffenderscanbe可知有些青少年罪犯非常残忍，因此对于他们的残忍，人们应感到震惊，故选D。Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久的”。“What?”heaskedatlast,inafaintvoice,hardlytobeheard.“Please,sir,”repliedOliver,“Iwantsomemore.”27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“faint”mean?A.Loud. B.High. C.Calm. D.Weak.【答案】27.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据“hardlytobeheard”可知，说的很小心几乎听不见，所以faint与weak同义，故选D。Wildbeavers(河狸)areback!Expertssaythatthewildbeaverfamiliesaredoingwell.Thebeaversareevenboostingwildlifeandtheenvironment!48.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“boosting”inparagraph1?A.building B.spreading C.helping D.creating【答案】48.C【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Expertssaythatthewildbeaverfamiliesaredoingwell.Thebeaversareevenboostingwildlifeandtheenvironment!”可知，河狸有助于野生动物和环境，因此“boosting”意为“helping”。故选C。Mars’orbitismoreelliptical(椭圆的)thanEarth’s,sothedifferencebetweenperihelionandaphelion(远日点)isgreater,Mars’orbithasbeengettingmoreandmoreelongated,carryingtheplanetevennearertotheSunatperihelionandevenfartherawayataphelion.SofutureperihelicoppositionswillbringEarthandMarsevencloser.Our2003recordwillstanduntilAugust28,2287!44.Inthesentence“...Mars’orbithasbeengettingmoreandmoreelongated...”,“elongated”means________.A.伸长的 B.拉长 C.延长 D.被拉得.细长的【答案】44.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据“carryingtheplanetevennearertotheSunatperihelionandevenfartherawayataphelion”可知，近日点离太阳更近，远日点离太阳更远，因此火星的轨道变得越来越长，猜测“elongated”意为“伸长的”。故选A。Thismeansthenaturalgrowthrateofthepopulationwasjust0.34per1,000people.ItisthelowestsinceChina’sGreatFamine（饥荒）from1959to1961,whichkilledabout30millionpeopleandcausedapopulationdecline.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decline”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Change. B.Fall. C.Rise. D.Level.【答案】22.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据“ItisthelowestsinceChina’sGreatFaminefrom1959to1961,whichkilledabout30millionpeopleandcausedapopulationdecline.”以及选项可知，此处decline意为“下降”，与“Fall”意义相同。故选B。【好题分享】C“HaveyoueverheardLouissaygoodmorningandgoodnighttous,astheothersdo?”“Sinceyoumentionit,Ineverhave,”saidthehusband.“Goodness!Whatareyougettingat?DoyouwishmetobelievethatIhaveasonwhoisdumbinanyway?Thiswouldworryme.Iwanteverythingtogowellinmyfamilylife.Fatherhoodishard.Idonotwanttheaddedstressofhavingadumbchild.”“Well,”saidthewife,“I’vebeenwatchingLouisrecently.Ithinkthelittleguycan’ttalk.I’veneverheardhimmakeonesound.Ithinkhecameintotheworldlacking(缺失)avoice.Ifhehadavoice,he’duseit,sameastheothersdo.”“Why,thisisterrible!”saidthehusband.“Thisispainful.Thisisaveryseriousmatter.”Hiswifelookedathim.“It’snottooseriousnow,”shesaid.“ButitwillbeserioustwoorthreeyearsfromnowwhenLouisfallsinlove,ashewillsurelydo.Ayoungmaleswanwillbegreatlyhandicappedinfindingamateifhecan’tsaytheusualsweetwordstotheyoungfemaleofhischoice.”Thehusbandstoodquietly,thinkingaboutwhathiswifehadjusttoldhim.Hewasabravebird,andalreadyhewasbeginningtoworkoutaplanforhislittlesonLouis.“Ifit’sreallytruethatLouishasnovoice,”saidthehusbandtohimself,“thenIshallprovidehimwithadevice(装置)ofsomekind,toenablehimtomakealotofnoise.Theremustbesomewayoutofthisdifficulty.Afterall,mysonisTrumpeterSwan;heshouldhaveavoicelikeatrumpet(小号).ButfirstIwilltesthimtomakecertainthatwhathismothersaysistrue.”(TakenfromTheTrumpetoftheSwan)27.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“begreatlyhandicapped”inParagraph5mean?A.Havemuchtrouble. B.Havegreatfun.C.Bequiteuninterested. D.Beverysuccessful.28.Whatistheswancouple’stalkmainlyabout?A.ThedreamaboutLouis’sfuture. B.TheplanforLouis’seducation.C.TheproblemwithLouis’shealth. D.ThesuggestiononLouis’sgrowth.【答案】27.A28.C【解析】文章选自《吹小号的天鹅》，主要讲了妻子发现Louis不能发声后丈夫的反应。【27题详解】词义猜测题。根据“ifhecan’tsaytheusualsweetwordstotheyoungfemaleofhischoice”可知无法对心仪的雌天鹅说寻常的甜言蜜语，会很难找到配偶，begreatlyhandicapped意为“有很多麻烦”。故选A。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据“HaveyoueverheardLouissaygoodmorningandgoodnighttous,astheothersdo?”可知文章由Louis不能发声引出话题，天鹅夫妇主要在讨论Louis的健康问题。故选C。CTheNationalSpeedSkatingOval(theIceRibbon)saw12newOlympicrecordsandoneworldrecord,includingChinesespeedskaterGaoTingyu’sOlympicrecordof34.32secondsinthemen’s500meters.Knownas“thefastestice”,the12,000-square-meterrink(冰场)hasreceivedverygoodfeedbackfromtheathletes.“Itmakeseveryoneskatefaster,”GaoTingyusaidafterhebaggedthegold.61.Theunderlined“it”inParagraph3refersto________.A.theicerink B.thegoldmedal C.therecord D.thefeedback【答案】61.A【解析】词句猜测题。根据文中的句子“the12,000-square-meterrink(冰场)hasreceivedverygoodfeedbackfromtheathletes.”可知，此处的it指代之前提到的溜冰场。故选A。DStickingtoavegan（坚持素食的）dietmightsounddifficult,especiallysincemanypopulardisheshavemeatinthem.Yetinrecentyears,veganismhasbecomeoneofthefastest-growingtrends（趋势）intheworld.AccordingtoHuffPost,morethan3millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesarevegans.IntheUK,about542,000peoplehavechosenveganismoverthepast10years.Whatisdrivingthisgrowthinveganism?Onereasonmightbethatpeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironment.Accordingtoa2013studybytheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization,globalmeatmanufacturing（加工）causesabout18percentoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions（排放）.Thisismorethanalltheworldscars,trainsandplanescombined.AccordingtoBBCNews,onereasonisthatmanyoftoday’syoungpeoplebelieveit’swrongtokillanimalsforfood.Formanypeople,veganismsimplymeanseatingnomeat,cheeseoreggs,butgoinganimal-freealsoapplies（应用）tofashionandmanufacturing.Forexample,leatherisusedtomakeshoesandclothing.Everyyearmorethan1billionanimals,fromcowstohorsestosnakes,arekilledtomakeproductsfromtheirskins.Now,manybrandsarelookingforothermaterials.ThesportsbrandPuma,forexample,hasmadeshoesoutofpineappleleaves.Tesla,theUScarmaker,issaidtoberemoving（去除）animal-basedleatherfromitsseats.Earlierthisyear,USsingerLadyGagacreatedtheveganmakeupbrandHausLaboratories.Onthebrand’sInstagramaccount,itsays:“Cruelty-free（零残忍）andvegan,becauseweloveanimalsandyou.”So,ifyou’reinterestedinprotectinganimalsandsavingtheenvironment,youmightwanttogiveveganismatry.68.“Cruelty-free”inParagraph5means________.A.noanimalsarekilled B.environmentallyfriendlyC.someanimalsareharmed D.wearefreetobecruel69.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tohelppeoplechooseahealthydiet.B.Toencouragepeopletoprotecttheenvironment.C.Tointroducethetrendofveganism.D.Toexplainanimalcruelty.【答案】68.A69.C【解析】本文讲述坚持素食这种增长逐渐增快的趋势，讲述坚持素食的成因。【68题详解】词义猜测题。根据“vegan,becauseweloveanimals”坚持素食，因为爱动物，可知“Cruelty-free”表达“不捕杀动物，没有动物被猎杀”。故选A。【69题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“veganismhasbecomeoneofthefastest-growingtrendsintheworld”可知，文章主要的目的是为了介绍坚持素食这种趋势。故选C。BIfyou’reluckyenoughtohavetodayofffromwork,themostimportantthingonyourto-dolististoactuallytakethedayoff.Takingtimetoletyourbrainrestreallymakesyoumorecreative,betteratproblem-solving,betteratcomingupwithcreativeideas.Huglaziness.Yes,yes,you’rebusy,I’mbusy,we’rebusyingourselvestobetiredout.Butifyouhavetodayoff,takeastandagainstallthisbusyness.Beingbusy—ifweevenarebusy—israrelythesignwe’vecometobelieveitis.Nonetheless,theinfluenceisreal,andexamplesofburnout,anxiety(焦虑),disordersandstress-relateddiseasesareontherise.Haveafamilymeal.Itcanbehardtogetthewholefamilytogetherforameal.Work,school,sportspracticesandotherdutiesallseem