冲刺2022年高考-语法填空专训-谓语非谓语(四)

冲刺2022年高考语法填空专训（四）谓语非谓语妙法应对玩转百变动词动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和主谓一致及虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词)及词性转换。第一节谓语动词(时态、语态与主谓一致)如何判断填谓语动词解题攻略•第一步：确定是否作谓语首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。•第二步：若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致：①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；②看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)；③看人称和数，确保主谓一致典例印证[典例][2021·全国卷甲]TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It__41__(build)originallytoprotectthecity42.intheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).分析：第一步：确定填谓语。分析句子成分可知，空处和“hasnowbeencompletelyrestored”作并列谓语。第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。有时间状语“intheTangdynasty”可知发生在过去，根据主语“it(theXi'anCityWall)”与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。技法1提示词为动词时，确定时态的四根据典例导引1.[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.解析：考查时态。句中有时间状语then,因此这里说的是当初人们把那些石头放在固定的位置上(即做成石头台阶)很难。快捷思维1.慧眼识别标志词在题干中，yesterday，tomorrow，always，since，inthepastfewyears，sofar等都是判定动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。典例导引2.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand________(point)downtheriver.解析：考查时态。空处与smiled构成并列谓语，故用一般过去时。自主解答：________快捷思维2.瞻前顾后找并列表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致，如：and，but，notonly...butalso引导的句子时态相呼应，应该一致。典例导引3.[2020·浙江卷7月]Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods________(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.解析：考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，Newmethods与mean是主谓关系，同时结合前两句的时态为一般过去时，故填meant。自主解答：________快捷思维3.通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。典例导引4.[2021·沈阳监测]ThiswasthefirsttimeI________(experience)sandstormsandIdon'teverwanttobeinoneagain.解析：此题考查固定句式“Thiswasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.”因此，从句用过去完成时。自主解答：________快捷思维4.通过“常用句式”解决时态问题掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。【技法点金】牢记常见固定句式中的时态1．was/weredoing...when＋一般过去时2．was/wereabouttodo...when＋一般过去时3．had(just)done...when＋一般过去时4．Hardly＋had＋主语＋done...when＋一般过去时5．Nosooner＋had＋主语＋done...when＋一般过去时6．This/That/Itisthe＋序数词＋time＋that＋现在完成时7．This/That/Itwasthe＋序数词＋time＋that＋过去完成时8．Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时【过关检测】1．[2021·西安中学第二次仿真练习]Sincethe1980s,withthequickeningofurbanization,manytraditionalhouses________(disappear).2．[2021·泰安市第四次模拟]ThebeautifulsceneryandvarioustraditionalcustomsofLiangshanYiAutonomousPrefecture(行政区)________(bring)greatresourcestothelocaltourismindustryinthepastdecade.3．[2021·辽宁省“名校交流”联考]Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidtypingenabledbybioprintingatpresent________(push)medicaladvancesforwardatpace.4．[2020·浙江7月]Byabout6000BC,people________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.5．[2020·江苏高考改编]There,henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalso________(become)anaccomplishedpublicspeaker.6．[2021·江西省重点中学盟校第一次联考]Asaresult,asthenumberofqubits(量子位)________(increase),thecomputingabilityofquantumcomputersrisestoo.7．[2021·梧州一模]Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile，“Gotoexerciseandyou________(feel)better.”8．[2021·济宁模拟]Therefore,itishightimethatwe________(take)effectivemeasurestoimprovethecurrentsituation.技法2提示词为动词时，明确逻辑关系定语态典例导引1.[2021·全国甲卷]TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It61.________(build)originallytoprotectthecity62.intheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).解析：考查时态语态。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，与主语it构成动宾关系，故用被动语态；且根据originally可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时。自主解答：________快捷思维分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，与主语之间是主动关系时，应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。典例导引2.ThebookswhichwerewrittenbyZhouMeisen,afamouswriterinJiangsu,________(sell)well.解析：根据句意可知，sell在此处表示事物所具有的特征，应用主动形式。自主解答：________快捷思维分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，且表示的是主语所具有的特征时，应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。【过关检测】1．[2021·银川市高三考前适应性训练一]Newly-developedroboticarms____________(show)onTuesdayineastChina'sAnhuiProvince.2．[2021·安徽师大附中5月模拟]Muchoftheexistingwater____________(filter)alreadybyaprocessdesignedtoremovemorethan62radioactivecontaminants.3．[2021·成都市一诊模拟]Bornin712,DuFulivedthroughtheviolentfallofChina'sbrilliantTangDynasty.Hehadthedesiretoservehiscountry,buthislife____________(destroy)bytheAnLushanRebellionof755.4．[2020·浙江1月高考]Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould____________(place)onlongevity(长寿).5．[2021·成都七中高三热身]Almostanythingcould____________(paint)onzheshan,butthemostpopularonesusuallyfeaturedlandscapes.6．ThebookswhichwerewrittenbyZhouMeisen,afamouswriterinJiangsu,________(sell)outhere.技法3提示词为动词时，确定主谓一致的三原则典例导引1.[2020·新高考山东卷]Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection________(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.解析：考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据时间状语Often可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为“onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection”，是单数形式，故此处用is。自主解答：________快捷思维分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，要考虑语法一致原则确定谓语动词单复数。牢记：1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。2．v.-ing作主语，谓语用单数。典例导引2.[2021·厦门市质量检测]Walkingtowork,takingpartinanonlineexerciseprogramormeetingwithfriendsforawalkalso________(work)toeasilygetmorephysicalactivity.解析：考查一般现在时和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。并列主语用or连接时，主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。“meetingwithfriendsforawalk”为动名词，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数。自主解答：________快捷思维1.就近原则：由or;either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。2．就远原则：主语后跟有with，togetherwith，aswellas，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。典例导引3.Thefamilyaswellastheirdog________(trap)ontheroofbythefloodyesterday.解析：分析句子结构可知，trap在句中作谓语，主语是thefamily,在此指的是一家人，根据意义一致原则，应用复数形式。自主解答：________快捷思维分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，主语是集体名词时，要考虑主谓一致原则确定其单复数。集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数形式，看作个体时，谓语用复数形式。【过关检测】1．[2021·咸阳市高考模拟]Eventhoughthere________(be)moreopportunitiestogooutanddofunthingsinthecity,itmaytakefocusawayfromyourstudies.2．[2021·新乡市三模]Whatyouseenow________(be)justtheshadowofalargerancestraldistribution.3．[2021·山西太原高三押宝题]GrainBuds,(Chinese:小满),the8thsolartermofayear，________(mean)thattheseedsfromthegrainarebecomingfullbutarenotripe.4．[2021·湖北省黄冈市高三调研]Practicing,tosumup,________(be)ofgreatestimportanceforthosewhoaredeterminedtolearnknowledgewell.5．[2021·湖南长郡中学模拟]ThetraditionalChinesemarriageusually________(involve)somenecessaryprocedures，suchasmatch-making，engagement，meetingthebride，andthreebows.6．[2021·宁波九校联考]It'ssaidthatnotgettingenoughsleep________(lead)topoorjudgment，lackofcreativity，andevendepression.Test1[2021·昆明市高三“三诊一模”]Theideaofinvitingthepublictotakepartinscientificstudiesisknownas“citizenscience”.Anyone1.________helpsscientistsdothejobiscalleda“citizenscientist”.Whatcanyougetifyoubecomeacitizenscientist?Asenseofpurpose!Citizenscienceprojectscanhelpyoumakegooduseof2.________(you)time.Funtimes!Youneverknowwhatmight3.________(find).Moreeducation!Learnaboutsome4.________(attract)thingswhiledoingscientificjobs.Whenyou'rehavingfunintheparkandseeabird,whynottakeapictureofit?Withasimpleclick,youcouldbehelpingscientists!ShanghaiNaturalHistoryMuseumhas5.________app.Peoplecanuploadsounds,6.________(photo)andlocationsofanimalsiftheyseethemaroundtheircity.Scientistscanusethesedata7.________(study)cityanimalsandbetterprotectthem.Infact,peoplejustlikeyoucanhelpoutwithmanyscientificstudies.Forexample,scientistsalwaysspendmanyyears8.________(discover)everykindofladybug(瓢虫)intheworld.Butifweshareourownpicturesofladybugswithscientists,theycanfindthemmuch9.________(fast).Asoneoldsayinggoes,“Manyhandsmakelightwork.”Ofcourse,thereismoretostudythanjustanimals.Therearemanyotherfunprojects,such10.________watchingstarsandclouds,countingpenguinsandevenlisteningtolaughs.You'llfindthatscienceisfunandisforeveryone!Test2[2021·贵阳市学期监测]“Awonderfulexperience.Thestaffatthehotelmadeeverythingeasyandcomfortable.Weonlyhadalongweekend,andwishithadbeen1.________(long).I'malreadywondering2.________Icanvisitagain，”KarenB,atouristfromAustralia,describesherstayatTeaCozyonTripAdvisor.The“hotel”sheisreferringtois3.________(actual)ahomestay(家庭寄宿)inYangshuo,whichnow4.________(have)around1，000homestays.AsoneofChina'searlytouristdestinationstoopenuptotheworldintheearly1980s,Yangshuogot5.________(it)firsthomestayinthemid-1980s.Ithasnowgrownintoanindustry.WuJianyuan,a30-year-oldfromJiwoduvillageinYangshuoreturned6.________herhometowntoworkasafrontdeskmanageratahomestayafter7.________(gain)experienceofworkinginhotelsinGuangdongandJiangsu8.________(province).“Thepaymentisbetterhere.Lifeandworkarestable,andYangshuoisnotonly9.________beautifulplace,butmyhometoo，”shesays.WuisoneofthemanyworkersfromYangshuowhoreturnedtoworkinherhometown.ThetourismindustryisrecoveringquicklyastheCOVID-19haslargely10.________(control)inChina.ThebookingrateathomestaysinYangshuo,particularlythehigh-endones,hasalmostreturnedtothepre-pandemiclevel.Test3[2021·河南、广东、湖北、湖南部分学校3月联考]Atextbookexchangeisabusinessthatbuysandsellscollegetextbooks.Textbookscanrepresent1.________significantpartofastudent'seducationbudget.Bypurchasingusedtextbooksorsellingunneededbookstoatextbookexchange,studentscan2.________(great)reducetheirexpenses.Traditionally,universitybookstoresweretheonlysourcesfor3.________(require)textbooks.Thesuccessofbookstores4.________buyandsellusedbooksinspiredsomebusinesses5.________(copy)theprocessfortextbooks.Atextbookexchangewillpurchasetextbooksfromstudentswhohavecompletedcoursesandnolongerneedthematerials.Thismeansthebusinesscanreselltheusedbooksatapricemuchlowerthantheiroriginalcost.Thisisvery6.________(benefit)tostudentswhoarestrugglingtomeettheirschoolfeesandlivingexpenses.Eversinceitfirstappeared,thetextbookexchange7.________(increase)theoptionsforstudents.Nowusedtextbooks8.________(deliver)almostanywherethroughanystandarddeliveryservice.Thismeansstudentsarenotlimited9.________thebooksavailableattheirlocaluniversitybookstores.Theycancompare10.________(price)onanationaloreveninternationallevelandchoosethemostreasonablypricededitions.Thischangesthesupply­and­demandeconomicfactorsthatcreatehighpricesformosttextbooks.Test4[2021·南昌市一模]RarelyhasasportsteaminChinareceivedpraiseand1.________(admire)asenthusiasticallyastheChinesewomen'svolleyballteam.Ithasagreateffect2.________Chinesepeoplefromallwalksoflife.DirectorPeterChina'sfilmLeapshinesaspotlightonthestrugglesofseveralgenerationsoftheChineseteamintheirattempts3.________(achieve)gloryfortheircountry.Chanbroughtoutintotheopenthedifficultiesbehindproduction.Forexample,thecrewbuilt4.________volleyballtrainingbaseinBeijingbytakingapartandmovingtheoriginal5.________(wood)floorfromthebaseinordertorecreatetheoriginalatmosphere.“Thefloorstillshowstheblood,tearandsweat6.________(leave)bythewomen'svolleyballteammembersbackinthe1980s，”Channoted.“ThepeoplelovetheChinesewomen'svolleyballteam,notonlybecauseyou7.________(win)thechampionship,butalsobecauseyouhavedisplayedthespiritofputtingthemotherlandfirst,throughunity,cooperation,tenacityandnevergivingup.”Thespirit8.________(praise)byPresidentXiJinping,9.________greetedTeamChinaattheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijingonSeptember30.10．________(sure),thatspiritwillliveon.Test5[2021·广东六校联盟高三第二次联考]Tencent'sWeChatintroducednewemojistoits1.________(exist)emojisetonWednesday.2.________newemojisincludeafacewithrollingeyes,a“letmesee”face,3.________thatissighing,acrackedsmilingfaceandsoon.The“letmesee”emoji,4.________featuresafacewithapeekingeye,hasbecomeahottopicamongnetusers5.________itresemblesPrinceYongqiinthehitTVdramaPrincessHuanzhu.ThetopfivemostpopularemojisusedbyWeChatusersin20196.________(be)“facepalm,grin,chuckle,thumb­upandrose”，accordingtoareportreleasedbyTencent'sWeChatinJanuary.Forusersborninthe2000s,theirfavoriteWeChatemojiwouldprobablybethewidelyused“facepalm”.Mostpost­90sWeChatusersarelate7.________(rise)comparedwithothergroups,andtheemoji“facewithtearsofjoy”rulestheironlinesociallife.Forusersborninthe1980s,theirreadingtaste8.________(change)littleoverthelastthreeyears,astheystillsticktonewsonnationalaffairs.Anda“toothygrin”istheiremojioftheyear.WeChatusersborninthe1970sarean9.________(optimism)group,who