2024秋新教材高中英语Unit4NaturaldisastersSectionII演练达标新人教版必修第一册

PAGE14-ReadingandThinking(1)阅读理解AApowerfulearthquakestruckthenortheasterncoastofJapanat2:46p.m.localtimeonMarch112011.Japan’sMeteorologicalAgencyreleaseditsfirsttsunamiwarningsjustthreeminuteslater.Thecountryhasoneofthebestearthquakeearlywarningsystemsintheworld.TherearemorethanfourthousandSeismicIntensityMeters(地震烈度测量仪)inplacethroughoutJapantomeasureearthquakeactivity.Thesemetersprovideinformationwithintwominutesofanearthquakehappening.Informationaboutthestrengthandthecentreoftheearthquakecanbelearnedwithinthreeminutes.Therearealsoconcrete(混凝土)seawallsaroundmuchoftheJapanesecoastline.Butthesemeasuresprovednomatchforthepowerfulearthquakeandtsunami.CostasSynolakis,atsunamiexpertattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniasaid,“Japanisoneofthosemostwell-preparedcountriesonEarthintermsoftsunamiwarning.Theyhadawarning.Ithinkwhatwentwrongisthattheyhadnotexpectedthesizeofthisevent.”Hesaystherearetworeasonsforthis.Japanhasnothadanyeventanywherenearasbigasthisoneinthelastonehundredandfiftyyears.AndscientistshadnotexpectedsuchalargeearthquakehappeningoffthecoastofJapan.Theninepointzeromagnitudeearthquakewasthefourthmostpowerfulearthquakeeverrecordedworldwide.ItwasalsotheworstearthquakeevertohitJapan.Thetsunamiwavesthatfollowedwerereportedtohavereachedashighasthirteenmetresinsomeareas.CostasSynolakissaysJapan’sconcreteseawallswerenotbuilttohandlesuchhighwaves.1.Wherecanthispassageprobablybeadaptedfrom?A.Anewspaper.B.Afairytale.C.Asportswebsite.D.Anentertainmentmagazine.解析：推理推断题。本文介绍了日本由于地震所引发的海啸对日本产生的巨大破坏以及日本对于地震的预防等方面的信息,故最有可能是来自报纸。答案：A2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.AterribleearthquakehitthenortheasterncoastofJapan.B.ThepowerfulearthquakewasalsotheworstoneinJapan.C.The9.0earthquakewasthefourthmostpowerfulearthquakeeverrecordedinJapan.D.Japan’sconcreteseawallswereunabletohandlesuchhighwaves.解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章倒数其次段中的“Theninepointzeromagnitudeearthquakewasthefourthmostpowerfulearthquakeeverrecordedworldwide.”可知,9.0级地震是全世界范围里第四大的地震,而不是日本。故C项说法错误。答案：C3.WhydidJapansuffersuchalossaccordingtoCostasSynolakis?A.Thecountryhasneverexperiencedanyeventasbigasthisoneoverthepast150years.B.Japanhasthebestearthquakeearlywarningsystems.C.TherearenotenoughconcreteseawallsaroundtheJapanesecoastline.D.Thegovernmentdidn’tannounceitsfirsttsunamiwarningsthreeminutesearlier.解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章倒数第三段中“Japanhasnothadanyeventanywherenearasbigasthisoneinthelastonehundredandfiftyyears.”可知,破坏性如此之大是因为日本人没有预料到有如此严峻的地震会攻击日本。故A项正确。答案：ABMandaraseemedtoknowsomethingbigwasabouttohappen.Sosheletoutayell,caughtholdofher2-year-olddaughterKibibiandclimbedupintoatree.ShelivesattheNationalZooinWashingtonD.C.AndonTuesday,August23rd,witnessessaidsheseemedtosensethebigearthquakethatshookmuchoftheEastCoastbeforeanyhumansknewwhatwasgoingon.Andshe’snottheonlyone.Inthemomentsbeforethequake,anorangutan(猩猩)letoutaloudcallandthenclimbedtothetopofhershelter.“It’sverydifferentfromtheirnormalcall,”saidBrandieSmith,thezookeeper.“Thelemurs(monkey-likeanimalsofMadagascar)willsoundanalarmcalliftheyseeorhearsomethinghighlyunusual.”“Animalscanhearaboveandbelowourrangeofhearing,”saidBrandieSmith.“That’spartoftheirspecialabilities.”Primatesweren’ttheonlyanimalsthatseemedtosensethequakebeforeithappened.Oneoftheelephantsmadeawarningsoundandahugelizard(蜥蜴)ranquicklyforcover.Theflamingoes(akindofbird)gatheredbeforethequakeandstayedtogetheruntiltheshakingstopped.Notalltheanimalsbehavedunusuallybeforethequake.Forexample,Smithsaidthezoo’sgiantpandasdidn’tjumpupuntiltheshakingactuallybegan.Butmanyoftheotheranimalsseemedtoknowsomethingwascomingbeforeithappened.“I’mnotsurprisedatall,”Smithsaid.4.WhydidMandaraactstrangelyoneday?A.Becauseshesensedsomethingunusualwouldhappen.B.BecauseherdaughterKibibiwasinjured.C.Becausesheheardanorangutanletoutaloudcall.D.Becauseanearthquakehadhappened.解析：细微环节理解题。依据文中“Mandaraseemedtoknowsomethingbigwasabouttohappen.Sosheletoutayell,caughtholdofher2-year-olddaughterKibibiandclimbedupintoatree.”可知,Mandara似乎意识到有什么不同寻常的事情要发生,故A项正确。答案：A5.Whichanimalseemsunabletosensequakes?A.Alizard. B.Aflamingo.C.Alemur. D.Agiantpanda.解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章最终一段中的“Forexample,Smithsaidthezoo’sgiantpandasdidn’tjumpupuntiltheshakingactuallybegan.”可知,动物园的大熊猫直到地震真正起先时才跳起来。答案：D6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowAnimalsSurviveaQuakeB.HowAnimalsDifferfromHumansC.HowAnimalsBehaveBeforeaQuakeD.HowAnimalsProtectTheirYounginaQuake解析：主旨大意题。通览全文可知,本文主要讲解并描述震前动物的反应和表现,故C项正确。答案：CCLastweekmyyoungestsonandIvisitedmyfatherathisnewhomeinTucson,Arizona.Hemovedthereafewyearsago,andIwaseagertoseehisnewplaceandmeethisfriends.Myearliestmemoriesofmyfatherareofatall,handsome,successfulmandevotedtohisworkandfamilybutuncomfortablewithhischildren.AsachildIlovedhim,asaschoolgirlandyoungadultIfearedhimandfeltbadabouthim.HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightA’sandunhappywithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotas“successful”ashewas.WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends,Iusedtostruggletothinkupthingstosay,feelingonguard.Onthefirstdayofmyvisit,wewentoutwithoneofmyfather’sfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafé.Wewalkedalongthatafternoon,didsomeshopping,ateatthestreettable,andlaughedovermyson’sfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfather’scritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules.WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather,whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound?Whathadheldhimbackbefore?Thenextdaymydadpulledouthischildhoodpicturesandtoldmequiteafewstoriesabouthisownchildhood.Althoughourtimestogetherbecameeasierovertheyears,Ineverfeltclosertohimatthatmoment.Aftersomanyyears,I’matlastseeinganothersideofmyfather.Andinsodoing,I’mdelightedwithmynewfriend.Mydad,inhisnewhomeinArizona,isbacktomefromwherehewas.7.Whydidtheauthorfeelbadaboutherfatherasayoungadult?A.Hewassilentmostofthetime.B.Hewastooproudofhimself.C.Hedidnotlovehischildren.D.Heexpectedtoomuchofher.解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段中的“HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightA’sandunhappywithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotas‘successful’ashewas.”可知,作者小时候对爸爸感觉不好是因为爸爸对她要求很高。答案：D8.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshewentoutwithherfather?A.Nervous. B.Sorry.C.Excited. D.Safe.解析：推理推断题。依据其次段中“WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends,Iusedtostruggletothinkupthingstosay,feelingonguard.”,再结合作者小时候对爸爸的看法和看法可知,每次和父亲一起外出度周末,她都特别惊慌。答案：A9.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofherfatherafterhervisittoTucson?A.Morecritical.B.Moreunhappy.C.Gentleandfriendly.D.Strictandhard-working.解析：推理推断题。依据文章第三段和第四段的描述可知,作者的爸爸其实也很温柔、友善。从第三段结尾的反问句可以知道作者对爸爸的观感有了改变。第四段中作者感觉和爸爸成了挚友。答案：C10.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.OurGoodTimesB.MyFatherIsBacktoMeC.MyChildhoodD.MyEarliestMemories解析：主旨大意题。作者以前始终以为爸爸是个严厉、苛刻的人,但到了图森市和爸爸接触之后才看到爸爸友善的一面,整篇文章讲解并描述的就是对爸爸的情感转变过程,故B项正确。答案：BDSomepeoplearenaturallybetterthanothersatsocialactivities.Therearetheluckyfewthatdrawpeopletothemwithoutanyeffort.11Putyourselfateaseandrememberthesetips:

Smile!Asmileisunderstoodinanycultureandanyageasasignoffriendship.Sogoahead!Itwillputtheotherpersonatease.Youwillseemapproachableandhappy.12

Makeeyecontact.Goodeyecontactengagestheotherpersontoyou.Whenyouareintroducedtosomeone,shaketheirhandsandrepeattheirnames.13Makingeyecontactshowsyouhaveconfidenceandareinterestedintheotherperson.

14Havingatrustedfriendnexttoyoumakesitlessfrighteningtowalkintoaroomfullofpeople.Butrememberthatevenifyouwalkinasapair,itdoesn’tmeanyoujuststicktogetherthewholetime.Thepointinasocialgatheringisthatyoumakefriendswithotherpeople.

Gotosocialsettingswithasharedinterest.Forexample,joininganartclassautomaticallyputsyouinasettingwithotherpeopleyoualreadyhaveacommoninterestin.15

A.Gowithfriends.B.Asktheotherpersonquestions.C.Thatwillhelpyouremembertheirnames.D.Thisistheworstimpressiontomakeinanysetting.E.Itwilllettheotherpersonknowthatyouaresafetotalkto.F.Butformostofus,wefeelshyandawkwardinsocialactivities.G.Younowhavesomethingtotalkaboutandworkitfromthere.11.解析：前面提到,很少有人能毫不费劲地吸引人们。空前句中的“theluckyfew”与F项中的“mostofus”相对应,同时F项中的but引起的句子与空前一句意义正好相反。答案：F12.解析：本段主要讲解并描述“微笑”的魅力,首先E项中的代词it指代的是“微笑”,同时E项也是表述微笑的好处。答案：E13.解析：依据前面一句,当你被介绍给某人时,握他们的手并重复他们的名字,很简单推知下层意思:因为这会帮助你记住他们的名字。C项中的代词that与上句相呼应。答案：C14.解析：要求选择本段的小标题。通览本段内容可知,这里讲的是值得信任的挚友的陪伴,故A项正确。答案：A15.解析：前面作者建议,依据你的爱好去参与社交活动。因为当你有了一些可以谈论的东西,就能从这些方面起先谈论。故G项正确。答案：GReadingandThinking(2)[基础测评]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thenursetakescareofthepatientasifhe(be)herfather.

2.Herrefusaltodothejobleftme(shock).ThereforeIwasspeechless.

3.Itseemedthathehadgreatdifficulty(breathe)afterabouttwenty-fiveminutes’jogging.

4.Thefamilyaswellastheirdog(trap)ontheroofbytheflood.

5.Hardashetried,allhis(effort)togetthatjobendedupwithfailure.

6.Thelittlegirlwassittingwithherhead(bury)inaninterestingbook.

7.(see)thepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.

8.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodruins.

9.Mostofthemajorcitiesoftheworldsuffertrafficjams.

10.Theheavyraindidn’tdomuchdamagethecrops.

答案：1.were2.shocked3.breathing4.weretrapped5.efforts6.buried7.Seeing8.in9.from10.toⅡ.选词填空thedead,intimesof,asusual,asif,cometoanend,inruins,thenumberof,blowaway,inshock,digout1.foreignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitieshasbeenrisingsteadilysince1997.

2.IfIwerethewind,Iwouldthedustoftheworld.

3.Afterthebattle,thesoldiersburied.

4.Iregrettosaythatthehurricaneleftthecity.

5.Forme,thenightmare(噩梦)thatlasted132dayshastoday.

6.Whydidn’tyourfatherdriveyoutoschoolthatday?

7.Asyourbestfriend,Icouldnotleaveyoutrouble.

8.Thegirllookedaroundinsearchofsomething.

9.Theysatthereanddisbelief.

10.Manyvaluableshavebeenintheworkingsite.

答案：1.Thenumberof2.blowaway3.thedead4.inruins5.cometoanend6.asusual7.intimesof8.asif9.inshock10.dugoutⅢ.语法填空StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell.1.(chicken)andpigsweretoonervoustoeat.Brightlightswereseenintheskyandloudnoises2.(hear).

At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingto3.end!Alargecitylay4.ruinsinlessthanoneminute.Theearthquakecausedgreatdamagetothecity.Peoplewereinshock.Water,food,andelectricitywerehard5.(get).

Soon6.thequakes,soldiersweresenttothecitytodigoutthose7.weretrappedandtoburythedead.Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcare.8.(slow)thecitybeganto9.(breath)again.

Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuilt.Anduptonowthecity10.(become)ahometomorethansevenmillionpeople.

答案：1.Chickens2.wereheard3.an4.in5.toget6.after7.who8.Slowly9.breathe10.hasbecome[提升测评]Ⅳ.阅读理解Anearthquakeisatremblingorshakingofthegroundcausedbythesuddenrelease(释放)ofenergystoredintherocksbelowthesurface.Generally,earthquakeslastonlyseconds.Stronggroundshakingduringamedium(中等的)tolargeearthquakegenerallylastsabout10to30seconds.Aftershocks(余震)canoccuronceinawhileforweeksorevenmonths.Manypeoplethinkthatthereisan“earthquakeseason”orakindof“earthquakeweather”.Asamatteroffact,thereisn’t.Earthquakescanoccuratanytimeoftheyearandatanytimeofthedayornight.Earthquakesoccurunderallweatherconditions—sunny,wetorcoldwithoutanyspecialweathertendency(倾向).Also,youdon’tneedtoworrythatthegroundwillopenupandswallowpeoplewhenearthquakesoccur.Opengroundcracksmayformduringanearthquake—related,forexample,tolandslidingorgroundfalling.However,suchcrackstendtobeopengaps(theydon’t“swallow”)thatapersoncouldstandinafterwards.Thesafestplaceinanearthquakeisanopenfieldbecausebuildingsandfallingobjectscaninjureorkillyou.Ifyouareindoors,whenyoufeelthegroundstarttoshake,takecoverimmediatelyunderatableorstrongpieceoffurniture,placingsomethingbetweenfallingobjectsandyourself.Don’tattempttousethestairsoranelevatortogetoutofthebuilding.1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Earthquakesusuallylast10to30seconds.B.Afterabigearthquake,therearemanymorequakes.C.Cracksinanearthquakeareverydangerous.D.Whatusuallyinjurespeopleduringanearthquakearefallingbuildings.解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中“Thesafestplaceinanearthquakeisanopenfieldbecausebuildingsandfallingobjectscaninjureorkillyou.”可知,在地震中,造成人们受伤的是倒塌的建筑。答案：D2.Theunderlinedword“swallow”inParagraph3probablymeans“”.

A.takesb/sthinB.makesbfrightenedC.makeroomforsbtostandinD.makethegroundslide解析：词义揣测题。依据第三段中“However,suchcrackstendtobeopengaps(theydon’t‘swallow’)thatapersoncouldstandinafterwards.”可知,这里意思是这些裂口不能淹没人,所以“swallow”意思是“汲取,淹没”。答案：A3.Duringanearthquake,whichofthefollowingthingsshouldyouNOTdo?A.Findanopenfieldandstaythere.B.Stayawayfrombuildings.C.Takecoverunderatable.D.Takeanelevator.解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中“Don’tattempttousethestairsoranelevatortogetoutofthebuilding.”可知,在发生地震时,不能乘电梯。答案：DⅤ.完形填空Doyoubelievecatshaveninelives?Iftheydo,thenacatnamedScarlettmayhaveusedafewofher1allatonce.

Scarlettwasacat2inanold,emptybuildinginNewYork.Oneday,thebuildingcaughtfire.Mostanimalswouldhavetriedtoquickly3.But,Scarletthadfivekittensto4.Asthefiregotbigger,Scarlettignoredthe5.Onebyone,shecarriedher6tosafety.BythetimeScarlett7thelastkitten,herfurwasbadlyburned,andhereyeswereburnedshut.

A8firefighterfoundallthekittensand9theirmother.EventhoughScarlettcouldnotseehim,she10hisvoiceandlethimpickherup.Heputherinaboxwithherbabies.Shecouldn’t11herkittens,soshecountedthembytouchingeachone’snose.

Scarlettandherkittenswere12toananimalhospitalwhereittookalmostthreemonthsforthemtoheal.Scarlett’s13storywasreportedinthelocalnewspapers.Manypeoplewantedto14Scarlettandherkittens.Anofficialofthehospitalmadesurethattheywerealladopted(收养)into15homes.

Scarlett’sfurgrewback,andhereyesfullyopenedonceagain.Inhernew16,sheplayedwithpaperballs17.Shedidn’tactasifshewere18.Shewasjusthappytoliveinasafehomewith19owners.Toproveit,shepurred(发出呼噜声)loudlywhenher20werenear.Scarlettwasatruesurvivor.

1.A.chances B.interestsC.lives D.parents解析：依据上文中的“Doyoubelievecatshaveninelives?”可知,假如猫有九条命,那么Scarlett就同时用了她的几条“命(lives)”。答案：C2.A.missing B.survivingC.wandering D.playing解析：依据“old,empty”可知,Scarlett在这栋旧的、空旷的建筑中牵强度日。survive活下来。答案：B3.A.changeB.escapeC.hide D.return解析：依据上一句中的“thebuildingcaughtfire”可知,房子着火了,大多数的动物都会试图“逃跑(escape)”。答案：B4.A.feed B.chooseC.protect D.follow解析：依据下文Scarlett救出自己孩子的语境可知,她要“爱护(protect)”自己