第02讲-时态语态-(外研版2019必修第一册)(原卷版)

第02讲时态语态【学习目标】复习初高中英语常见时态结构和标志词。掌握被动语态结构和考点。【基础知识】时态复习时态名称构成标志词一般现在时（）（连系动词is/am/are）一般过去时（）连系动词was/were）一般将来时（）is/am/aregoingtodois/am/are(about)todo现在进行时（）过去进行时（）现在完成时（）过去完成时（）现在完成进行时has/havebeendoing过去将来时（）was/weregoingtodowas/were(about)todo课前检测：1.There_______sixcountriesinSCO(上合组织)atfirst,butnowthenumberhasincreasedtoeight.A.is B.are C.were D.willbe2.—Jack,remember______offthelightswhen______yourbedroom.—OK,Iwon’tforget,Mom.A.turning;leavingB.toturn;leaveC.turning;leftD.toturn;leaving3.—Whenistheschoolartfestival?—ItwillbeheldontimeifitnextMonday.A.don’train B.won’train C.doesn’train D.didn’train4.Theydon'tlivehereanylonger.They______toChengdulastmonth.A.moveB.movedC.willmoveD.aremoving5.Beforethesun______,weneedtogettothetopofthemountain.A.set B.sets C.issetting D.willset6.—Simon,doyouknowwhoinventedthekite?—Sure!It________byMoziover2,000yearsago.A.isinvented B.invented C.wasinvented D.willbeinvented7.—We________toYunBrocadeMuseumwiththeexchangestudentsthiscomingsummerholiday.—That’samazing!A.went B.go C.havegone D.willgo8.They______aboutacomedyatthistimeyesterday.A.weretalkingB.aretalkingC.havetalkedD.willtalk9.TheTVnewsreportsthatthere________astormthedayaftertomorrow.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.hasbeen10.Yesterday,I _______thesubwayhomewhenIsuddenlyfoundIwasonthewrongline.11.ItotheWestLakefourtimes,butIwillgothereagainthissummer.A.havegone B.havebeen C.went D.hadgone【考点剖析】常见时态：现在时态，过去时态，将来时态语态：主动语态和被动语态时态考点连连看：考点一：一般现在时：时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,考点1：永恒的真理考点2：“主可将从必现”时间：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday;条件：if,unless,provided/providing(that),so/aslongas考点3：makesure/certainthat,seetoitthat等＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时考点4：the+比较级…,the+比较级…(越……就越……)例1．【单句填空】1.Ilearnedthattheearth_____aroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.（go)2.Ifhe____thejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.(accept)3.Solongashe______hard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.(work)4.Theharderyou_____,thebetterresultsyouwillget.(study)考点二、一般过去时：时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,long,longago,onceuponatime,etc.例2．【针对练习】1.(全国I)Edward,youplaysowell.ButI__________youplayedthepiano.A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknownC.don’tknowD.haven’tknown2.(北京)Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniverse__________intobeing.A.cameB.wascomingC.hadcomeD.wouldcome3.(北京)WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe________up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.A.werehangingB.hadhungC.hungD.wouldhang考点三、一般将来时：时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,thedayaftertomorrow,etc考点1：will+v.(原)begoingtodo考点2：某些表示“位置移动”的动词：arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I______forBeijingtomorrow(leave).考点3：祈使句+and/or+陈述句Useyourheadandyou______away(find).句式变换(1)(Giveme)onemorehour,andI’llgettheworkfinished.Moreeffort,andyouwillsucceed.句式变换(2)Givenonemorehour,I’llgettheworkfinished.例3．【针对练习】1._____onthetopofthetowerandyou’llenjoythesceneryofthewholecity.A.StandingB.StandC.TostandD.Stand2._____time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given。考点四、现在进行时：am/is/aredoing;am/is/arebeingdone时间状语：now,atthemoment,thesedays等小贴士：主要考查根据上下文语境来判断例4．【针对练习】(陕西)Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_______atpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt考点:频度副词，如always,constantly,continually等和现在进行时态连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。考点五、过去进行时：was/weredoing;was/werebeingdone表示过去某个时间或某段时间正在做或一直在做的某事。时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的一般过去时的时间状语从句等。例5．【针对练习】1.(四川)Thetelephone_________,butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.A.hadrungB.wasringingC.ringsD.hasrung2.(全国II)--Isthisanythingwrong,Bob?Youlooksad.--Oh,nothingmuch.Infact,I_______ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.havejustthoughtB.wasjustthinkingC.wouldjustthinkD.willjustbethinking考点六、现在完成时（重点）：have/hasdone;have/hasbeendone时间状语：inthepast/lastfewyears,lately；recently,just，uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays，for+时间段；since+过去时间点例6．【针对练习】(全国课标I)Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_______safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive考点1：It/This/Thatis+序数词+time+that…表示“这是…第几次做某事”考点2：Itistheonly/thebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名词＋that…针对练习:填空:1.It/ThisismyfirsttimethatI_____________China.(visit)2.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmI_____________.(see)3.Thatistheonlybookthathe______________.(write)单项填空:(陕西)Thisisthefirsttimewe__________filminthecinematogetherasafamily.A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen考点七、现在完成进行时(have/hasbeendoing)例7．【针对练习】1.I’msureyouwilldobetterinthetestbecauseyou_______sohardthisyear.A.studiedB.hadstudiedC.willstudyD.havebeenstudying2.I’mtiredout.I_______allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping温馨小贴士：1.多表说话人的态度、感情色彩2.现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态同时出现常选后者3.和一般过去时态的区别考点八、过去完成时（重点）：haddone;hadbeendone时间状语：(1)threeyearsbefore,(2)by+过去时间theendof+过去时间thetimethat….(过去时间)(3)when,before引导的时间状语从句考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when;nosooner...than考点二：It/This/Thatwasthe序数词+time+that…考点三：hadhopedtodo/that…表示未曾实现的愿望、打算和意图。类似动词：expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan等Ihadmeanttogoawaybutcouldn’tgetridofthechildren.拓展：v.+tohavedone(以上动词适用)IwantedtohaveseenyouoffattheairportbutIgottheretoolate.例8．【针对练习】There_________25parksinourcityuptill2000.(be)Bytheendoflasttermwe__________thebook.(finish)Theyfinishedearlierthanwe___________.(expect)Ihad__________myworkwhenhecametoseeme.(finish)Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanit__________tosnow.(begin)Nosooner________I__________homethanthetelephonerang.(arrive)（注意主谓倒装）Thatwasthesecondtimethatshe____________hergrandfather.(see)It_________3yearssinceweparted.(be)I________thatIcoulddothejob.(hope)I_________toseeyoubutIwastoobusy.(intend)过去将来时态：woulddo;was/weregoingtodoWillbedoing被动语态考查要点英语的语态有两种，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表主语是动作的承受者。此主要讲被动语态。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子中主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象。一般说来，只有及物动词（短语）才有被动语态。汉语常用“被”“受”“给”“遭”“挨”等词来表被动意义。动作执行者一般由介词by引出。被动语态结构为:“助动词be+过去分词+by+动作执行者+with+工具”。被动语态的时态是通过be动词变化的。构成：be/get+过去分词一般完成进行现在am/is/aredonehave/hasbeendoneam/is/arebeingdone过去was/weredonehadbeendonewas/werebeingdone将来shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone过去将来should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldhavebeendone考点1）主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。感官动词：使役动词：Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.___________________________________________________.考点2）Itissaid/reported/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…“据说/报道…;人们说…”=Sbissaid/reported/…todo/tobedoing/tobedone考点3）不能用被动语态的几种情况。①所有的不及物动词（词组）如：happen,takeplace,breakout等。②表示归属的动词如：have、own、belongto等。考点4）主动形式表被动意义①feel、look、smell、taste、sound作系动词用时；②open、lock、read、sell、write，wash等表示某物本身所具备的某种特性时。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.Mypenwritessmoothly.③want,require,need“需要”+v-ing表示被动④be(well)worthdoing⑤在“be+形容词+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）考点5）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。beseated坐着Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿着Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.巩固练习Ⅰ.单句填空1.Sincetheverybeginning,thetechnologicalbaseneededfor5G(consider).

2.Thesedamsaresometimessixorsevenhundredfeetinlength,andthey(construct)sodelicatelythattheylookmoreliketheworkofmanthanoflittledumbbeasts.

3.Later,Nelson(award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork.

4.Overtheyearsthetopicswhichwerecontroversialatthetime(discuss)anddebated.

Ⅱ.单句改错5.Everyoneofyouareencouragedtovisitit.

6.Thevoluntaryactivitywasofferedusanopportunitytocontributetooursociety.

7.Whenwearrived,wewerewarmlywelcomebythem.

8.Sincelastwinter,thesmoghasbeenoccurredalotoftimes.

【真题演练】Ⅰ.单句填空1.Arepresentativewho(see)hisperformancebeforethoughthecouldreplaceanotherstarwhointendedtoleave.

2.It(be)atraditionsincethekingsintheeighthandninthcenturiesstoppedtrading.

3.Additionally,thekindsoffacialmake-up(脸谱)(be)themostparticularartinPekingopera.

4.ItissaidLuBan,wholivedintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,(invent)thekite.

5.Especiallyfamousisthewallbuiltin220—206BC.Littleofthatwall(remain).

6.Accordingtotheletter,theChanZuckerbergInitiative(help)topromote“equalityforallchildreninthenextgeneration”.

7.Thehumbleman(refuse)aninterviewinvitationafterbecominganInternetstarandsaidthathejustdidwhathefeltheshould.

8.TeafromChina,alongwithhersilkandporcelain(瓷器),begantobeknowntotheworldmorethanathousandyearsagoandsincethenit(be)animportantChineseexport.

9.It(become)separatedfromBritainandIrelandby6500BC.

10.(江苏,22)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.

【过关检测】1.Mysisterboughtakindofcloth.Thiskindofcloth_______.A.fellverysoftB.feelsverysoftC.isfeltverysoftD.feelsverysoftly2.I’dratheryou________tomorrow.A.cameB.comeC.comesD.coming3.Bettywillringmeupwhenshe______inBeijing.A.arriveB.arrivesC.arrivedD.willarrive4.Doyouknowif_______backnextweek?Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.willhecome,willcome5.Ihavealotofworktodo,becauseI_______tomorrow.A.leaveB.amleavingC.wouldleaveD.leaving6.Ihaveleftthecompany,andnowI_____inthebank.A.workB.amworkingC.haveworkedD.isworking7.Mary_______adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB,ismakingC.wasmakingD.make8.Itisthethirdtimethattheboy______.A.waslateB.hasbeenlateC.islateD.hadbeenlate9.Don'tworry.Yourpackage

_______hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.

A.willkeep

B.haskept

C.willbekept

D.hasbeenkept10.Greatchanges_________inTongreninthepastfiveyears.A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace11.Bytheendoflasttermwe__________thebook.(finish)12.Thiskindofcloth________easily.(wash)13.Greatchanges________sinceyou_______.A.havetakenplace,haveleftB.havebeentakenplace,haveleftC.havetakenplace,left语法填空Passage1Oceanpollution1(be)serious.Itcan2(kill)oceancreaturesandevenharmhumans.It’svitaltofocusonthisissueandfindwaystopreventpollutioninourwaters.

Pollutionintheoceansseverely3(harm)seacreatures.Forexample,oceananimalsoftenmistakepiecesofplasticforfood.As4result,theirbellies5(fill)withplasticfrombottles,containersandbeachtoys.Thiscanbedeadlytotheanimals.

Oceanpollution6(cause)riskstohumans,too.Pollutedwatercanresult7diseaseamongswimmers.Also,peopleeatfishwhichmight8(poison)withharmfulchemicalsfromoilleaksandrubbishinseawater.

Somepeoplemayarguethatoceanpollutionisnotser