一轮复习微专题 考向22 宾语从句（课件）

一轮复习微专题考向22宾语从句含义在主从复合句子中，充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句、形容词的宾语从句。判断宾语从句的技巧：跟在动词、介词、形容词后的句子为宾语从句。1.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeontimetomorrow.2.Youshouldmakethebestof

whatyouhave.3.It'sobvious

thatweareingreatneedofthemasksnow.谓语V.动词的宾语从句介词prep.介词的宾语从句形容词adj.形容词的宾语从句1)作动词的宾语①大多数位于及物动词后Idoubt

whether/ifhewillcometothewedding.②有些动词短语后。Weshouldkeepinmind

thatsportscanhelpusdevelopbothourbodiesandcharacters.③可以运用it作形式宾语代替宾语从句A.动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时，要用it作形式宾语，而把that引导的宾语从句后置。e.g.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.B.有些动词（词组）带宾语从句时需要在从句前加it.如：hate,dislike,appreciate,seeto,dependon等。Ihate

itwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.2)作介词的宾语一般情况下介词后常用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。Wearetalkingabout

whetherweadmitstudentsintoourclubs.3)作系表结构的宾语。常用于此类结构的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示“情感”的形容词。IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousomuch.that不能省略的3种情况(1).如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句的that一般不可省。Myunclesaid(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson.(2).当that作介词except,in

的宾语时。Theybelievein

thatshemuststillbesingle.Iknownothingabouthimexcept

thatheislivinginBeijing.(3).用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时

it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语—that从句则放在句尾

.Ithinkitnecessary

thatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Weheardit

thatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.2、宾语从句引导词whether/if2）whether/if；是否宾语从句是一般疑问句，注意陈述语序注意：以下情况一般只用whether不用if。①引导介词后的宾语从句时。Itdependsonwhetheritwillsnowtomorrow.②与ornot连用时。Iaskedyoursecretarywhethershecouldcomeornot.③与不定式连用时。Ireallydon’twantknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.有些动词，如leave,put,discuss,doubt等后的宾语从句常用whether引导。④Wedoubtwhetherhewillkeephispromise.注意：havenodoutthat...⑤宾语从句前置，置于句首时。Whethertheycancomehereontime,wedon’tknow.3）特殊疑问词what/when/where/who等。宾语从句是特殊疑问句，注意陈述语序只用whether不用if的几种情况(1)接带to的动词不定式时。Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.Shecan’tdecidewhethertogotoAmerica.Shedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothezoo.(2)与ornot连用或提出两种选择时。Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.I’mnotsurewhetherornothewillcomeontime.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.(3)在介词后面时.I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.Iworry

about

whetherIhurtherfeeling.

(4)宾语从句提前时.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.3.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who,whom,whose,what,which等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。Couldyoutellmewhichgatewehavetogoto?Hedidn’ttellmehowlonghewouldstayhere.连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what引导的宾从连接代词：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.（who在从句中作主语）Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?（whom在从句中作宾语）Heaskedwhosebikewasthebestintheclass.（whose在从句中作定语）连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾从连接副词：连接主句和从句，并在从句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语，具有一定的意义，不可省略。Pleasetellmewhereheis.（where在从句中作地点状语）Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?（why在从句中作原因状语）Doyouknowwhenwe’llhaveameeting?（when在从句中作时间状语）CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?（how在从句中作方式状语）含有宾语从句的时态用法例句当主句的谓语动词是一般过去，其宾语从句的时态一般要用相应的过去时态Thepolicewomanaskedthelittleboywherehelived.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或祈使句，其宾语从句的时态可以任何适当的时态DoyouknowhowAmycametoschoolthismorning?Pleasetellmewhomyouwenttothegardenwiththismorning.当宾语从句表达客观事实或规律时，其时态应用一般现在时Everyoneknewthattherearesixtyminutesinanhour.Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.口诀：主过从过，主现从不限，从句是客观真理一般现在时。宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。如果原句是由whether/if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。Wheredoesyourfatherwork?Canyoutellus?

→Canyoutelluswhereyourfatherworks?

Didyougethomeverylate?Heaskedme.

→HeaskedmeifIgothomeverylate.注意：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变。What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?

Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?

作主语

作主语区别：Canyoutellmewhoheis?

作表语宾语从句中否定的转移在第一人称I,we与动词think,expect,believe,guess,suppose,consider,imagine等连用，后接宾语从句时，通常将从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词，形成否定前移，而从句用肯定形式,其反意疑问句与从句一致。即：主语为第一人称，否定在主句，翻译在从句。Idon’tthinkthey’llwaittothelastminute，willthey？我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟，他们会吗？Idon’tbelievehedidthis,didhe?我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？宾语从句的简化(1)当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。Mikehopesthathewillbebackverysoon.→Mikehopestobebackverysoon.Theydecidedthattheywouldhelphim.→Theydecidedtohelphim.(2)当主句谓语动词是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等动词，宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.→Idon'tknowwhattodonext.Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.(3)当主句谓语动词是tell，ask，show，teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothetrainstation？→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothetrainstation？(4)当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。Theleaderorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.→Theleaderorderedustostartatonce.(5)某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.Thepoorgirldoesn’tknowwhenandwhereshewasborn.→Thepoorgirldoesn’tknowthetimeandtheplaceofherbirth.(6)某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。Lucyfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.→Lucyfoundawalletlyingontheground.(7)特殊句式的简化IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy.1.

—Canyou