Unit1 Learning About Language and Using Language 词汇语法专项训练

5/7Unit1LearningAboutLanguageandUsingLanguage词汇语法专项训练一、刷单句填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Ononesideisasmallcanalandtheotherdorm-likerooms,cheaprestaurantsand________(mud)paths.2.Theongoing________(divide)betweenEnglish-speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansisamajorconcernofthecountry.3.Anartificialintelligenceexpertsaidrecentlyhalfoftheworld'scurrentjobswouldbetaken________byAIwithin15years.4.Withtimegoingon,prejudiceshavefallen________,andtheyallco-operateverywell.5.It'scertainlyclearthatmanyanimals'senseofsmellisfarsuperior________humans'.6.WheneverIhaveanurge________(play)computergames,Iwouldthinkofmygoalandregainmystrengthtostudyimmediately.7.Thepartywehadbeenlookingforwardto________(turn)outtobeagreatdisappointment.8.Notonlyshouldthetechniqueandequipment________(fetch)in,butalsothemanagement.9.Itisreportedthatyesterdaythedevice________(explode)byexpertsundercontrolledconditions.10.Heissoorganisedthatheislikelyto________(elect)PresidentoftheStudents'Union.二、刷语法填空体裁：说明文题材：科学技术词数：213难度：中建议用时：7分钟[吉林长春东北师大附中2020高二月考]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whenyouthinkofrobots，whatisthefirstthingthatcomestomind？DoyouthinkofsciencefictionmovieslikeStarWars,1robotsofallshapesandsizesarepartofdailylife？Robotswereoncejusttheproductoffiction.TheworditselfcamefromtheplayRossum'sUniversalRobots,2(write)in1920byKarelCapek.Todaymostrobotsdon'tlooklikehumans，whichappearinmanyforms.They3（programme）toperformawidevarietyofthings，fromworkinginfactories4exploringthesurfaceofMars.Butthereisasurprisingproblemintheworldofrobots:Whathumansfindeasyis5(extreme）complicatedforarobot.Forexample，pickingupclothesinamessyroom.6(be)simpleforhumans，butitisdifficultforrobotstodothat.7problemistoprogrammearobottopickupsomeobjectsofdifferentshapesandsizeswithoutdamagingthem.Itshowsthatoneofthemostdifficultthings8(improve)inrobotsistheirflexibility.Exciting9(develop)inmakinghuman-likehandsandlegsareunderway.Butthebiggestadvancementistoteachrobotstoguesswhattheycandoand10theycanhelpuswithdailytasks.1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________三、刷阅读理解体裁：议论文题材：智能城市词数：309难度：中建议用时：7分钟[海南屯昌中学2021高三月考]Smartcitiesarecoming.Andyoucanbesurethathackers（黑客）won'tbeveryfarbehind.We'vealreadygotaglimpseofthatfuture，ascitiesacrosstheglobestarttousetechnologytoconnecttheirservicesandresidentsinwaysthatweresciencefictionjustafewyearsago.Theyareusingsensorstocollectdata-suchastraffic，garbagecollecting，androadconditions-andthenusingthatdatatodeliverservicesmoreefficientlytomorepeople.Butthisrushtobecomeasmartcityhasamajordrawback:Themoreconnectedacityis，theeasieritistobeaffectedbycyberattacks.Hackershave，inrecentyears，effectivelyheldcitieshostagethroughransomware（勒索软件），sometimesdamagingcriticalsystemsformonthsatatime.Thedamagecancostmillionsofdollarstorepair，asBaltimoreandAtlantahavediscovered.Andthisisjustthebeginning.Ascitiesaddconnectivitytotheirstreetlights，powergrids，dams，transitlinesandotherservices，theyareaddingmoretargetsthathavethepotentialtobehacked.What'smore，asadditionalinformationonresidentsiscollected，officialsworryabouttheresult-lotsofdatacouldattractterroriststhatcouldincorporatethedataintophysicalandcyberwar.Whatcybersecuritylessoncanbetaughtinthishack？Forexample，don'topene-mailattachmentsfromunfamiliarsources；don'tclickonunrecognisedlinks；don'tleavesensitiveinformationvisibleonthewallsorsurfacesofyouroffice.Butlet'sjuststicktothemostimportantlesson:Theinformationyoushareonsocialmediacanbeusedtodepictandtargetyou，whetherthat'sdonebyengineeringtheclickbait（点击诱饵）aimedatyourparticularinterests，guessingyourpasswordbasedonyourbirthdayorfiguringoutyourscheduleandtravelsothatanintrudercangetaccesstoyourhomeoroffice.1.Whatdidpeopleusetothinkofsmartcities？A.Theyweretheproductsofscience.B.Theywereboundtobepopular.C.Theyexistedinimagination.D.Theyimprovedpeople'slives.2.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph3？A.Introducetheharmofhackers.B.Showtheriskofbeingasmartcity.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Summarisethepreviousparagraphs.3.Whatisofficials'attitudetobigdata？A.Itisconvenienttoprovideservices.B.Itiscertaintobringaboutrevolution.C.Thereareactuallypotentialdangers.D.There'scompetitioninhightechnology.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"depict"inParagraph5mean?A.Describe.B.Protect.C.Pursue.D.Fund.答案解析刷单句填空1.muddy句意为：一边是一条小运河，另一边是像宿舍一样的房间、廉价餐馆和泥泞的小路。设空处作定语，应用形容词。故填muddy。2.division句意为：讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间的分歧一直存在，这是这个国家关心的一个主要问题。设空处作主语，且其前有定冠词The和形容词ongoing修饰，所以应用名词，由is可知应用名词单数形式。故填division。3.over句意为：一位人工智能专家近日表示，人工智能将在15年内接管全世界现有工作的一半。takeover为固定搭配，意为“接管，接替”。4.away句意为：随着时间的推移，偏见逐渐消失了，他们都合作得很好。fallaway意为“（逐渐）消失”。5.to句意为：很明显，许多动物的嗅觉远比人类（的嗅觉）灵敏。besuperiorto...意为“比……更好；更胜一筹”。6.toplay句意为：每当我有玩电脑游戏的冲动，我就会想到我的目标，从而重新坚定我的意志，立即去学习。haveanurgetodosth意为“渴望做某事；有做某事的冲动”。7.turned句意为：我们一直期待的聚会结果使我们大失所望。本题容易错把turn理解为介词to的宾语，wehadbeenlookingforwardto是定语从句，修饰先行词party。所以turn作Theparty的谓语，从句表示“过去的过去”，主句应用一般过去时。故填turned。8.befetched句意为：该引进的不仅仅是技术和设备，还有管理模式。设空处是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，且notonly位于句首引起部分倒装，should提前，所以此处应填befetched。9.wasexploded句意为：据报道，这个装置昨日由专家在受控条件下引爆。此处是从句谓语动词，与从句主语是被动关系，由yesterday可知此处表示发生在过去的动作，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。10.beelected句意为：他很有条理，因此他很有可能被选为学生会主席。belikelytodosth为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，elect与he之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，故填beelected。刷语法填空【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现实生活中机器人的外形、作用以及存在的问题。1.where句意为：你想到了像《星球大战》这样的科幻电影吗？在《星球大战》里，各种形状和尺寸的机器人是日常生活的一部分。robotsofallshapesandsizesarepartofdailylife在此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为StarWars，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where。2.written句意为：这个词本身来自卡雷尔·恰佩克在1920年写的戏剧《罗素姆万能机器人》。write在此处应用非谓语动词形式作定语，与其所修饰词是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填written。3.areprogrammed句意为：它们被编程来做各种各样的事情，从在工厂工作到探索火星表面。此处作句子的谓语，programme与主语They之间为被动关系，且本句陈述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填areprogrammed。4.to句意见上一题解析。from..…to...意为“从….到……”，是固定搭配。故填to。5.extremely句意为……人们认为容易的事情，对机器人来说极其复杂。此处修饰形容词complicated，应该用副词。故填extremely。6.is句意为：比如，在一个凌乱的房间里捡起衣服对人类来说很简单，但对机器人来说那样做很难。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。7.Another句意为：另一个难题是给机器人设定程序，让其拾取一些不同形状和大小的物品，同时不破坏这些物品。根据上文中的thereisasurprisingproblem可知，此处是另一个（another）难题，且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Another。8.toimprove句意为：这说明，机器人最难提高的一点是其灵活性。此处名词things被形容词最高级修饰，应用动词不定式作其后置定语。故填toimprove。9.developments句意为：在制造像人一样的手和腿方面，人们正在取得一些令人兴奋的进步。设空处在句中作主语，应用名词，development意为“进步”时是可数名词，前面没有冠词，且谓语动词是are，应该用名词复数，故填developments。10.how句意为：但最大的进步是教机器人猜它们能做什么和它们如何帮我们处理日常事务。theycanhelpuswithdailytasks与whattheycando是并列宾语从句，引导词在从句中作状语，意为“怎样”，故填how。刷阅读理解【语篇导读】本文为一篇议论文。智能城市即将到来，它在给人们带来方便的同时也存在着很大的安全隐患。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的ascitiesacrossthe