03-选择性必修第四册Unit-5基础练习(人教版2019)

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)选择性必修第四册Unit5基础知识强化练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.HeencouragedmetotakepartandexpressmyselfinaforcefulwaythatI’vebeendoingeversince—andgettingpaidforit.ThatmademewhatIamtoday—acommercial__________(law).2.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferent__________(participate)basedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.3.Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonno__________(accountant)shouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.4.Hedevoteshistimetothe__________(acquire)ofknowledge.5.Urgenttalksaregoingontopreventthemarketgoinginto__________(finance)meltdownduringthesummer.Ⅱ.完成句子1._________________togotoJim’sparty,forIhavetodosomeextraworktonight.

我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了,因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。2.Whenyouphonedme,Iwashavingameeting;_________________.

当你给我打电话的时候,我正在开会。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的电话。3.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue._________________.

从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水所覆盖。4.Ican’tkeeptheappointment.Thatis_________________.

我不能守约,那是因为我要参加一个重要的班会。Ⅲ.语法填空Yourcareerplaysavitalroleinyourlifeanddefineswhoyouare,soitisworthwhiletotaketimetothinkaboutit.You’dbetterstart1.___________(consider)yourfuturecareerwhenyouarestillatschool.2.___________,thisisnotalwayseasy,foryoumayjusthaveafewideas3.___________(bounce)aroundinyourhead.

Oneofthebestwaystogetsomeinsight4.___________apossiblecareerpathistocompletea“careeraptitudetest”,theresultof5.___________willtellyouaboutyouradvantagesandinterestsandgiveyouadviceonthecareeryoumaybe6.___________(suit)to.Therearealargenumberofdifferentkindsofcareeraptitudetests,someforyourpersonalattitudesandinterests,7.___________othersfocusingonaskingyoutoratedifferentkindsofworkscenarios.Afterfinishingthetest,youmaygetalistofcareer8.___________(suggest).Howeverusefulcareeraptitudetestsmaybe,youneedtorememberthattheyareonlymeantfor9.___________(guide).Sowhat’sthesecrettoagoodcareer?Theanswerisfindingsomethingthatyouare10.(true)passionateabout!IV.阅读理解AAfteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance:curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.1.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto.

A.proposeadefinition B.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusion D.presentanargument2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.B.Developaquestioningmind.C.Leadalifeofadventure.D.Followthefashion.4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearnBFewpeopledoubtthevalueofdevelopingstudents’thinkingskills.Afocusoncriticalthinkingiscommonineducation.IntheAustralianCurriculum,criticalthinkingandcreativethinkingareknownas“generalcapabilities”.TheUShasasimilarfocusthroughtheir“commoncore”.ManyapproachestodevelopingcriticalthinkingarebasedonPhilosophyforChildren.Onestrategythathasalargeimpactonstudents’abilitytoanalyseandevaluateargumentsisargumentmapping,inwhichastudent’sreasoningcanbevisuallydisplayedbycapturingtheinferentialpathwayfromassumptiontoconclusion.Thistypeofargument-basedintellectualengagementcanshowhighoutcomesintermsofthequalityofthinkinginanyclassroom.Researchalsoshowsdeliberateattentiontothepracticeofreasoninginthecontextofoureverydaylivescanbesignificantlyimprovedthroughtargetedteaching.TeachersatonehighschoolinAustralia,whohavemuchtrainingincriticalthinkingteachingmethods,developedataskthataskedstudentstodetermineAustralia’sgreatestsportsperson.Studentsneededtoconstructtheirowncriteriaforgreatness.Todoso,theyhadtoanalyzetheAustraliansportingcontext,createpossibleevaluativestandards,explainandjustifywhysomestandardswouldbemoreacceptablethanothersandapplythesetotheircandidates.Theythenneededtoarguetheircasewiththeirclassmatestodevelopcriteriathatweresolid,defensible,widelyapplicableandproducedachoicethatseizedsignificantandrelevantaspectsofAustraliansport.Researcherslookingatthegainsmadeinasingletermofteachingcriticalthinkingwithargumentmappingsaidthecriticalthinkinggainsmeasuredareclosetothosethatcouldbeexpectedtoresultfromthreeyearsofundergraduateeducation.Studentswhoaretaughttothinkwellalsodobetteronsubject-basedexamsandstandardizedteststhanthosewhodonot.Intermsofdeveloping21stcenturyskills,whichincludessettingupstudentsforlifelonglearning,teachingcriticalthinkingshouldbecorebusiness.1.Whichofthefollowingcanexplaintheunderlinedword“capturing”inParagraph2?A.Describing.B.Attracting.C.Designing. D.Blocking.2.What’sthepurposeofParagraph3?A.Toconstructthecriteriaforbeinggreat.B.Toacknowledgetheteachers’outcomes.C.Topresenthowtoteachcriticalthinking.D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofreasoning.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsteachingcriticalthinking?A.Objective. B.Supportive.C.Doubtful. D.Cautious.4.Whatdoesthistextimply?A.Teachingmethodsshouldvaryamongschools.B.Researchoneducationdeservesmoreattention.C.Criticalthinkingshouldbevaluedineducation.D.Conceptsofcriticalthinkingaren’twellreceived.V七选五Weareheretosharetheseessaywritingsuggestionsincaseyouwishtowriteanessayforyourownbenefit.Writingyourownstatementofpersonalbeliefcanbeapowerfultoolforself-reflection.Itcanalsobeawonderfulthingtosharewithfamily,friends,andcolleagues.1.

Bedistinctive.Takeyourbeliefoutoftheeventsthathaveshapedyourcorevalues.Considermomentswhenbeliefwasformedortestedorchanged.2.Yourstoryneednotbeheart-warmingoranxious—itcanevenbefunny—butitshouldbespecifictoyou.Makesureyourstoryistiedtotheessenceofyourdailylifephilosophyandtheshapingofyourbelief.

Bebrief.3.That’saboutthreeminuteswhenyoureadaloudatyournaturalpace.Soconsiderfocusingonthecorebelief.Inaddition,writeaboutwhatyoudobelieve,andnotwhatyoudon’tbelieve.Remembertoavoidstatementsaboutreligiousbeliefs.

4.

Makeyouressayaboutyourself;speakinthefirstperson.Avoidspeakingin“we”.Tellyourpersonalbelief;thisisnotanopinionaboutsocialideals.5.Werecommendyoureadyouressayaloudtoyourselfseveraltimes,andeachtimeedititandimproveituntilyoufindthewords,tone,andstorythattrulyarouseyourfeelings,whichcanattractothersthen.

Keepingtheaboveinheartandputtingthemintoaction,youwillrealizewritinganessayjustseemslikeaneasytask.A.BepersonalB.BeappealingC.Yourstatementshouldbebetween500and600wordsD.It’simportanttoknowhowtotellastoryaboutyourselfE.WriteinwordsandphrasesthatarecomfortableforyoutospeakF.Thinkofyourownlife,andtellthethingsyouknowthatnooneelsedoesG.Toguideyouthroughthisprocess,weoffersomesimplesuggestionsforyoutofollowVI.完形填空Asthetemperatureapproachedashighas90°FlastJuly4th,threepoliceofficerswentintoaFoodsMarkettogetsomething1todrink.Onceinside,theywereaskedbyasecurityguardtohelpwitha2woman.Thewomaninquestionwasobviously3,andhercheekswerewetwithtears.Theofficerslookedinsideherbag.Alltheysawwerecontainersof4.

“I’mhungry,”sheexplained5.Caughtred-handed,thewomannodoubtexpectedtobetreatedasa6.Butthepolicehadother7.“We’llpayforherfood.”Oneofthemtoldthe8securityguard.Shewouldnotbe9.

Dryingherwet10,thewomanrepeated,“Thankyou,thankyou.”Shewasn’ttheonlyonetouchedbythisactof11.Customersatthestoreweresoimpressedbywhatthey’d12thatsomeevenpostedaphotoonTwitter.13,attentionwasneverwhattheofficerssought.Theywere14byafarmorecommonemotion.Whenwelookatsomeone’sfaceandseethattheyneedyou,it’spretty15asahumanbeingtowalkawayfromsomethinglikethis.

1.A.safeB.sweetC.cleanD.cold2.A.wounded B.suspectedC.reported D.wronged3.A.scared B.disappointedC.puzzled D.annoyed4.A.clothes B.medicineC.toys D.food5.A.politely B.loudlyC.seriously D.hopelessly6.A.thief B.beggarC.victim D.customer7.A.facts B.secrets C.ideas D.reasons8.A.rude B.surprisedC.patient D.embarrassed9.A.arrested B.employedC.kept D.doubted10.A.bag B.hands C.packet D.cheeks11.A.caution B.sympathyC.justice D.faith12.A.ignored B.expectedC.witnessed D.recognized13.A.However B.ThereforeC.Besides D.Instead14.A.attracted B.controlledC.required D.driven15.A.typical B.amazing C.difficult D.sillyVI.应用文写作假如你是李华,今年18岁,是光明中学的一名学生。你所在的城市要举办国际旅游节(tourismfestival),现向全市招募志愿者。请你根据以下要点,向组委会写一封申请信,应征旅游节志愿者的工作。1.你的个人信息(年龄,性别,性格等);2.你的特殊优势(对地方旅游景点的了解,扎实的语言功底,相关的经历及沟通能力等);3.你的承诺。注意:1.词数80个左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————参考答案Ⅰ.1.HeencouragedmetotakepartandexpressmyselfinaforcefulwaythatI’vebeendoingeversince—andgettingpaidforit.ThatmademewhatIamtoday—acommerciallawyer(law).2.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipants(participate)basedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.3.Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthatonnoaccount(accountant)shouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.4.Hedevoteshistimetotheacquisition(acquire)ofknowledge.5.Urgenttalksaregoingontopreventthemarketgoingintofinancial(finance)meltdownduringthesummer.Ⅱ.1.IwishthatIhadn’tagreedtogotoJim’sparty,forIhavetodosomeextraworktonight.

2.Whenyouphonedme,Iwashavingameeting;howIwishIhadansweredyourcall.

3.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.

4.Ican’tkeeptheappointment.ThatisbecauseIhaveanimportantclassmeetingtoattend.

Ⅲ.Yourcareerplaysavitalroleinyourlifeanddefineswhoyouare,soitisworthwhiletotaketimetothinkaboutit.You’dbetterstart1.considering/toconsider(consider)yourfuturecareerwhenyouarestillatschool.2.However,thisisnotalwayseasy,foryoumayjusthaveafewideas3.bouncing(bounce)aroundinyourhead.

Oneofthebestwaystogetsomeinsight4.onapossiblecareerpathistocompletea“careeraptitudetest”,theresultof5.whichwilltellyouaboutyouradvantagesandinterestsandgiveyouadviceonthecareeryoumaybe6.suited(suit)to.Therearealargenumberofdifferentkindsofcareeraptitudetests,someforyourpersonalattitudesandinterests,7.whileothersfocusingonaskingyoutoratedifferentkindsofworkscenarios.Afterfinishingthetest,youmaygetalistofcareer8.suggestions(suggest).Howeverusefulcareeraptitudetestsmaybe,youneedtorememberthattheyareonlymeantfor9.guidance(guide).Sowhat’sthesecrettoagoodcareer?Theanswerisfindingsomethingthatyouare10.truly(true)passionateabout!IV.A【文章大意】本文为议论文。首段给出核心论点:伟大的人物会同时拥有两种品质——好奇心和永不满足的精神。后文围绕如何拥有好奇心和不满足的精神展开讨论,通过多次举例和引用的写作手法,突出两者的重要性并启发人们现在就行动起来去重拾我们与生俱来但是又被隐藏起来的好奇心和不满足的探索精神。1.【解析】选D。写作意图题。本题询问第一段的写作意图。由题干定位第一段,由议论文文体来看,首先我们能大致猜测首段引出议论话题,给出作者的论点;其次通读第一段,主要内容是:作者在多年的观察后发现普通人和有卓越成就的人的区别就在于后者会同时拥有两种品质,即后文主要讨论说明的论点,即首段是为了引出作者要阐明的话题和自己的观点,故选D“提出论点”。2.【解析】选D。细节理解题。本题询问Galileo的例子的作用是什么。由题干中Galileo定位第二段,“LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”说明Galileo的事例给我们的启示就是要保持好奇和永不满足的心去问为什么。故选择D“伟大来自永久探索的欲望”。3.【解析】选B。细节理解题。本题询问如何重拾好奇心和永不满足的精神。由题干动词recapture定位第三段和第四段,“Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.”说明我们生来就有这两种品质。“Thegreatman,”saidMencius,“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.说明我们像小时候那样多问、多质疑,即可重拾好奇心和永不满足的精神。故选择B“培养好问思维”。4.【解析】选C。段落大意题。本题询问两段的段落大意和给人的启示。由题干定位第六段和第七段,第七段前几句Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?...Youhaven’tanytime?...说明人们说没时间没天赋其实都是借口,只要真心想做,一切都能从现在开始做到,借此告诉人们成为优秀的人就是不要给自己找借口。故选择C“缺乏天赋和时间不是不行动的借口”。5.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。本题询问文章标题。根据本文首段提出的有卓越成就的人所具备的两种品质和文中主体段落通过举例、引用等方式告诫人们要行动起来重拾这两种品质和文末“thereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow”再次强调现在就行动,表明作者对读者的督促和提醒。故选C“成就的秘诀”。B【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了在教学中培养学生批判性思维的方法,并通过澳大利亚的一所高中的教学实践,阐述了批判性思维的好处及重要性。1.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的“astudent’sreasoningcanbevisuallydisplayed”“theinferentialpathwayfromassumptiontoconclusion”以及第三段中“theyhadtoanalyzetheAustraliansportingcontext,createpossibleevaluativestandards,explainandjustifywhysomestandardswouldbemoreacceptablethanothersandapplythesetotheircandidates.”可知,一个学生的推理能力可以通过描述从假设到结论的推理过程得到视觉上的呈现,故A项可以解释画线词的意思,“(用文字或图像)记录下,描述,捕捉”。2.【解析】选C。写作目的题。通过阅读第三段可知,本段讲述了澳大利亚的一所高中教师经过批判性思维教学方法的培训后,开发了一个“让学生们决定谁才是澳大利亚最伟大的运动员”的任务的事情以及学生们运用批判性思维的过程,再结合第二段最后一句话“Researchalsoshowsdeliberateattentiontothepracticeofreasoninginthecontextofoureverydaylivescanbesignificantlyimprovedthroughtargetedteaching.”可知,第三段的目的是展示如何教授学生批判性思维。3.【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据最后一段中“teachingcriticalthinkingshouldbecorebusiness”可知,作者认为教授批判性思维应该是核心业务,由此推断出作者是支持教授批判性思维的。4.【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要围绕教授批判性思维的方法展开,并通过举例子说明了在教学中重视批判性思维的好处及重要性。故选C项。V.【文章大意】本文属于说明文。作者向读者介绍了几条关于论文写作的实用建议。1.【解析】选G。考查承上启下句。根据上文可知,记述个人信念是自我反省的强有力的工具,同时也是可以与家庭、朋友和同事分享的很棒的事情;下文是关于写文章的几点建议。G项“Toguideyouthroughthisprocess,weoffersomesimplesuggestionsforyoutofollow”能够承上启下,符合语境。2.【解析】选F。考查细节支撑句。结合小标题“Bedistinctive.”以及本段中提到的“Yourstoryneednot...butitshouldbespecifictoyou.Makesureyourstoryistiedtotheessenceofyourdailylifephilosophyandtheshapingofyourbelief”可知,此处表示你应思考自己的生活,讲述你知道但别人不知道的事情,故F项符合语境。3.【解析】选C。考查细节支撑句。结合本段小标题和空后的“That’saboutthreeminuteswhenyoureadaloudatyournaturalpace”可知,空处应是对所写文章篇幅的建议,C项“你的叙述应该在500至600词之间”衔接下文。4.【解析】选A。考查段落主旨句。由本段的“Makeyouressayaboutyourself;speakinthefirstperson”“untilyoufindthewords,tone,andstorythattrulyarouseyourfeelings”可知,你应写关于你自己的文章,并以第一人称叙述,找到能引发自己情感的单词、风格和故事,故A项“Bepersonal”能概括本段主旨。5.【解析】选E。考查细节支撑句。由空后的Werecommendyour