2025届高考英语大一轮复习Unit15Learning课时作业15b北师大版必修5

PAGEPAGE1课时作业15LearningⅠ.阅读理解A(2024·衡水模拟)“HeaveniswherethepoliceareEnglish,thecooksareFrench,themechanicsareGerman,theloversareItalianandeverythingisorganizedbytheSwiss.HelliswherethepoliceareGerman,thecooksareEnglish,themechanicsareFrench,theloversareSwiss,andeverythingisorganizedbytheItalian.”Obviouslythenationalstereotypes(模式化的思想)inthisoldjokearegeneralizations,butsuchstereotypesareoftensaidto“existforareason”.Isthereactuallyasliveroftruthinthem?Notlikely,aninternationalresearchteamnowsays.“Nationalandculturalstereotypesdoplayanimportantroleinhowpeopleseethemselvesandothers,andbeingawarethatthesearenotdependableisausefulthing，”saidstudyauthorRobertMcCraeoftheNationalInstituteonAging.“Theseareinfactunfoundedstereotypes.Theydon'tcomefromlookingaroundyou，”McCraesaid.Ifnationalstereotypesaren'trootedinrealexperiences,thenwheredotheycomefrom?Onepossibilityisthattheyreflectnationalvalues,whichmaybecomeknownfromhistoricalevents.Forexample,manyhistorianshavearguedthatthespiritofAmericanindividualismhasitsoriginsintheexperiencesofthepioneersontheOldWest.SocialscientistssuchaspsychologistRichardRobinshavegivenseveralotherpossibleexplanationsforstereotypesandwhytheymaybeincorrect.Robinsnotesthatsomestereotypesmayhavebeencorrectatonepointinhistoryandthenremainedunchangedwhiletheculturechanged.Wemaybe“hard­wired”，tosomedegree,tokeepincorrectstereotypes,sincewearelesslikelytonoticeandrememberinformationthatisdifferentfromourstereotypes.Generally,accordingtoRobins,whenwemeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromourstereotypes,weseethemasuniqueindividualsratherthantypicalnationalorculturalgroups.本文主要谈论的是对不同国家的成见或民族定式这一现象。1．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopicofnationalstereotypes.B．Tomakeacomparisonbetweenthecharactersofdifferentcountries.C．Toexemplifytheargumentagainststereotyping.D．Toanalyzethestrengthsandweaknessesofpeopleindifferentcountries.答案：A解析：推理推断题。第一段用笑话的方式引出本文的话题：国家模式化的思想，故选A。2．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMcCrae'sattitudetowardsnationalstereotypes?A．Supportive. B．Indifferent.C．Critical. D．Uncertain.答案：C解析：观点看法题。依据第三段McCrae所说的话可知，他既认为模式化的思想是重要的，又觉得不能完全依靠，所以他的看法是批判性的，故选C。3．Accordingtosocialscientists,whyaren'tnationalstereotypesalwayscorrect?A．Becausetheyareformedbyindividualhistorians.B．Becausepeopletendtohavefalseideaaboutothercultures.C．Becausegeneralizationsaremadethroughpersonalexperience.D．Becausewhatwastrueinthepastmaynotbetrueatpresent.答案：D解析：推理推断题。依据倒数其次段．..somestereotypesmayhavebeencorrectatonepointinhistoryandthenremainedunchangedwhiletheculturechanged.可知，在历史上模式化思想在某种程度上是对的，但是当文化发生变更了，模式化思想却没有发生变更，因此就会出现错误，故选D。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hard­wired”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Forgetful. B．Fixed.C．Anxious. D．Helpless.答案：B解析：词义揣测题。依据后面的sincewearelesslikelytonoticeandrememberinformationthatisdifferentfromourstereotypes可知，既然是我们不情愿做出变更，那就是比较固定不变的，故答案为B。B(2024·陕西西安中学检测)TheInternetplaysabigpartinhumanlife.Weuseitforworkandentertainment.WecanfindnewrecipesontheInternetoradviceonstayinghealthy.Wecanevenuseittolearnanewlanguage.WeusetheInternettokeepincontactwithfamilyandfriendsandstayintouchwithissueswecareabout.Thelistgoesonandon.So,theremaybenogoingbacktoanInternet­freelife.ButcanusingtheInternettoomuchbebadforourhealth?Itmightbe,sayresearchers.AnewstudyfindsthatheavyInternetusemaybeconnectedtohighbloodpressureinanunlikelygroup—teenagers.So,trytobearesponsibleguardian(监护人)．Thestudyresultsshowthatteenswhospendatleast14hoursaweekonlineweremorelikelytohavehighbloodpressure.Highbloodpressuremakesyourheartandbloodvesselsworktoohard.Overtime,thisextrastrainincreasesyourriskofaheartattackorstroke.Highbloodpressurecanalsocauseheartandkidneydisease.Itisalsocloselylinkedtosomeformofdementia(痴呆),orabraindisease.TheHenryFordHospitalinDetroit,TheleadresearcherofthestudyisAndreaCassidy­Bushrow.Forthepurposeofthestudy,sheexplains,teensconsideredheavyInternetuserswereonlineonaverage25hoursaweek.Itisimportantforteenstotakeregularbreaksfromtheircomputersorsmartphonesandtodosomekindofphysicalactivity.Shealsosuggeststhatparentslimittheirchildren'suseoftheInternettotwohoursaday,fivedaysaweek.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)says,70million，or29%,ofAmericanadultshavehighbloodpressure.TheCDCestimatesthathighbloodpressurecoststheUnitedStates$46billioneachyear.本文是一篇争论文。文章运用大量事实论述了过度上网对青少年的影响以及危害。5．Theauthormainlywantstotellus________.A．howtopreventhighbloodpressureB．toomuchInternetusemaybebadforteenagersC．it'snecessaryforteenagerstoavoidtheInternetD．heavyInternetusewillworsenteenagers'memory答案：B解析：主旨大意题。第一段告知我们本文主要向我们介绍青少年过度上网会导致高血压。接下来文章主要论述了这一观点。故答案为B项。6．Thefirstparagraphofthetextisusedto________.A．introducethetopic B．analyzethecausesC．offersomeopinions D．makesomesuggestions答案：A解析：推理推断题。第一段主要告知我们网络有许多好处，段尾部分指出过度上网有害，告诫(家长)做一个负责任的监护人，从而引出主题。故答案为A项。7．AccordingtoCassidy­Bushrow,teenagers'useoftheInternetshouldbelimitedto________.A．25hoursaweek B．2hoursaweekC．10hoursaweek D．5hoursaweek答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。文章第四段中的“Shealsosuggeststhatparentslimittheirchildren'suseoftheInternettotwohoursaday,fivedaysaweek.”告知我们青少年上网时间一周不要超过10小时。故选C项。8．Thetextismainlyintendedfor________.A．parents B．teachersC．web­designers D．students答案：A解析：推理推断题。文章第一段段尾及第四段中的“parentslimittheirchildren'suseoftheInternet”告知我们文章主要写给广阔家长。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·山东滨州模拟考试)Ilovehikingandbeingoutdoors.IloveditevenmorewhenIfoundIcouldusemypassionto__1__others.SomeoftheothermomsI__2__ontheschoolrunareeithersingleparentorhaveachildwithspecialneeds.So,I__3__totaketheirchildorchildren(usuallyboysaroundmyson'sage)onhikeswithmysonandme.Thiswill__4__themotherashortrespite(短暂的休息)andhelpher__5__moneyforshedoesn'thavetohireababysitter.TodayIofferedmyfriendthat__6__andtookhersonwithusonahiketoParadiseFalls.Theweatherwas__7__，justenoughsunbutstillcoolandbreezy.Duringpartofourtrekweweregentlymistedwithsprinklingsofrainthatrefreshedusandkeptus__8__aswemadeittoourfinaldestination—astunningforty­foot__Everyoneenjoyeditandmyfriendwas__10__whenIsentsomepicturesofhersonclimbingandsplashingintheshallowpoolsof__11__.Shethankedmefor__12__himandforthetimeitgavehertoattendtootherthings.Ifigurethateveryone__13__thisway.Ashikerswecommunedwithnatureandmyfriendgotthe__14__sheneeded.Iamveryblessedtobeableto__15__mypassionfornaturewhile__16__helpingothermothers.It'sso__17__foreveryone'ssoul.It'smynaturechurch,sotospeak.My__18__istogetoutside!Gofora__19__andhelpsomeoneoutbyprovidingchildcareforanyonewhoneedssomepersonaltimeforthemselves.It'sa__20__thatistrulypricelessandsoeasytogive.在享受大自然的同时，赐予他人帮助。让我们将欢乐传给更多的人吧！1．A.help B．teachC．thank D．attract答案：A解析：依据“IloveditevenmorewhenIfoundIcouldusemypassion...”可知，“我”更喜爱在户外运动，同时，用“我”的热忱去帮助他人。2．A.recognize B．meetC．introduce D．knock答案：B解析：在接送孩子上学和放学的路上，“我”遇到的一些妈妈们要么是独自一人照看孩子，要么有一个须要特别照看的孩子。3．A.phoned B．affordedC．offered D．remembered答案：C解析：所以，“我”主动提出让他们的孩子和“我”与儿子一起徒步旅行。4．A.ask B．occupyC．take D．give答案：D解析：这样，就可以让孩子的妈妈略微休息一下。givesb.ashortrespite“让某人得到短暂的休息”。5．A.save B．spendC．earn D．add答案：A解析：句意：……还可以帮她省点钱，因为她就不须要雇保姆来照看孩子了。6．A.news B．changeC．mind D．opportunity答案：D解析：今日，“我”主动给“我”的挚友供应了这样一个机会。7．A.cold B．perfectC．wind D．hot答案：B解析：依据空后“justenoughsunbutstillcoolandbreezy”可知，今日阳光明媚，微风习习，凉快宜人，所以天气特别好。8．A.freezing B．dryC．cool D．warm答案：C解析：中途下起了蒙蒙细雨，让“我们”在去往目的地的路途中感到很凉快。9．A.hill B．buildingC．tower D．waterfall答案：D解析：依据第三段第一句可知