2019届高考英语总复习-专题十二-名词性从句讲义-新人教版

专题十二名词性从句-2-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七-3-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it做形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。it做形式主语后接that引导的主语从句时,that不可以省略。what引导的主语从句不能用it做形式主语代替。(2015·北京)How

we

understand

thingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。

-4-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七Exactly

when

the

potato

was

introduced

into

Europeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定,但有可能是在1565年左右。(2016·北京)What

is

lacking

todayistheconflictbetweenadolescents’desireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.当今所缺乏的正是青少年对自主权的渴望与他们对一个不安全世界的了解之间的矛盾。That

she

will

succeediscertain.→Itiscertainthat

she

will

succeed.她肯定会成功。-5-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七2.it做形式主语的常见句型(1)Itis+名词(nowonder,an

honor,agoodthing,a

pity,nosurprise等)+从句。It

is

no

surprise

thatwewillwinthematch.(2)Itis+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain等)+从句。(2014·北京)It

is

not

surprising

thatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.一点都不令人吃惊的是,年轻人很可能会情绪迸发,特别是当有理由去这样做时。(3)Itis+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced等)+从句。It

is

said

that

Mr.Smithhasarrived.-6-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七1.动词和介词后面都可以跟宾语从句。大多数动词(hope,tell,say等)后可以跟宾语从句。介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。(2015·重庆)Wemustfindoutwhen

Karl

is

coming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.我们必须弄明白卡尔会在什么时候到来,这样我们就可以为他订房间了。

(2016·天津)Youbegintorealizethatyourboyinyourfootsteps,couldprobablyaccomplishwhat

you

hoped

for.你开始意识到,让你的孩子追随你的脚步可能会实现你所期望的东西。-7-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七(2016·全国丙)Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhich

ones

will

best

suit

your

conditions.在活动中,你可以见到种植专家,并与他们探讨哪些品种最适合你的条件。Idon’tthink(that)you

are

right.我认为你不对。2.动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,需用it做形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythat

we

take

plenty

of

boiled

water

every

day.我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的开水。-8-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七3.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto等后接宾语从句时,常在从句前面加it。Ihateit

when

they

talk

with

their

mouths

full

of

food.我不喜欢人们吃着东西说话。4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容词后也可接宾语从句。I’msurethat

they

can

make

it.我确定他们会成功。-9-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七1.跟在be或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略。(2016·浙江)Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthat

it

can

hurt

the

person

being

talked

about.流言带来的一个重要的负面影响是它会伤害那个被谈论的人。(2014·湖南)AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhat/whatever

happens

to

you

while

you

are

busy

making

other

plans.正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的,生活就是当你忙于制订其他的计划时,所发生在你身上的事情。ThemessageofSaving

Private

Ryanisthat

humans

want

peace,not

war.《拯救大兵瑞恩》传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。-10-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七2.主句主语为idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。Hissuggestionisthat

we(should)change

our

course.他建议我们改变航线。3.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because。Thereasonfortheaccidentisthat

the

driver

was

too

careless.事故的原因是司机太大意。4.because,asif,as

though,as等也可引导表语从句。(2013·安徽)Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecause

about

seventy-one

percent

of

its

surface

is

covered

by

water.从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的地方被水覆盖着。-11-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容或者性质的从句。1.常见的能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word等。Itwassadnewsthat

a

music

professor

in

Beijing

committed

suicide

days

ago.几天前,北京的一位音乐教授自杀了,这是个不幸的消息。(2016·上海)Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthat

the

word“Poems”appeared

in

big,hot

pink

letters.只有那个大大的亮粉色单词“诗歌”引起了我的兴趣。-12-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略。(2014·重庆)—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoideawhy

he

did

it;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.——昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗?——是的,但是我不能理解他为什么这样做;那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。-13-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而是被别的成分隔开。Thestorygoesthat

William

Tell

did

kill

the

king.故事流传说威廉·泰尔确实杀了国王。4.doubt后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。doubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导,同位语从句用whether引导;用于否定句时,宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。Youcancomplain,butIdoubtwhether

it

will

make

any

difference.你可以发牢骚,但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。Thereisnodoubtthat

we

will

have

an

exam

next

week.毫无疑问下周我们要考试。-14-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七whether与if当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下只用whether,不用if:1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。Whether

you

are

on

good

terms

with

your

classmateswillaffectyourmood.你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。Weshoulddiscussthequestionwhether

we

can

finish

it

on

time

carefully.我们要认真讨论一下我们是否能按时完成任务这个问题。3.所引导的从句做介词宾语时。Italldependsonwhether

they

will

lend

us

the

money.这都要看他们是否会借给我们钱。-15-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七4.从句后有“ornot”时。(2016·江苏)Hejustdoesn’tcarewhether

his

neighbor

gets

fed

or

not.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.他就是不在意他的邻居有没有得到食物。猩猩真的很自私。5.后接动词不定式时。Idon’tknowwhether

to

go

to

the

party.我不知道是否去参加聚会。-16-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七1.that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任何含义;that引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。That

he

failed

the

exammademesurprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分)他考试没及格令我很惊讶。Heisagoodstudentexceptthat

he

is

a

little

careless.除了有点粗心以外,他是一个好学生。-17-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七2.what引导名词性从句时,其意义为“……的人/物/数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。what具有双重作用,既能引导从句,又能在从句中做成分。做主语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词+关系代词”,即常说的“先行词+that”。(2014·浙江)“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisiswhat

my

mother

used

to

tell

me.(what

指“……说的话”)“每次吃糖,要喝点绿茶,”这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。(2015·安徽)Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snotwhat

ships

are

built

for.(做for的宾语,意思为“什么样的用途”)船停泊在港湾里会很安全,但人们把它造出来可不是为了这个目的。-18-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七Youwillknowwhat

side

effect

the

medicine

brings

about.(做定语,意思为“什么样的”)你将会知道这种药会带来什么副作用。Helivesinwhat

we

call“spring

city”.(表示“……的地方”)=Helivesinthe

place

that

we

call“spring

city”.他住在一个叫“春城”的地方。Youdon’tknowwhat

good

students

they

are.(表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中)你不知道他们是多么好的学生。-19-考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点一考点七3.which引导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,且只能指物。Tellmewhich

book

you

like

better,theredoneortheblueone?Iwillbuythebookwhichyouchooseforyou.告诉我你更喜欢哪本书,红色的还是蓝色的?我给你买你选中的那本。4.AistoBwhatCistoD.A对于B就像C对于D一样。Air

is

to

us

what

water

is

to

fish.空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。-20-ⅡⅠⅠ.用适当的连接词填空1.(2016·江苏改编)Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.2.(2016·北京改编)Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.解析:分析句子结构可知,句中的it只是形式主语,后面的才是真正的主语。由于主语从句句意完整,且不缺少任何成分,故用that引导主语从句。解析:句意:你们的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句子结构来看,“

you

can

do”中缺少do的宾语,且表示“无论什么”,故填whatever。

-21-ⅡⅠ3.(2016·天津改编)Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.4.(2016·浙江名校新高考训练)—WhatdoyouthinkoftheenthusiasmofthepeopleinAukland?—Well,it’s

whatremainsunchanged.解析:分析句子结构可知,“a

suggestion”后面一句是它的内容,所以是同位语从句,且从句中不缺少成分,故应用that引导。解析:从第二句可知,it’s后面是表语从句,空格做句子的主语,且句意不完整,因此填what表示“something

that”。-22-ⅡⅠ5.(2016·浙江名校新高考训练)—Canwefinishourtaskbytheweekend?—Italldependson

whether

wecangetMr.Smith’scooperation.

6.(2015·浙江改编)Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigatewhatisbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.解析:句意:——我们能在周末前完成任务吗?——这完全取决于我们能否得到史密斯先生的合作,if当“是否”讲时不能做介词的宾语,故用whether表“是否”的意思。解析:分析句子结构可知,句中的investigate是及物动词,后跟宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,故填what。句意:如果你去河里或湖里游泳,一定要调查清楚水面下有什么。经常有岩石或树枝藏在水里。-23-ⅡⅠ7.(2015·四川改编)Theexhibitiontellsuswhyweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.8.Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestionswhoeverhadusedtheproducts.解析:分析句子结构可知,tell后面的宾语从句中不缺主语、宾语或表语,所以引导词不用连接代词。根据句意“这次展览告诉我们,为什么我们应该为防止空气污染做点事。”

可知空格处应该填why,表示我们应该为防止空气污染做点事的原因。解析:句意:为了提高我们产品的质量,我们征求了用过的人的建议。根据短语ask

sb.for

sth.可知suggestions后是宾语从句能代指人,引导宾语从句,且做主语的有who和whoever。但who意为“谁”,侧重于指事情,whoever=anyone

who侧重于指人,故用whoever。-24-ⅡⅠ9.Successusuallygoesto

whoever

iswell-prepared.

10.AllthestudentsofGrade3arestudyinghardinordertogainadmissionto

what

theybelieveisanidealuniversity.

解析:句意:成功往往属于那些有准备的人。whoever

is

well-prepared从句构成介词to的宾语,从句中whoever做主语,相当于anyone

who。解析:句意:高三年级的学生为了被录取到他们认为的理想大学而正在努力学习。空后的宾语从句中they

believe为插入语,宾语从句缺少主语,故应用what引导。-25-ⅡⅠ11.Theproblemisthatonelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.12.Youcantellaboutapersonby

what

hesaysaboutothersintheirabsence.

解析:分析句子结构可知,第一个is是句子的谓语,空后是叙述的problem的内容,表语从句成分齐全,故用that引导;that无任何意义,仅起引导作用。解析:句意:你能根据一个人对不在现场的其他人的评价了解关于他的情况。by后跟宾语从句,从句中缺少say的宾语,应用what。-26-ⅡⅠ13.Tom’sworryisthathewon’tbechosenfortheschoolfootballteam.14.Thetruth

that

treesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.

解析:句意:汤姆的担忧是他将不会被选上参加学校足球队。题干中is后是表语从句,表语从句中不缺少成分,所以此处用that引导。解析:此处是同位语从句,又因为从句中不缺少成分,故填连词that。-27-ⅡⅠ15.WhathemeantisthattheInternetisfullofinformationbutitcanbedifficulttofind

what

youreallyneed.

16.Itreallymattershowhetreatedthelatestfailure,fortheexaminationisaroundthecorner.解析:what引导的宾语从句,做need的宾语。

解析:句意:由于考试临近了,他如何对待最近的失败关系很大。it为形式主语,主语从句中缺少方式状语,故用how。-28-ⅡⅠ17.What

Iwasdoingwasabravemove,ofcourse.

18.Focusingonwhatyouwanttobringintoyourlife—notwhatyouwanttoavoid—willmakeyoumorelikelytoactuallypursueit.解析:分析句子结构可知,第二个was是句子的谓语,其前是一个主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,故填What。解析:介词on后是一个宾语从句,从句中动词bring缺少宾语,故填what。-29-ⅡⅠ19.The3GphonemustbeofgreatusetowhoeverwantstogettheinformationthroughtheInternetquickly.20.Doctorsholdthebeliefthatsucharoboticoperationwillmakesaferandbetteroperationsinthefutureandwillimprovedoctortrainingaswell.解析:句意:3G手机对于想快速从网上得到信息的任何人都很有用。空后的从句中缺少主语,应用whoever=anyone

who,它既引导宾语从句也在从句中做主语。who“谁”,语义不合适。whoever“无论谁”。解析:空后内容用以说明空前belief的内容,应填that引导同位语从句。故填that。-30-ⅡⅠⅡ.根据短文内容,用恰当的词填空Twentyyearsagofewpeoplerealized1.

that

computerswereabouttobecomepartofourdailylives.Thisshortperiodoftimehasseenenormouschanges,in

business,educationandpublicadministration.Jobs,2.

which

usedtotakeweekstocomplete,arenowcarriedoutinminutes.Clerks3.

who

spentalldaycopyingandcheckingcalculationsarenowfreedfromtheseboringtasks.

-31-ⅡⅠSchoolchildrenhavebecomeasfamiliarwithhardwareandsoftware4.

as

theirparentswerewithpencilsandexercisebooks.Computerisation(电脑化