Unit-2-Healthy-Lifestyle【过基础】(学生版)人教版-2019选择性

Unit2HealthyLifestyle【过基础】词汇拓展 1．alcoholn．酒；酒精→adj.(含)酒精的n．酗酒者2．psychologyn．心理学；心理；心理影响→adj.心理(学)的→n．心理学家3．rewardn．回报；奖励；报酬vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→adj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的4．examinevt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→n．考试(exam)；检查；审查5．composevt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写→n．组成；作曲；作文6．surgeonn．外科医生→n．外科手术；外科学7．disturbvt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的8．specialistn．专科医生；专家→adj.特别的；专门的→adv.特别地；专门→vt.专门研究；专门从事9．consultantn．顾问；高级顾问医师→vt.&vi.请教；咨询vt.查阅；参考10．refreshvt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→adj.令人振奋的→n．焕发精神；恢复活力11．absorbvt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的重点词组 1．回答；答复2．依赖；依靠；信赖3．立即；马上4．决定；选定5．下定决心6．由……组成(或构成)的7．剃掉；刮去8．焦虑不安；疲惫不堪9．筋疲力尽的；疲惫的重点句型 1．However，duringthisperiod，someofthemtoformbadhabits.然而，在这一时期，对他们中的一些人来说，很容易养成坏习惯。2．Tochangebadhabitsisnevereasy，.改变坏习惯绝不容易，即使经过多次尝试。3．theChinesephilosopherLaoZiwrote，“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.”正如中国哲学家老子所写：“千里之行，始于足下。”4．IgotabsorbedIplayedthegamesdayandnight.我如此沉迷，以至于整日整夜地玩游戏。5．Ithroughclimbing，spendmoretimewithmydad，andgettomeetnewfriends.通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。知识精讲知识要点1abusen．滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂[教材P14]Forexample，someofthemmaybecomeinvolvedintobaccooralcoholabuse，whichcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。[例1]Whatwentonherewasanabuseofpower.这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。[例2]Heturnedroundanddirectedatorrentofabuseatme.他转过身来冲我劈头盖脸地骂了一通。[知识拓展]abuseone'spower滥用某人的权力alcohol/drugabuse酗酒/嗜毒scream/shoutabuse高声谩骂/大声辱骂childabuse虐待儿童socialabuse社会弊端[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Heabused(he)privilegesinactivitiesoutsidehisofficialcapacity.②Janet(abuse)byherfathersinceshewaseleven.③Theevidenceathandsuggeststhat．现有的证据表明他有滥用职权的行为。知识要点2inresponseto回答；答复[教材P14]Secondly，thereisa“routine”，theregularactionyoutakeinresponsetothecue.第二，“惯例”，即你根据提示所采取的常规行动。[例1]Thequickrecoverywastrulyinresponsetomedication.这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。[例2]Hisletterinresponsetoherrequestcontainedafirmrefusal.对于她的请求他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。[知识拓展](1)responsen．回答，回应；反应makea/noresponseto对……做出回应/不予回答(2)respondvi.回答，回应respondto...with/by...用……回应……[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译①Afewdayslater，shestillmadenoresponsemye­mail.②Sherespondedthenewsbyburstingintotears.③Heheldabigparty．(respond)＝Heheldabigparty．(response)他举办了一个大的派对来回应那个消息。知识要点3rewardn．回报；奖励；报酬vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬[教材P14]Thirdly，thereisthe“reward”，thegoodthingorfeelingwegetfromtheroutine.第三，“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的美好事物或感觉。[例1]Theoldladyisofferingarewardof$50toanyonewhofindshercatforher!这位年老的女士给为她找到猫的人提供50美元的奖赏！[例2]Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacashbonus.她因自己所做的努力而得到一笔奖金。[知识拓展]asarewardfor作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏give/offerarewardtosb.forsth.因为某事而给某人报酬inrewardof为酬谢……；作为对……的奖励inreward＝inreturn作为回报/报答rewardsb.withsth.fordoingsth.为某事而以某物报答某人[即学即练]单句语法填空/一句多译①Hewasgivenamedalasarewardhisservice.②Hiseffortwasrewardedremarkablesuccess.③Theoldmangavethelittleboyadollarewardforhishelp.reward，theboygavehimahug.④Theysavingthechild.(rewardn．)＝Theysavingthechild.(rewardv．)他们因他救了那个小孩而奖赏他。知识要点4relyon依赖；依靠；信赖[教材P15]Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelytocontinuethecycle，andthebadhabitofrelyingonunhealthysnacksisformed.奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环，并养成依赖不健康零食的不良习惯。[例1]Wehadtorelyonacompassandalotoflucktogethere.我们不得不依靠指南针和不错的运气到达这儿。[例2]Don'trelyonhisideas，beyourownmaster.你别总是仰承他的意见，要有自己的主见。[知识拓展](1)relyon＋n./doing... 指望/依靠……relyonsb./sth.doing/todo... 指望……做……relyonitthat... 指望……(2)dependon/upon 依赖；依靠(3)counton/upon 依赖；依靠[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Nothavingfoundabetterway，wehadtorelyhimtobetheinterpreter.②Thesuccessofthisprojectreliesoneveryone(make)aneffort.③Youcanrelyonitthatitwillraintomorrow.④Idon'tknow，butI'mwillingtotakeagamble.我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一下险。知识要点5examinevt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验[教材P15]Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits，wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向转化，我们必须首先审视自己的坏习惯循环，然后尽力去调整。[例1]TheseideaswillbeexaminedinmoredetailinChapter10.这些观点将在第10章作更为详细的探讨。[例2]Thegoodswereexaminedfordamageonarrival.货物到达时检查是否有破损。[知识拓展](1)examinesb.in/on... 测验某人……examinationn. 审查；调查；考查；考察； (仔细的)检查，检验(2)aphysicalexamination 体检[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Theplanswill(examine)byEUenvironmentministers.②Aphysical(examine)isapreliminarytojoiningthearmy.③Thestudentsattheendoftheterm.期末时学生须参加所有学科的考试。[小片段填空]Lastweek，theteacherusinmaths.Afterthe，weallwenttothehospitaltohavephysical．(examine)知识要点6straightaway立即；马上[教材P15]...andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway，weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.……如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。[例1]ItoldhimstraightawaywhatIthoughtofthematter.我毫不迟疑地把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。[例2]Let'sstartthemeetingstraightaway!我们马上开会吧！[知识拓展](1)straightoff/out 毫不犹豫；直率straightup (询问或强调所说的话的真实性) 真的，确实(2)表示“立刻，马上”的词组atonce；rightnow；rightaway[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Sheaskedhimstraightwhathethoughtaboutitall.②Soforme，Iwouldstraighttellthem.③Isuggestyou．我建议你立即打电话给她。知识要点7decideon决定；选定[教材P15]...youhavetothinkaboutyourbadhabitsanddecideonsomechanges.……你必须思考你的不良习惯并决定做出一些改变。[例1]Afterleavinguniversity，Theresedecidedonacareerinpublishing.大学毕业后，特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。[例2]Haveyoudecidedonadateforthewedding?你们定好婚礼日期了吗？[知识拓展](1)decidetodo/that＋从句... 决定做……(2)makeadecision 做出决定cometo/arriveat/reachadecision 做出决定[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Nowthatyoudecide(go)，you'dbettergoatonce.②Theyhavechewedtheproblemoverforhoursandhopetoreacha(decide)soon.③Iamalreadyanadult，soIshould．我已经是个成年人了，我应该决定自己的生活。知识要点8makeupone'smind下定决心[教材P16]Weneedtomakeupourmindsandshowsomediscipline，andmakesmallchangesovertime.我们需要下定决心，表现出一些纪律性，并随着时间的推移做出一些小的改变。[例1]Onceshehasmadeuphermind，nothingcanchangeit.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。[例2]Itisearlydaysyettomakeupourminds.我们要下决心现在还为时过早。[知识拓展]changeone'smind改变主意keep/bear/have...inmind记住；牢记在心头keep/bear/haveinmindthat...记住；牢记在心头speakone'smind直言不讳readone'smind看出某人的心思[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Ifyouthinkitover，maybeyouwillchange(you)mind.②Youmustkeep/bear/havemindthattheseexamswillaffectyourfinalresult.③Webeforedark.我们决心在天黑前完成工作。[名师点津]在短语makeupone'smind中，mind的单复数要随其前one's的单复数而变化。知识要点9composevt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写[教材P16]Lifeiscomposedofmanyelements，suchasfamily，friends，study，work，entertainment，andsoon.生活是由许多要素组成的，如家庭、朋友、工作、娱乐等等。[例1]Tenmencomposethecommittee.委员会由十人组成。[例2]Mozartcomposedhislastoperashortlybeforehedied.莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。[知识拓展](1)becomposedof＝bemadeupof＝consistof由……组成(2)composern.作曲家(3)compositionn.作品；作曲；作文[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Theseawaterismainlycomposedwaterandsalt.②LudwigvanBeethovenwasaGerman(compose)andpianist.③Theteachersingledoutone(compose)forclassdiscussion.④Ourclassandtwelvegirls.我们班由18个男生和12个女生组成。[小片段填空]Theoncecreatedafamousfilm，whichwasofthreeparts.Hishelpedhimwonalotofprizes.(compose)重点句式1状语从句的省略[教材P4]Thesebadhabits，ifleftunchecked，couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。[句式分析]ifleftunchecked是iftheyareleftunchecked的省略形式；if条件句中如果从句主语和句子主语一致，可以直接跟分词形式。[例1]Ifasked，IwouldsaythatIbelongtothegenerationofhope.如果被问到，我会说我属于希望的一代。[例2]Ifinvitedtoawedding，youwillreceiveaninvitationsixtoeightweeksbeforetheevent.如果有人邀请你参加婚礼，你会在婚礼前六到八个星期收到请帖。[知识拓展]when，while，once，unless等引导状语从句也有类似用法，后面可以跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。状语从句省略的条件：(1)从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。(2)如果状语从句中出现了itis/was时，可以把itis/was一起省略。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Unless(invite)tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.②，storiesshouldrevealalotoffactsaboutyourpersonalityandbackground.如果故事讲得好的话，它会彰显你的个性和背景。③，shemetthislovelywoman.在闲逛时，她遇到了这位可爱的女士。④youcanhelpustodosomething.必要时，你能帮我们做些事。重点句式2ratherthan连接并列谓语[教材P15]So，whenwefeelunhappyagain(cue)，ratherthaneatsnacks，wecouldlistentosomeofourfavouritemusicinstead(routine)...所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(提示)，与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例)……[句式分析]句中的ratherthan连接并列谓语listento和eat。[例1]Muchofthefoodpleasesratherthanexcites.这些食物中许多只是让人满意，但并不让人兴奋。[例2]Hedecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.他决定写信，不打电话。[知识拓展](1)ratherthan用作连词，连接两个平行结构。它构成的句型结构：prefertodo...ratherthando... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……woulddo...ratherthando... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……wouldratherdo...thando... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……(2)ratherthan用作介词，与insteadof同义。(3)AratherthanB作主语时，谓语要与A在人称与数上保持一致。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①YouratherthanI(be)goingtogocamping.②Iprefer(play)basketballratherthangofishing.③Iprefertogetupearlyratherthan．我宁愿早起而不是不吃早饭上学。④Thechildrenwouldwalkthere．孩子们宁愿步行去那儿而不愿乘公共汽车。⑤Let'sgetitdoneassoonaspossible，．我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。题组A基础过关练一.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)1．Shestartedsingingtothebabyandwaswithasmile，whichmadeherquitehappy.2．Ialwaysmyselfwithacupofcoffeeaftersomehardwork.3．Whensheenteredthedarkroom，fearherstraightaway.4．HetoldussomefunnyjokesinEnglishtoourinterestinstudyingEnglish.5．Being(检查)onamonthlybasisenabledhimtokeepphysicallyfit.6．Itwastheimageofcalmand(自制力)thatappealedtovoters.7．Thedoctorsare(悲观的)abouthischancesofrecovery.8．Hehasa(消极的)attitudetowardsstudyinseniorhighschoolandhisheadteachertriestopersuadehimtobeburiedinstudying.二.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)Thosewhohaveagoodknowledgeofarecalled，whocanhandleproblemswithease.(psychology)10．ImustrewardyouwithaChinesedictionaryforyour(reward)suggestionsonhowtostrengthenmyconfidence.11．Hisnewthathelastweekattractedlotsofattention，whichwasbeyondourexpectations.(compose)12．Whatmademeannoyedwasthatthenoiseoutsidecompletelymymind.(disturb)13．Thewelcomepartyisheldforthewhoinsurgery.(specialist)14．ImusttheexperiencedabouthowmuchexerciseIshouldattempt.(consultant)15．Areyoufamiliarwiththeman(absorb)himselfinreadingtheEnglishclassics?三.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)16．我可以轻松地和来自美国的交换生交流。(it作形式主语).17．比赛前进行足够的训练是有必要的。isnecessary.18．正如老话所说，“独木不成林。”，“Onetreedoesn’tmakeaforest.”19．这次机会是如此珍贵，你承担不起错过它的后果。(so...that...)youcan’taffordtomissit.20．快点！在聚会前恐怕你没时间换衣服了。(getdone)Hurryup！I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimetobeforetheparty.题组B能力提升练一.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分Asteenagersgrowup，theybecomeincreasinglyindependentandstart1.(make)theirowndecisions.However，duringthisperiod，itcanbeeasyforsomeofthem2.(form)badhabits.Thesebadhabits，if3.(leave)unchecked，canleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.Tochangebadhabitsisnevereasy，evenwithmany4.(attempt)．Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchangeourbadhabitsifweunderstand5.habitswork.Tofacilitate6.positivechangeinourbadhabits，wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.Wecandothisby(combine)theinformationfromourhabitcycleswithourownpositiveideas.Wecanalsousethehabitcycle8.(create)goodhabits.Manyofustrytochangebadhabitsquickly，andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway，weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.Asamatteroffact，themostsuccessfulwaytochangeisnotsuddenly,9.overaperiodoftime.Toreachthegoalofchange，apersonmust10.(repeat)takemanysmallsteps.Youngpeoplehavethepowertobuildahappyandhealthylifefullofgoodhabits!二请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：动词不定式作主语)eq\x(enhance，refresh，absorb，dizzy，decideon，compose)WhenIsawsomestudentsdominatedbyalcohol，tobaccoordrug，Imadeupmymindtohelpthem“delete”thebadhabits.TofacilitateapositivechangewaswhyIsetupateamwhichwas1.ofsurgeons，specialistsinpsychology，consultantsanddentists，whowouldregularlydeliverspeechesto2.thesestudents’awarenessofphysicalhealth.Studentswererepeatedlyinformedofsometipsonhowtogetoutofapessimisticornegativestate，howtostaydynamicandhowtoget3.whentheywerestressedoutorwornout.Tothesestudents，tobeexaminedonamonthlybasiswasnecessary.Theywerealsoadvisedtoparticipateinbowlingmatches，gotoskateboardingorgotoseeacomedytostimulatetheirenthusiasminlife.Studentsweregivensugarycookiesornutsstraightawayiftheyfelt4.orgottheflu.Throughtheseactivities，moststudents5.changingtheirbadhabitsinrewardforourhelp.Theywouldrelyonself-disciplinetogovernthemselvesandcouldbe6.instudyinginsteadofskippingclasses.Theypromisedtobehavethemselvesinresponsetoourpatientguidance.题组C培优拔尖练一.完形填空[一]Adventureisinmyblood.AndIhadbeenconsideringhowIwasgoingto1myhighschoolgraduation.Ididn’tjustwantasmallpartyinthebackyard.Istartedthinkingaboutdoingasolo2somewhereoutoftheordinary.Itookoutmapsanddrewthe1,500-mileroutealongwhichIwouldbe3fromthenorthernmostpointinNorwaytothesouthernmostsectionofSweden.WhenIsharedmyplanswithmydad，he4asIthoughthewould.BecauseIgetmyadventurousspiritsfromhim，hewas5it.Ihadonlybeenawayfrommyhomethreedaysnow，buttherewasaninner6goingoninsideofme.Partofmewas7anddoubtingwhetherIreallycouldmakeit.Theotherpartofmewasreadyto8tomyselfandmyfamilythatIcoulddoitbymyself.Ontheroad，ImetanotherbicyclistwhowasquiteabitolderthanIwas.HehadstartedhisjourneyalonebybikeatthesouthernpartofNorwayandhadjustfinished.Icouldtellhehadagreatsenseof9.Itencouragedmenotto10.AsIlistenedtomy11artistsonmyMP4player，Ipedaled(踩踏板)withmyfeet.Therewas12aroundmeformiles.13，thatwasn’tentirelytrue.Thereweremosquitoes—millionsofthem.Myarmsweresodottedwithbitesthattheylookedlikeatopographicalmap(地形图)．But，however14itwouldbe，nothingcouldstopmyadvance15thedestination.Asyouknow，adventureisinmyblood.1．A.celebrate B．finish C．spend D．organize2．A.flight B．activity C．performance D．trip3．A.walking B．flying C．biking D．jogging4．A.agreed B．sighed C．teased D．obtained5．A.infearof B．inchargeof C．infavorof D．inneedof6．A.battle B．dilemma C．request D．discussion7．A.stubborn B．ambitious C．homesick D．astonished8．A.submit B．turn C．prove D．adapt9．A.humor B．direction C．balance D．satisfaction10．A.calmdown B．breakdown C．keepon D．giveup11．A.personal B．favorite C．professional D．grateful12．A.nobody B．everybody C．anything D．everything13．A.Simply B．actually C．Eventually D．Fortunately14．A.boring B．confusing C．complex D．tough15．A.from B．with C．in D．toward[二]ScientistsinNorwayhavesomegoodnewsforcoffeedrinkers.Researchershavealreadyfoundevidencethatthedrinkorthebeanscanhelpwithweightloss，1one’sriskofdevelopingsomediseases，promotemusclegrowth，protectagainstcertaintypesofcancersandcanevenreduceone’sriskofpremature(早于预期的)death，amongmanyother2.Nowitissaidthatacupof3reducesphysicalpain.Thesurprisingfindingis4astudyinvolving48volunteerswhoagreedtospend90minutesperformingcomputertasksmeanttofinishofficework.Thetaskswereknownto5painintheshoulders，neck，forearmsandwrists.Theresearcherswantedto6howpeoplewithpainandthosewhowerepain-freetolerated(忍受)thepainofsuchtasks.“Asamatterofconvenience，thescientistsallowedpeopletodrinkcoffeebeforetakingthetesttoavoid7effectsofcaffeinelack，e.g.decreasedvigor，sleepiness，andexhaustion，”theyreported.Whenitcametimetoanalyzethedata，theresearchersfromNorway’sNationalInstituteofOccupationalHealthandOsloUniversityHospitalnoticedthatthe19peoplewhodrankcoffeereporteda8intensity(强度)ofpainthanthe29peoplewhodidn’t.Intheshouldersandneck，9，theaveragepainwasrated41(ona100-pointscale)amongthecoffeedrinkersand55forthenon-coffeedrinkers.Similargapswerefoundforallpainsitesmeasured，andcoffee’sobviouspain-reductioneffect10.However，theauthorsofthestudy，whichwaspublishedthisweekinthejournal，BMCResearchNotes，warnthattheresultsofthestudycomewithmany11.Forstarters，theresearchersdon’tknowhowmuchcoffeethecoffeedrinkersconsumed(消耗)beforetakingthecomputertests.12，theydoubtwhetherthecoffeedrinkersandnon-coffeedrinkerswere13inallaspectsexceptfortheircoffeeconsumption.Problemslikethesetendto14theimportanceofthefindings.Butthosedoubtsare15totroublethecoffeedrinkerslookingforanyreasonnottocutbackontheirdailycaffeinehabit.1．A.take B．reduce C．increase D．face2．A.trends B．advice C．benefits D．promotions3．A.milk B．water C．coke D．coffee4．A.basedon B．fondof C．differentfrom D．regardedas5．A.ca