专题12：阅读理解2020-2021学年七年级英语下学期期中专项复习

专题12：阅读理解2020-2021学年七年级英语下学期期中专项复习第一部分阅读理解解题技巧一、分门别类识别文体。记叙文阅读主要抓六大要素，时间地点、人物和事件的起因经过和结果。除此之外，还要注意人物之间的关系、表现，再从中分析人物的思想品质、性格特征等。议论文是阐明对人或事的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理从而得出结论。应用文能站近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、中清书、个人简历等，形式多样，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。二、统览全篇摘录要点阅读理解是对整前文章的目的、意园、观点、立场、志度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为有些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接获取的，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。抽录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。三、开动脑筋推测词义初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料。换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下几种方法完成内化过程:(1)根据上下文猜测调义。(2)根据构词法猜测词义。前缓un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy;fairunfair;important-unimportant等。缀-ment表名词，如developdevelopment;statestatement;argue-argument等。后最-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate-calculator;visit-visitor;law-lawyer;art-artist等。四、用知识和生活经验理解短文如根据化学知识，可以理解Walterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逆细推理实际上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。五、条分缕析理解长旬物型，相生间选理制的对点之一，长句中酒常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句短语等经过分析，化整为零，化默为简，此句就不难理解了。第二部分阅读理解专项训练阅读理解（一）Tomhasahappyfamily.Therearesomerulesinhisfamily.KeephealthyBeinghealthyisimportant.Tom'sfamilyplaysportsforonehoureveryday.TomisintheschoolSwimmingClub.Andhisparentsruneverymorning.EveningtimeisfamilytimeTheycan'twatchTVorplaycomputergamesafterdinner.Thefamilyusuallysitonthesofaandtalk.Tomalwaystalksabouthisschoolandfriends.Sometimestheytakeawalktogether.Alwayssay“loveyou”and“thankyou”Tomsays“Iloveyou”inthemorningbeforehegoestoschoolandintheeveningbeforehegoestobed.Hisparentssayittohimtoo.WhenTomhelpshismother,shesays“Thankyou”.Theyshowtheirloveandthanksallthetime.1．WhatdoesTomusuallydoafterdinner?A．Heplayscomputergames. B．HewatchesTVwithhisparents.C．Hetalkswithhisparents. D．Hedoeshishomework.2．Tomsays“Iloveyou”tohisparents______.A．beforehegetsup B．beforehegoestobedC．beforebreakfast D．beforelunch3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Tom'sfamilyisfullofloveandhappiness.B．Tom'sfatherdoesn'tdoexerciseeveryday.C．Tomcan'twatchTVathomeintheafternoon.D．Tomhasnohomeworktodoeveryday.4．Thepassagemainlytalksabout______.A．beinghealthyandhappy B．theimportanceofdoingsportsC．showingloveandthanks D．rulesinTom'sfamily【答案】1-4．CBAD【分析】本文主要介绍了Tom家里的一些家规。1．细节理解题。根据“Theycan'twatchTVorplaycomputergamesafterdinner.Thefamilyusuallysitonthesofaandtalk.”可知，Tom晚饭后通常坐在沙发上会和爸爸妈妈聊天，故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“Tomsays“Iloveyou”inthemorningbeforehegoestoschoolandintheeveningbeforehegoestobed.”可知，Tom在早上去学校之前和晚上上床之前会对父母说“我爱你”，故选B。3．推理判断题。根据“Tomhasahappyfamily.”以及“Theyshowtheirloveandthanksallthetime.”及各种家规可以看出，Tom的家里充满了爱和幸福。故选A。4．主旨大意题。根据文意和“Therearesomerulesinhisfamily.”可知，这篇短文介绍的是Tom的家规。故选D。阅读理解（二）Computersarepopularwithpeopleallovertheworld.Lisa:Iamanartteacher.Ioftenusethecomputertodomywork.It'sveryhelpful.SometimesIwatchmoviesonit.David:Ihaveacomputerathome.ButIdon'tuseittoooften.It'sbadformyeyes.Ionlycheckmyemailsonit.Mybrotheroftenplaysgamesonit.Jenny:Ilovemycomputer.IlikeshoppingontheInternet.AndeveryFridaynightIusemycomputertotalkwithmyfriends.Tom:Ionlyusethecomputerinthecomputerroominourschool.Igothereeverydayafterschool.Iusuallysearchforinformationanddomyhomework.5．Jennytalkswithherfriendsonthecomputer________.A．onSundays B．onThursdays C．onSaturdays D．onFridays6．Tomusesthecomputer________.A．athome B．athisfriend'shome C．atschool D．attheschoollibrary7．Whooftenplayscomputergames?A．Lisa'steacher. B．David'sbrother. C．Tom'ssister. D．Jenny'sfriend.【答案】5-7．DCB【分析】本文讲述了电脑对于Lisa、Daniel、Jenny和Tom四个人的不同用途。5．细节理解题。根据“Jenny:...AndeveryFridaynightIusemycomputertotalkwithmyfriends.”可知Jenny每周五用电脑和朋友们聊天。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据“Tom:Ionlyusethecomputerinthecomputerroominourschool.”可知Tom只在学校使用电脑。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据“David:...Mybrotheroftenplaysgamesonit.”可知David的弟弟经常玩电脑游戏。故选B。阅读理解（三）Whenthebellrings,everystudenttakesoutaniPad.Thelightfromthescreensmakestheiryoungfacesprettyandlively.That'swhathappenseverydayatmyschoolintheUS.WeuseiPadsinclass.IfeltexcitedwhenIgotaniPadthefirstdayIarrivedattheschool.Butitwasnotfree.Ispentabout$100renting(租)itforthreeyears.EveryiPadatmyschoolhasaspeciallearningsystemcalledFocus.TeachersputtheirteachingmaterialsliketextbooksandPPTsonit.Whenwehaveclasses,weenterFocusanddownload(下载)thematerialswithouriPads.Itmakestheclassesinterestingandefficient(高效的).Forexample,afewweeksago,welearnedaboutLondonintheUK.Ourteacherpreparedavideo,wesawmanyplacesofinterestinLondoninit.Wecouldnotonlywatchthevideo,butalsoseethewordsatthesametime.Becauseofthevideo,Iknowmoreaboutthecity.WealsodoourhomeworkwithiPads.Wecanknowhowwellwedoourhomeworkrightafterwehandinourhomework.However,therearestillsomebadpointsaboutlearningwithiPads.Someofmyclassmatesplaygamesinclass.IbelievetheimportantthingtouseiPadswellistohavegoodself-control(自制),isn'tit?8．Inthewriter'sclass,everystudent________.A．getsafreeiPadfromtheteacheratschool B．rentsaniPadtouseatschoolforthreeyearsC．sharesaniPadwiththeirclassmatesinclass D．playsinterestinggamesoniPadsineachclass9．Theunderlinedword"Focus"is________.A．aspeciallearningsystem B．somePPT'sandvideosC．teachers'teachingmaterials D．thenameoftheiPad10．AccordingtotheexampleinParagraph4,welearnthat________.A．studentsdon'tliketouseiPadsinclass B．iPadsarenotusefulwhentheyhaveclassesC．studentsuseiPadstowatchvideoseveryclass D．iPadsmaketheclassesinterestingandefficient11．WhatdoesthewriterthinkofusingiPadsinschool?A．StudentsshoulduseiPadstoplaycomputergames. B．TouseiPadsinschoolisverybadforstudents'eyes.C．Studentsshouldhavegoodself-controltouseiPads. D．AllstudentshoulduseiPadstoplaygamesinclass.【答案】8-11．BADC【分析】文章主要讲述了在美国，老师和学生们在课堂上使用iPad的情况。在课堂上使用iPad使学习非常有趣而且高效，但是也要求学生们有好的自控力。8．细节理解题。根据“IfeltexcitedwhenIgotaniPadthefirstdayIarrivedattheschool.Butitwasnotfree.Ispentabout$100renting(租)itforthreeyears.”可知，在作者的班里，每个学生都租了一台iPad在学校使用三年，故选B。9．词义猜测题。根据“EveryiPadatmyschoolhasaspeciallearningsystemcalledFocus.”可知，“Focus”是一个特殊的学习系统，故选A。10．细节理解题。根据“Itmakestheclassesinterestingandefficient(高效的)”以及第四段举的例子可知，iPad的使用使得课堂变得有趣而高效，故选D。11．细节理解题。根据“IbelievetheimportantthingtouseiPadswellistohavegoodself-control(自制),isn'tit?”可知，作者认为学生在学校使用ipad时应该有良好的自控能力。故选C。阅读理解（四）LiMingisaChineseboy.ButnowheisintheU.K.HeliveswithMr.andMrs.WhiteinLondon.Theyareveryfriendlytohim.Buttheylikedifferentfood.Forbreakfast,Mr.andMrs.Whitewouldlikemilk,eggsandsomevegetables.LiMingwouldlikemilkandeggs.Buthewouldn'tlikevegetablesatthebreakfasttime.Lunchisatoneo'clock.Mr.andMrs.Whiteusuallyhavebighamburgers.LiMingdoesn'tlikethem.Hewouldlikesomevegetablesandrice.Afterthat,theylikesomefruits.Fordinner,Mr.andMrs.Whitehavesoup,beefandvegetables.LiMingwouldn'tlikebeef.Hewouldlikenoodlesandcakes.Sometimeshe'dlikesomestrawberryice-cream.Beforegoingtobed,LiMingoftendrinksaglassofhotmilk.It'sgoodforsleep.12．LiMingisfrom_________.A．China B．America. C．England D．India13．LiMingwouldlike________forbreakfast.A．milk,eggsandsomevegetables B．milkandsomevegetablesC．eggsandsomevegetables D．milkandeggs14．Theyhavelunchat__________.A．12:00 B．12:30 C．13:00 D．13:3015．Beforegoingtobed,LiMingoftendrinks_________.A．acupofwater B．aglassofjuiceC．acupoftea D．aglassofmilk.【答案】12-15．ADCD【分析】本文讲述了中国男孩李明和怀特夫妇饮食习惯。12．细节理解题。根据第1句“LiMingisaChineseboy.”可知李明来自中国。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第7句“LiMingwouldlikemilkandeggs.”可知早饭李明想要喝牛奶和吃鸡蛋。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据第9句“Lunchisatoneo'clock.”可知他们13点吃午饭。故选C。15．细节理解题。根据倒数第2句“Beforegoingtobed,LiMingoftendrinksaglassofhotmilk.”可知睡觉前，李明经常喝一杯热牛奶。故选D。阅读理解（五）XavierMcCourycanonlyseethreecolours,black,whiteandgrey.Hecan’tseered,green,yellow,blue,brown,purple,pink,orangeorothercolours.SoyoucanseeXavieriscolour-blind.NowXavieristenyearsold.HehasapairofEnChromaGlassesfromhisauntCelena.Theglasseshelp(帮助)himseeallthecolours.WhenXavierputson(戴上)theglassesforthefirsttime,heisshocked(震惊)atseeingmanycolours.“Canyouseemyshirt?Purple?”hisdadasks.Xaviercries(哭)happilyandsaysyes.“Thankyou!”hesaystohisaunt.Hismum,Melissa,says,“Xavierishappytoseemanycolourswiththeglassesforthefirsttime.Hesayshedoesn’twanttotakeofftheglasses.”16．Xavier’sfamilynameis_________.A．Brown B．Smith C．Green D．McCoury17．Howmanycoloursarementioned(被提及)inthispassage?A．6. B．8. C．11. D．12.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“colour-blind”meaninChinese?A．色盲的 B．左撇子的 C．失明的 D．聋的19．WecanknowXavier’sfatherhasa__________shirtfromthepassage.A．red B．white C．brown D．purple20．MelissaisXavier’s__________.A．aunt B．mother C．sister D．friend【答案】16-20．DCADB【分析】本文主要讲述了一个有色盲的小男孩从他阿姨那收到了一副眼镜，在带上眼镜之后，他看到了很多颜色，他喜极而泣并感谢了他的阿姨。16．细节理解题。根据“XavierMcCourycanonlyseethreecolours…”以及常识可知他们的姓是McCoury。故选D。17．细节理解题。根据“…black,whiteandgrey.Hecan’tseered,green,yellow,blue,brown,purple,pink,orangeorothercolours.”可知一共提及了11种颜色。故选C。18．词义猜测题。根据“XavierMcCourycanonlyseethreecolours…Hecan’tseered…”可知他有的颜色能看见，有的颜色看不见，可推断他是色盲。故选A。19．细节理解题。根据“Canyouseemyshirt?Purple?”可知他爸爸的衬衫是紫色的。故选D。20．细节理解题。根据“Hismum,Melissa…”可知Melissa是Xavier的妈妈。故选B。阅读理解（六）Whatwouldtheworldbelikeifcarscoulddrivethemselves?Imagineseeinganemptycarpassingbyonitswaytopickupitsowner,oracarfullofpassengerswhoarereading,listeningtomusicorevensleeping,butnoneofthemareworriedabouttheroadahead.Well,allofthiscouldbethefutureofdriving.Thereareseveralcompanies,includingGoogle,workingondriverless(无人驾驶的)cars,whicharecurrently(目前)inthetestingstages.Ifthetestsaresuccessful,theseelectric,self-drivencarscouldbeavailableverysoon.But,howisitpossibleforacartodriveitself?Carsalreadyhavemanyfeaturesallowingthemtotakeoverfordriversincertainsituations.Somefeaturesincludecarsbeingabletoparkthemselves,orslowdownwhentheydetectobjects(物体)closeby.Theycanalsocontrolthespeediftherearedangerousconditions,suchassnoworslippery(滑的)roads.Otherfeatureshavealsochangedthewaydriversreacttosomesituations.Scientistsandengineersbelieve,withthehelpofwirelesssignals,camerasandGPD,wearenowatastagewherecreatingasafeself-drivingcarmightbepossible.Theself-drivencarmaybetheanswertoloweringthenumberofdeadly(致命的)accidentscausedbycarelessdriversordangerousconditions.However,therearestillsomepeoplewhodonotliketheidea.AmericanlawyerWhitDrake,forexample,doesn’tbelievethesecarsaresafe.Hethinksthepossibilityofthetechnologymakingamistakewillbetoohigh.21．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takeoverfor”inParagraph3mean?A．directthewayfor B．taketheplaceofC．workbetterthan D．makeuseof22．CarsalreadyhavethefollowingfeaturesEXCEPT________.A．parkingitselfB．controllingitsspeedindangeroussituationsC．slowingitselfdownnearanobjectD．avoidingcaraccidentsonehundredpercent23．Scientistsandengineersthinkthat________.A．it’spossibletomakesafeself-drivencarsB．it’salongwayforself-drivencarsC．therewillbenodriversinthefutureD．self-drivencarsmaycausemoreaccidents24．Accordingtothearticle,________.A．allthepeoplelikethisnewideaB．noonelikesthisnewideaC．somepeopledon’tlikethisnewideaD．onlyanAmericanlawyerlikesthisnewidea25．Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A．Advantagesofself-drivencars.B．Differentopinionsonself-drivencars.C．Possibilitiesofself-drivencars.D．Google’snewtechnology—self-drivencars.【答案】21-25．BDACC【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了无人驾驶汽车及