2022中考阅读理解热点话题练 专题07 航空航天（解析版）

PAGE14PAGE132022中考阅读理解热点话题练专题07航空航天Passage1（2021·贵州毕节·中考真题）TianwenIisChina’sfirstMarsprobe（火星探测器）.Wheredoesthenamecomefrom?DoyoustillrememberQuYuan,afamouspoetinancientChina?Helovedhismotherlandverymuch.Hislongpoem“HeavenlyQuestions（天问）”expressesthecontinualhardworkandthegreatspiritoftheChinesenationtoscience.ThatiswhyTianwenIwasofficiallynamed,whichisquiteculturalandbeautiful.OnJuly14,2020.TianwenIarrivedattheWenchangSpaceLaunchSite（发射站）inHainanProvince.ThespaceprobeTianwenIbasedoff（发射升空）at12:41p.m.onJuly23,2020,carryingaLongMarch5carrierrocket（长征5号运载火箭）.IttookTianwenIaboutsevenmonthstotraveltoMars.TheChina’sMarsrover（火星车）,Zhurongmovedfromislandingplatform（平台）ontothesurfaceoftheRedPlanetat10:40a.m.onMay15th,2021,startingisexploration（探险旅程）aroundthelandingsite.The240-kilogramrobotwassentintotheskytosurveyMars’landforms,geographysituation,andsomethingaboutwater,ice,environmentandotherphysicalfields.BeforeTianwenI,nocountryhadevertriedtosendanorbiter（运行器）,alanderandaroverinonesingleexpedition（考察）toMars.1．WhichcountryisTianwenIMarsprobefrom?A．China. B．America. C．Canada. D．Japan.2．WhywasthefirstMarsprobeheregiventhename,TianwenI?A．BecauseofabookwrittenbyLiBai. B．BecauseofapoemwrittenbyQuYuan.C．Becauseofafamousscientist. D．Becauseofawell-knownengineer.3．WhenwasTianwenIsentintothespace?A．OnJune23,2020. B．OnJune24,2020C．OnJuly23,2020. D．OnJuly24,2020.4．HowlongdidittakeTianwenItotraveltoMars?A．About3months. B．About5months.C．About7months D．About9months.5．WhatdoestheMarsrover,ZhurongsurveyonMars?A．Landformsandgeographysituation.B．Somethingaboutwater,iceandenvironment.C．Otherphysicalfields. D．Alloftheabove.1．A2．B3．C4．C5．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是中国“天问一号”火星探测器的相关内容，介绍中国在空间技术发展上外空探索所取得的成就。1．细节理解题。根据“TianwenIisChina’sfirstMarsprobe（火星探测器）.”可知，天问一号是中国首个火星探测器，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“Wheredoesthenamecomefrom?DoyoustillrememberQuYuan,afamouspoetinancientChina?Helovedhismotherlandverymuch.Hislongpoem“HeavenlyQuestions（天问）”expressesthecontinualhardworkandthegreatspiritoftheChinesenationtoscience.”可知，“天问”这个名字来自屈原的长诗《天问》，故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“ThespaceprobeTianwenIbasedoff（发射升空）at12:41p.m.onJuly23,2020,carryingaLongMarch5carrierrocket（长征5号运载火箭）.”可知，2020年7月23日12时41分，航天探测器“天问一号”搭载长征五号运载火箭升空。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“IttookTianwenIaboutsevenmonthstotraveltoMars.”可知，天问一号花了7个月的时间到达火星。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据“The240-kilogramrobotwassentintotheskytosurveyMars’landforms,geographysituation,andsomethingaboutwater,ice,environmentandotherphysicalfields.”可知，它被用来调查火星的地形、地理状况，以及水、冰、环境和其他物理领域。故选D。Passage2（2021·湖北荆门·中考真题）OntheearlymorningofDecember17,theChang’e-5lunarprobe(月球探测器)landedsafelyonthegrasslandsinInnerMongolia,meaningtheChang’e-5mission(任务)endedsuccessfully.Chang’e-5waslaunchedfromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvinceonNovember24,2020.OnDecember1,theprobegottothemoon.Duringthestayonthemoon,itcollected1,731gramsofrockandsoilsamples(样品).OnDecember3,ournationalflagwasshownonthemoon.Afterthat,theprobewasreadytogohome.Chinaisnostrangertolunarexploration(探月)programs.Overtheyears,ithassentanumberofincreasinglychallengingmissionstothemoon.OneofthemostfamousmissionswasthehistoriclandingofChang’e-4spacecraftonthemoon’sfarsidein2019.AsChang’e-5reachedanewareaofthemoon,thislaunchsuccessfullypushedthelimits(极限)evenfurther.It’snodoubtagreatstepforwardforthespaceindustry.ThisisatrulyhistoriceventforChina’sspaceprogram,makingChinathethirdnationintheworldtobringsamplesbackfromthemoon.ThesuccesshasalsomadeChang’e-5thefirstspacecrafttobringbacksamplesfromthemoonsince1976whenaRussianspaceshipbroughtback170.1gramsofsamplestotheearth.Thiswasnoeasytask,butChinahasmadeit.6．HowlongdidthewholeChang’e-5missionlast?A．Abouthalfamonth. B．Around10days.C．Overamonth. D．Morethan20days.7．Theunderlinedword“launched”inparagraph2means________inChinese.A．回收 B．发射 C．发明 D．销毁8．Paragraph3mainlytalksabout________.A．theimportanceofspaceexplorationB．thedifficultyinlunarexplorationC．thefutureofChina’sspaceprogramD．theprogressinChina’smoonmissions9．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthepassage?A．CULTURE B．TRAVEL C．SCIENCE D．SPORT6．D7．B8．D9．C【分析】本文向我们介绍嫦娥五号月球探测器安全降落在内蒙古，这对中国的太空计划来说是一个真正的历史性事件，使中国成为世界上第三个从月球带回样本的国家。6．细节理解题。根据第一段“OntheearlymorningofDecember17,theChang’e-5lunarprobe(月球探测器)landedsafelyonthegrasslandsinInnerMongolia”和第二段“Chang’e-5waslaunchedfromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvinceonNovember24,2020.”可知，2020年11月24日，嫦娥五号在海南省文昌航天发射中心发射升空，在12月17日凌晨嫦娥五号月球探测器安全降落在内蒙古草原，共计历时24天，故选D。7．词义猜测题。分析“Chang’e-5waslaunchedfromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvinceonNovember24,2020.”可知，2020年11月24日，嫦娥五号在海南省文昌航天发射中心发射升空。所以launched的意思是“发射”，故选B。8．段落大意题。根据“Chinaisnostrangertolunarexploration(探月)programs.Overtheyears,ithassentanumberofincreasinglychallengingmissionstothemoon.”可知，中国对探月计划并不陌生，多年来中国向月球发射了一系列越来越具有挑战性的任务。选项D“中国登月计划的进展”符合大意，故选D。9．推理判断题。本文主要向我们介绍航空航天方面的情况，所以最有可能在科学版块看到这篇文章，故选C。Passage3（2021·广西贺州·中考真题）Haveyoueverheardofsatellites（卫星）?Whataretheyusedfor?Satellitesarehelpingtoforecast（预报）theweathernow.Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld.Thesatellitestakepicturesoftheatmosphere,wheretheweatherforms.Theysendthesepicturestotheweatherstations.Someteorologists（气象学家）canseetheweatherofanypartoftheworld.Fromthepictures,thescientistscanoftensayhowtheweatherwillchangesothatitcanworkbetterforpeople.Nowadays,moreandmorecountrieshaveweathersatellites.Nearlyfivehundredweatherstationsinsixtycountriesreceivesatellitepictures.Whentheyreceivethenewpictures,themeteorologistscomparethemwiththeearlierones.Perhapstheymayfindthecloudshavechangedduringthelastfewhours.Thismaymeanthattheweatheronthegroundmaysoonchange,too.Intheirnextweatherforecast,themeteorologistscansaytheweatherwillchangesoon.Sotheweathersatellitesareagreathelptothemeteorologists.Beforesatelliteswereinvented,themeteorologistscouldonlyforecasttheweatherforabout24or48hours.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastsforabouttwoweeks.Soontheymaybeabletoforecasttheweatherformorethantwoweeksormoreahead.Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,weathersatelliteswillworkbetterandbetterinpeople’slife.根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。10．Fromthesecondparagraphwecanknowsatellitestravel________.A．intheatmosphere B．inspace C．ontheground D．intheclouds11．Nowadays,meteorologistsforecasttheweather________.A．withoutstudyingsatellitepicturesB．beforereceivingsatellitepicturesC．whenreceivingsatellitepicturesD．aftercomparingthenewsatellitepictureswiththeearlierones12．Accordingtothepassage,maybemeteorologistswillsoonbeabletoforecasttheweatherfor________.A．about24or48hours B．aboutaweekC．lessthantwoweeks D．morethan14daysorevenlonger13．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Satellitescanreachanypartoftheworld.B．Satellitescantakepicturesoftheearth.C．Satellitesareusedforforecastingtheweather.D．Moreandmorecountrieshaveweathersatellites.10．B11．D12．D13．C【分析】本文主要讲述了现在利用气象卫星进行天气预报的方法，以及利用气象卫星进行天气预报的意义及应用前景。10．细节理解题。根据“Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld.”可知，卫星在太空中，故选B。11．细节理解题。根据“Whentheyreceivethenewpictures,themeteorologistscomparethemwiththeearlierones.”可知，当他们收到新的图片时，气象学家会将它们与之前的图片进行比较。故选D。12．细节理解题。根据“Soontheymaybeabletoforecasttheweatherformorethantwoweeksormoreahead.”可知，很快，他们就可以预测未来两周或更长时间的天气了。故选D。13．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了现在利用气象卫星进行天气预报的方法，以及利用气象卫星进行天气预报的意义及应用前景。选项C“卫星被用来预报天气”符合主题，故选C。Passage4（2021·江苏镇江·二模）Chinesespaceexplorationmadegreatachievementsin2020,withthemostimportanteventbeingtheChang’e5mission(任务).TheChang’e5wasChina’sfirstsample(样本)returnmission.Ittravelledinspacefor23daysandandbroughtback1.7kgoflunarrockandsoilsamplestoEarth.Thiswastheworld'sfirstlunarreturnmissionsince1976andmadeChinathethirdcountrytocompletealunarreturnmissionaftertheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion.Asthecountry’smostdifficultmissionyet,Change’s5markedamajorstepforwardforChina’sspaceexploration.Thelunarsampleshavebeensenttolaboratoriesforresearchthatwillimproveunderstandingofthestate,temperature,andmaterialcontentofthemoon.Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplayinthescienceandtechnologymuseumtoencouragescientificinterest.“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth,”aplanetaryscientistattheChinaUniversityofGeosciencesinWuhansaid.Chinaalsoviewsthemissionaspartofmankind’sexplorationofthemoonasawhole.TheChange’5landingareawasverydeliberatelychosen.TheMonsRumkerarea,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologically(地质学上)youngerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions.Scientistsbelievethenewsamplescouldhelpfillagap(空白)inunderstandingthemoon’svolcanic(火山的)activityandevolution(演变).Chinahaspromisedtoshareitssamplewithscientistsfromothercountries.Someforeignscientistshaveshowninterest.Lunarexplorationisnotforbusinesspurposes,butforthepurposeofinternationalscientificresearch.Mankindwillexplorethemoontogether,aslargeexplorationprojectswillrequireinternationalcooperation(合作)inthefuture.Chinawillplayaleadshiproleintheinternationalscientificcommunity.14．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6mean?A．easily B．carefully C．rapidly D．completely15．Thesamplesfromthemooncanbeusedinmanyways,except________.A．researchinthelaboratories B．sharewithscientistsfromothercountriesC．dobusinesswithforeigncountriesD．displayinscienceandtechnologymuseums16．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknowabouttheChang’e5mission?A．Itwastheworld’sfirstlunarreturnmission.B．Itmadeacontributiontomankind’sspaceexploration.C．Itwascompletedwiththehelpofsomeothercountries.D．ItslandingareawasnotasgoodastheUSA’sandSoviet’s.17．Whatcanbeinferred(推断)fromthepassage?A．Spaceexplorationisthemostimportantscientificfield.B．Wearesuretomakeachievementsifweworktogether.C．Thenewsamplescouldhelpscientistsunderstandtheearthbetter.D．Thesuccessfuleventmightencouragemorepeopletostudyscience.14．B15．C16．B17．D【分析】本文是新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥五号样本返回任务及其重要意义。14．词句猜测题。根据下文“TheMonsRumkerarea,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologicallyyoungerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions.Scientistsbelievethenewsamplescouldhelpfillagapinunderstandingthemoon’svolcanicactivityandevolution”，可知选择5号着陆区域是经过慎重论证的；carefully符合语境，故选B。15．细节理解题。根据3/4/7自然段“Thelunarsampleshavebeensenttolaboratoriesforresearch…Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplayinthescience…Chinahaspromisedtoshareitssamplewithscientistsfromothercountries”，结合“Lunarexplorationisnotforbusinesspurposes”，可知不会用于和外国做生意，故选C。16．推理判断题。根据第五段“Chinaalsoviewsthemissionaspartofmankind’sexplorationofthemoonasawhole”，可知嫦娥五号任务为人类的太空探索作出了贡献，故选B。17．推理判断题。根据第四段“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth”，可推知会鼓励更多的人学习并研究科学，故选D。Passage5（2021·安徽庐江·一模）OnDecember17th,2020,thereturncapsule(返回器)ofChina’sChang’e-5probe(探测器)safelytoucheddownonitslandingplace.Itbroughtbackthecountry’sfirstmoonrocksandsoilcollectedfromthemoon.Behindthesuccessofthemission(任务)wereateamofgreatscientists.Oneofthemwasa24-year-oldyounggirlnamedZhouChengyu.Now,Zhouhasbecometheyoungestwomancommander(指挥员)attheWenchangSpacecraftLaunchSiteinHainan.Zhou’sworkmatesoftencallher“BigSister”.Shehasnowtakenpartinfivespacemissions,Allofthemrequirethehighestlevelofspaceknowledgeandpersonalability.IntheChange-5mission,Zhousuccessfullycompletedhercommandingtask.Thiswasoneofthemostimportantrolesinthemission.PeoplehavespokenhighlyofZhou’sachievements,consideringherasarolemodelforteenagerstolookupto.However,theyoungcommanderhasshownnointerestinbeingfamous.Infact,Zhouhasturneddownmanyinterviews.Shefeelsthattheywillonlygetinthewayofherwork.Zhou’sstorypassesanencouragingmessage:Youngpeoplecangetgreatsuccessinscienceorspace.18．WhenwasZhouChengyuborn?A．In1994. B．In1996. C．In1998. D．In2000.19．WhatcanweknowfromParagraph3?A．ZhouChengyujoinedinfivemoonmissions.B．ZhouChengyuisarolemodelbyteenagers.C．Zhoucancontrolalltheconnectorprograms.D．ZhouwasthetopofallthescientistsintheChang’e-5mission.20．HowdoesZhouChengyuliketheinterviews?A．Theyinfluenceherwork.B．Theycanimproveherpersonalability.C．Theymakehergetfamous.D．TheyhelpspreadthesuccessoftheChang’e-5probe.21．What’sthewriter’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．ToexplainwhyZhouChengyuiscalled“BigSister”.B．TotellustheexperienceofZhouChengyu’ssuccess.C．Toshowyoungpeoplecangetgreatsuccessinscience.D．TointroducethelaunchoftheChang’e-5probe.18．B19．B20．A21．C【分析】本文是新闻报道，通过对周承钰事迹的报道，告诉人们年轻人可以在科学或太空领域取得巨大成功。18．细节理解题。根据“OnDecember17th,2020,thereturncapsuleofChina’sChang’e-5probesafelytoucheddownonitslandingplace…Oneofthemwasa24-year-oldyounggirlnamedZhouChengyu”，可知周承钰出生于1996年，故选B。19．细节理解题。根据“PeoplehavespokenhighlyofZhou’sachievements,consideringherasarolemodelforteenagerstolookupto”，可知她是青少年的榜样，故选B。20．细节理解题。根据第四段“Infact,Zhouhasturneddownmanyinterviews.Shefeelsthattheywillonlygetinthewayofherwork”，可知她认为采访影响了她的工作；getinthewayof和influence同义，故选A。21．主旨大意题。根据短文对周的介绍，结合最后“Zhou’sstorypassesanencouragingmessage:Youngpeoplecangetgreatsuccessinscienceorspace”，可知本文通过周承钰的故事告诉人们，年轻人可以在科学上取得巨大的成功，故选C。Passage6（2021·山东·禹城市教育和体育局二模）Chinesespaceexploration(探索)madegreatachievementsin2020,withthemostsignificanteventbeingtheChang’e5mission(任务),ChinaDailyreported.TheChang’e5wasChinasfirstsample(样本)returnmission.Ittraveledinspacefor23daysandbroughtback1.7kgoflunar(月球的)rockandsoilsamplestoEarth.Thiswastheworld’sfirstlunarreturnmissionsince1976andmadeChinathethirdcountrytocompletealunarreturnmissionaftertheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion.Thelunarsampleshavebeensenttolaboratoriesforresearchthatwillimproveunderstandingofthestate,temperature,andmaterialcontent(物质含量)ofthemoon.Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplaytoencouragescientificinterest.“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth,”XiaoLong,aplanetaryscientistsaid.Chinaalsoviewsthemissionaspartofmankind’sexplorationofthemoonasawhole.TheChang’e5landingsitewasverydeliberately(审慎地)chosen.TheMonsRumkersite,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologicallyyoungerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions.Scientistsbelievethenewsamplescouldhelptounderstandthemoon’svolcanic(火山的)activityandevolution(演变).Chinahaspromisedtoshareitssampleswithscientistsfromothercountries.Someforeignscientistshaveshowninterest.Lunarexplorationisforthebenefit(利益)ofinternationalscientificresearch.Mankindwillexplorethemoontogether,aslargeexplorationprojectswillrequireinternationalcooperationinthefuture.Chinawillplayaleadershiproleintheinternationalscientificcommunity,ChinaDailynoted.AccordingtoPresidentXi,themissionwasalsothelatestachievementbyChina’soverallsystem,whichischaracterizedbyitsabilitytomobilise(调动)allavailableresourcestodealwithdifficultiesandachieveitsgoals.Thiswillplayabigroleinfuturespacemissions.22．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninParagraph1?A．dangerous B．helpful C．important D．painful23．Whatdoweknowaboutthemission?A．Itwasdonesecretly.B．Themissionslandingsitehasneverbeensampledbefore.C．Itinvolvedcooperationwithothercountries.D．Itwasthefirstlunarreturnmissionever24．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．WhatChina’sfuturespacemissionswillbelike.B．China’sabilitytouniteothercountries.C．TheroleChinawillplayinfuturespaceexploration.D．ThedisadvantagesofChina’ssystem25．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．TheUnitedStateswillleadtheinternationalscientificcommunity.B．Wecaneasilymakeachievementsifweworktogether.C．Chang’e5missionmightencouragemorepeopletostudyscience.D．Spaceexplorationisthemostimportantscientificfield.26．Thispassagemaybefoundin/ona________.A．notebook B．guidebook C．newspaper D．storybook22．C23．B24．C25．C26．C【分析】本文是新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥五号探月任务，说明中国的太空探索取得了巨大成就。22．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Thiswastheworld’sfirstlunarreturnmissionsince1976andmadeChinathethirdcountrytocompletealunarreturnmissionaftertheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion”，可知嫦娥五号登月意义重大，important符合题意，故选C。23．推理判断题。根据第五段“TheMonsRumkersite,whichhadneverbeensampledbefore,isgeologicallyyoungerthanthesamplingareasoftheUSandSovietmissions”，结合下文科学家的看法，可知这次任务的着陆点以前从未进行过采样，故选B。24．主旨大意题。根据最后“Thiswillplayabigroleinfuturespacemissions”，可知中国在未来太空探索中将扮演重要角色，故选C。25．推理判断题。根据第三段“Someofthesampleswillbeputondisplaytoencouragescientificinterest”，结合科学家的看法“Thiswillgreatlyencouragepeople,especiallyyoungpeople,tostudyandexploretheworldsbeyondEarth”，可知嫦娥五号任务可能会鼓励更多的人学习科学，故选C。26．推理判断题。根据第一段“ChinaDailyreported”，可知是新闻报道，应该能在报纸上读到，故选C。Passage7（2021·广东·连州市教育局教研室二模）Chinaisplanningtocarryoutmorethan40rocketlaunches(火箭发射)in2021,thehighestevertotal,asitcontinuestoexpanditsambitionsinspace.TheplannedlaunchesincludethecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation,accordingtotheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation(CAST)’s(中国航天科技集团公司）officialWeChataccount.Before2007,Chinahadnevercarriedoutmorethan10launchesayear.Butsincethenithasrapidgrowth,carryingout152launchesoverthelastfiveyears—morethananyothercountry.“China’smannedspacestationprojectwillenteracriticalstage,andwillbethetoppriorityofthespaceprogrammethroughouttheyear,”CASTsaidinJanuary,2021.ItplanstolaunchthecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStationinspringandaimstocompletetheconstructionbytheendofnextyear.Astronautsarealreadyintrainingforthemission,andwillalsocarryoutretrievalmissionsandtestin-orbittechnologies,accordingtostatemedia.Thecountry’sfirstmissiontoMarsTianwen-1isalsoduetoreachtheRedPlanetinFebruary,andwillaimtolandaroveronthesurface.Thespaceprogrammewillalsocontinuetoworkonspacestationmodulesandprepareforacrewedlunarmission,aswellascontinuingtodeveloptheBeidounavigationsystem,arivaltotheUSGPS,foruseinthecivilianaviationindustry.27．AccordingtoCAST,theplannedlaunchesinclude________.A．theChina’sfirstspacestation B．152rocketsC．thecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation D．thecoremoduleofarocket28．Whatdoestheword“critical”inParagraph4meaninChinese?A．简单的 B．关键的 C．批评的 D．方便的29．Chinahascarriedout152launchesover________.A．thelasttwodecades B．thelastyear C．thelastmonthD．thelastfiveyears30．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．ItaimstocompletetheconstructionoftheTiangongSpaceStationbytheendof2021.B．Chinahascarriedoutmostlaunchesoverthelastfiveyears.C．Astronautsarealreadyintrainingforthemission.D．Tianwen-1isduetoreachMarsinFebruary.31．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．thetripofTianwen-1 B．thespaceprogrammeofChinaC．therocketlaunchesofChinaoverthelastyear D．thecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStation27．C28．B29．D30．A31．B【分析】本文主要介绍了中国的空间计划。27．细节理解题。根据“TheplannedlaunchesincludethecoremoduleofChina’sfirstspacestation”可知，计划中的发射包括中国第一个空间站的核心模块。故选C。28．词义猜测题。根据“China’smannedspacestationprojectwillenteracriticalstage,andwillbethetoppriorityofthespaceprogrammethroughouttheyear”可知，中国载人空间站项目将进入关键阶段，并将成为全年空间计划的重中之重，“critical”的意思是“关键的”。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据“carryingout152launchesoverthelastfiveyears—morethananyothercountry”可知，在过去五年中进行了152次发射。故选D。30．推理判断题。根据“ItplanstolaunchthecoremoduleoftheTiangongSpaceStationinspringandaimstocompletetheconstructionbytheendofnextyear.”可知，计划明年（2022年）年底完成天宫空间站的建设，A选项表述有误。故选A。31．主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国的空间计划。故选B。Passage8（2021·江苏·淮安市黄集九年制学校一模）OnFebruary18,NASA’sPerseverancerover（“毅力”号火星车）madeahistoriclandingonthesurfaceofMars.ThisisthefifthroverNASAhassenttoMarsanditisfulloffirsts.Itwillbethefirstrovertosearchforsignsofancientlife.Ahelicopter（直升机）willflyontheplanetforthefirsttimeaswell.Theroverisalsobetteratsolvingproblemsonitsownthanprevious（先前的）rovers.LandingaspacecraftonMarsisn’teasy.Ithadtogothroughthe“sevenminutesofterror”（惊险七分钟）,asNASAcallsthelandingprocess,allbyitself.Sinceittakes11minutesforaradiosignaltotravelfromEarthtoMars,NASAcouldn’tcontrolthecraftduringtheporcess.ThespacecrafthitthetopoftheMartianatmosphere（大气层）movingat12,000milesperhour（19,300kmperhour）andhadtoslowdownto1.7milesperhour（2.7kmperhour）withinsevenminutesbeforelanding.Drag（空气阻力）thatwasc