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2023年6月高校英语四级考试真题

PartHIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationismakingeffortstoensurethatallstudentshaveequalaccess

toaqualityeducation.Todayitis36thelaunchoftheExcellentEducatorsforAllInitiative.The

initiativewillhelpstatesandschocldistrictssupportgreateducatorsforthestudentswhoneed

themmost.

"Allchildrenare37toahigh-qualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome.

Ilis38importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupporttheyneedtohelpstudents

reachtheirfull39/*U.S.SecretaryofEducationArneDuncansaid."Despitetheexcellentwork

anddeep40ofournation'steachersandprincipals,studentsinhigh-poverty,high-minority

schoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossourcountry.Wehavetodobetter.Localleadersandeducators

will41theirowncreativesolutions,butwemustworktogetherto42ourfocusonhowtobetter

recruit,supportand43effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswho

needthemmost."

Today'sannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoaquality

education,a44ofPresidentObama'syearofaction.Latertoday,SecretaryDuncanwillleada

roundcablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthecountryaboutthe45of

workinginhigh-needschoolsandhowtoadoptpromisingpracticesforsupportinggreateducators

intheseschools.

A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesD.commitment

E.componentF.contestsGcriticallyH.develop

I.distributingJ.enhanceK.entitledL.potential

M.properlyN.qualifiedO.retain

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each

statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhich

theinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet

2.

TheChangesFacingFastFood

A)Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.Healthexpertsregularlycriticizethem

severelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald's,whose

logosymbolizescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.These

arethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.Theburger

businessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesin

responsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.

B)Fastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession-proof.Whenconsumersneedtocutspending,the

logicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmoreattractive.Such"trading

down^^provedtruefbrmuchofthelatestrecession,whenfast-foodcompaniespickedup

customerswhocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasualrestaurants.Trafficv/asboostedinAmerica,

thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$Imenusandcheapcombination

meals.

C)Asaresult,fast-foodchainshaveweathered(herecessionbenerthanihcirmoreexpensive

competitors.In2023salesatfull-servicerestaurantsinAmericafellbymorethan6%,buttotal

salesremainedaboutthesameatfast-foodchains.Insomemarkets,suchasJapan,Franceand

Britain,totalspendingonfastfoodincreased.Same-storesalesinAmericaatMcDonald's,the

world'slargestfast-foodcompany,didnotdeclinethroughoutthedownturn.PaneraBread,an

Americanfast-foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,performedwell,too,becauseitoffers

higher-qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants.

D)Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate.Many,suchasBurgerKing,have

seensalesfall.Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseat

athomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.DavidPalmer,ananalystatUBS,abank,sayssmaller

fast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarl'sJr.,havebeenhitparticularlyhard

inthisdownturnbecausetheyarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald's,whichincreased

spendingonadvertisingbymorethan7%lastyearasotherscutback.

E)Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbetter

value.Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtempted

customersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.Butinmany

casesthatstrategydidnotwork.LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees(特许经营人)sued(起诉)the

companyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairfbrthemtoberequired

tosellthesefbr$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavorofBurgerKing.

Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermore

expensiveonesbecauseitemsonits"valuemenu"nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,up

from12%lastOctober.

F)Analystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.Butthedownturnis

makingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.Manyarcnowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice

(弓I诱)consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!Brands,whichalsoownsTaco

BellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.AndinMayBurger

Kingintroducedbarbecue(烧烤)porkribsat$7foreight.

G)Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.

McDonald'sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"MeCafe"linenow

accountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'sBest

coffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.

H)Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"supersize'1to"morebuys",theyneedtokeepcustomer

traffichighthroughouttheday.Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,ardnotjustforfattyfood.

McDonald'swillstartsellingporridge(粥)inAmericanextyear.Breakfasthasthepotentialtobe

veryprofitable,saysSaraSenatorofBernstein,aresearchfirm,becausethemarginscanbehigh.

Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksand

wraps.Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthemenu,"wecanselltoconsumers

productstheywantallday,"saysRickCarlucci.,the.chieffinancialofficerofYum!Brands.

I)Butwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlines?Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoided

governmentregulation.Byprovidinghealthyoptions,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,they

haveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingsomethingabouthelpingtofightobesity(肥胖

症).Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletsto

groupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon'twanttoeataburger.Butcustomerscannotbe

forcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.

J)Inthefuture,simplyofferingahcalihyoptionmaynotbegoodenough."Everypackaged-food

andrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,1'saysMr.PalmerofUBS.

America'shealth-reformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20

ormoreoutletstopulthecalorie-contentofitemstheyserveonthemenu.AstudybytheNational

BureauofEconomicResearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie-posting

lawinNewYorkCityin2023,foundthattheaveragecalorie-countpertransactionfell6%and

revenueincreased3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunlinDonutsoutletwasnearby—asign,itis

said,thatmenu-labelingcouldfavorchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.

K)InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhaveto

continueinnovating(仓U新).WaltRikerofMcDonald'sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenu

meansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."Weprobablysellmorevegetables,

moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesays.Butthe

recentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'sfromincludingtoysinits

high-calorie“HappyMeals",becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,

suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo

46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecials

fbrchildren.

47.Fast-foodfinsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.

48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'sBestcoffeetoincreasesales.

49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotacklethe

obesityproblem.

50.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.

51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.

52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing'spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoften

provedineffective.

53.Fast-foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybysellingbreakfast.

54.Manyfast-foodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher-priced

items.

55.Ancwly-passcdlawasksbigfast-fbodchainstospecifythecaloriccountofwhattheyserve

onthemenu.

SectionC

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybe

wrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberof

melanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemost

aggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueor

greeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonif

youhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywith

long-termexposure.

Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidence

isweakerthanitisfbrpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2023Australianstudyof1,621

peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateof

melanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewith

melanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongside

otherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.This

studysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudy

reliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snot

entirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurity

inthesun.

Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly—applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapply

afteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesunloolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying—recent

researchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.

Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanrecucemelanomarates,as

shownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethis

summer,itwouldbebestfbrus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.

56.Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?

A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.

B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.

C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.

D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.

57.WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?

A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.

B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.

C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.

D.Itisineffectivefbrpeoplewithfairskin.

58.Whatdowelearnfromthe2023Australianstudyof1,621people?

A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.

BHigh-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.

C.Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.

D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.

59.WhatdocstheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?

A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.

B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.

C.Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.

D.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.

60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?

A.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.

B.Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.

C.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.

D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthanthe

less-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareinthe

workforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofa

deepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnological

advancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.The

consequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.

Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthan

everbefore.Over(henext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmost

double,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity

(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmany

observersthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksof

pensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.

Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,

thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamong

youngerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.Thedivideismost

extremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期诞生的美国人)are

puttingoffretirementwhilemanyle>s-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.

Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedto

encouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期寿命),combinedwiththe

replacementofgenerousdefamed-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contribution

ones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthe

changingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyfbrthehighlyeducated,and

thosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyare

moreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:

theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donot

necessarilydeclinewithage.

61.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?

A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.

B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.

C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.

D.Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.

62.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?

A.Longerlifeexpectancies.

B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.

C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.

D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.

63.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?

A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.

BGovernmentbudgetswillincrease.

C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.

D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.

64.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?

A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.

B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.

C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.

D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.

65.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?

A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.

B.Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.

C.Mostjobstobedonewillbethecreativeones.

D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto

English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的很多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥

有世界上发展最快的经济,并正经验着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探

究安排,其中包括到2023年建成一个太空站。目前,中国是世界最大的出口国之一,并正

在吸引大量外国投资。同时,它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2023年,中国超越日本成为世

界其次大经济体。

2023年6月高校英语四级考试真题答案与详解

PartHIReadingComprehension

美国教化部正在努力确保全部学生享有接受高质量教化的乎等权利:今口,它(33宣布起先

实施“为全部学生供应优秀教化工作者”的活动方案。这一方案将帮助各州和各学区为那些

有最迫切须要的学生供应优秀教化工锋者的支持.

“全部的孩子.不分种族、居住地及家庭收入,都应(37)有权利接受高质量的教化。为老师和

校长们供应那助学生发挥全部(39)暨为所需的支持是(38)至差重要的,”美国教化部部长阿

恩・邓肯说。“尽管我们国家的老师和校长们工作精彩且全情(40)经占全国各地那些极为

贫困及少数民族聚集的学校的学生仍旧受到不公正的对待:我们必需努力做到更好。地方官

员和教化工作者都将(41)及应他们自己的创建性解决方案,但是我们必需共同努力,(42)盘

型我们对于如何更好地为全部学生招募、支持和(43)矍隹优秀老师和校长的关注,特殊是那

些最须要他们的孩子们。”

今日的公告是改善获得高质量教化权利的又一重要步骤,是奥巴马总统行动年的一个(44)组

成部分。今日晚些时候,邓肯部长将带领召开与来自全国各地的校长和学校老师绽开的圆桌

会议,探讨有关在高需求的学校工作面临的(45)里避以及如何实行有前途的举措以支持在这

些学校的教化工作者:

名词;©challenges挑战;D)commitmcnt投入,承诺;E)componcnt组成部分,部件;F)contcsts

竞赛;L)potential潜力,可能性

动词:A)announcing宣布,宣称;H)deveAp形成,发展;I)distributing分发,散布;J)enhance

增加,提高;K)emilled使(某人)有权利;O)reiain留用

形容词:B)beneficial有利的,有益的;N)qualified胜任的,合格的

副词:G)crilically很大程度上,极为重要地;M)properly合理地,正确地

36.A)announcingo动词辨析题。句首出现时间状语today,空格位于系动词is和名词短语

thelaunchof…之间,因此空格处须要填人动词的现在分词形式,构成现在进行时。前一句

提到,美国教化部正在努力确保全部学生享有接受高质量教化的同等权利。因此,空格处须

要填人一个能够与名词launch构成动宾搭配的动词,表示“宣布起先实施一项方案或活动

由此确定announcing为本题答案,意思是"宣布二备选词中,distribuling意思是"分发,

散布”,与此处文意不符,且无法与launch构成动宾搭配,故解除。

37.K)entitledo动词辨析题。空格前面是系动词are,后面是介词to及其宾语,因此空格

处须要填入形容词作表语或者动词的被动语态,并与介词to搭配。上文提到,美国教化部

今日宣布起先实施为全部学生供应优秀教化工作者的活动方案,本句说明了实施此方案的缘

由,即全部孩子都应有权利接受高质量的教化。因此,空格处须要填人一个表示“有权利”

或“有资格”的形容词,且能够与介词10搭配,备选形容词中只有eniiiled同时符合这两项

要求,由此确定其为本题答案。beentitledto意思是“有……资格”。备选词中,beneficial

意思是“有利的,有益的”,与此处文意不符,解除;qualified意思是“有资格的”,但不能

与介词lo

搭配运用,因此也可以解除。

38.G)criticaIlyo副词辨析题。空格前面是系动词is,后面是形容词important,因此空格处

须要填入一个副词,用来修饰形容词importanto上句提到,全部的孩子,不分种族、居住

地及家庭收入,都应有权利接受高质量的教化,本句承接上句,表明为老师和校长们供应帮

助学生发挥全部潜力所需支持的重要性。因此,空格处须要填入一个表示“特别,相当,很”

的副词,与important表达“至关重要”的意义,由此确定副词critically为本题答案,意思

是“很大程度上,极为重要地”。备选词中,properly意思是“合理地,正确地”,与此处文

意不符,因此可以解除。

39.L)potentialo名词辨析题。空格前面为形容词性物主代词their及形容词hill,因此空格

处须要填人一个名词。本句提到要为老师和校长们供应支持,而这些支持是为了帮助学生发

挥其全部潜力。因此,空格处须要填入•个能与动词reach相搭配的名词,且表达“潜力,

实力”的意义,由此确定名词potential为本题答案,意思是“潜力”。备选词中,challenges

意思是“挑战”,commitment意思是“投入,承诺”,component意思是“组成部分,部件”,

contests意思是“竞赛”,均与此处文意不符,且不能与动词reach搭配,可以解除。

40.D)comniitmento名词辨析题。空格前面为形容词deep,后面为介词of,因此空格处须

要填人名词。依据连词and可以推断,该名词与and前面的excellentwork在意义上应当是并

列的,且依据上下文,此处要表达的意义是老师和校长们工作精彩且努力。因此,空格处的

名词表达的是“努力”或“投入”的意思,且为不行数的抽象名词,备选词中只有commitment

一词符合要求,由此确定其为本题答案。备选词中的challenges和contests均为可数名词复

数形式,可以解除:component意思是“组成部分,部件“,与此处文意不符,且不能用deep

进行修饰,可以解除;potential已经用过,干脆解除。

41.H)developo动词辨析题。空格前面为助动词will,后面为名词短语theirowncreative

Solutions,因此空格处须要填入动词原形,与will构成一般将来时态,并与名词Solutions

构成动宾短语。Solutions意思是“解决方案”,因此填入的动词应当表达“想出,找到”或

“探讨出,制定出”的意义。由此可以确定,动词develop为本题答案,意思是“形成”。

备选词中,enhance意思是“增加,提高",retain意思是“留用",均不能与Solutions搭配,

且与此处文意不符,因此可以解除。

42.J)enhance»动词辨析题。空格前面是动词短语worklogelhei■及动词不定式符号lo,后

面是名词短语ourfocus,因此空格处须要填入动词原形,且与Ourfocus构成动宾搭配。依

据上下文,教化部长认为我们必需共同努力增加对于某些问题的关注。因此,空格处填人的

动词应当表达“增加,增加”的意义,由此可以确定,动词enhance为本题答案,意思是“增

加,提高”。备选词中,develop已经用过,干脆解除;retain意思是“留用”,与此处文意不

符,也可以解除。

43.O)retaino动词辨析题。依据and前面的两个动词recruit和support及其形式可以推断,

空格处须要填入的是动词原形,且与recruit和support构成并列关系,recruil意思是“招募”,

support意思是“支持,配备”,宾语都是空格后的effectiveteachersandprincipals,由此可以

确定,动词retain为本题答案。

44.E)componento名词辨析题。空格前面是不定冠词a,后面是介词of,因此空格处须要

填入可数名词的单数形式。前面讲到,今日的公告是改善获得高质量教化权利的又一重要步

骤,而介词of后面又提到了奥巴马总统行动年,因此可以推断今日的公告内容是奥巴马总

统行动年的行动内容之一,空格处应填入表示“内容,组成部分”的名词。由此可以确定名

词component为本题答案,意思是“组成部分二备选词中,commitment和potential已经用

过,干脆解除;challenges和contests均为可数名词的复数形式,也可以解除。

45.C)challengeSo名词辨析题。空格前面是定冠词ihe,后面是介词of,因此空格处应填入名

词形式。本句介绍的是邓肯部长将带领召开与来自全国各地的校长和学校老师绽开的圆桌会

议内容,依据上下文,在高需求的学校工作必将面临更多的挑战或困难,因此,空格处填入

的名词可能表达“困难,问题”或“挑战”的意义,由此可以推断,名词challenges为本题

答案,意思是"挑战"。备选词中,commitment,potential和component均用过,干脆解除;

contests意思是“竞赛”,与此处文意不符,也可以解除。

SectionB

快餐业面临的变更

A)快餐业不得不成为一个厚着脸皮生存的群体。健康专家因其向人们兜售令人肥胖的食品

而不断对其进行猛烈抨击。评论家们甚至埋怨说商标代表超高热量的麦当劳不应当获准赞助

世界杯。(47)这些是快餐业已经学会去处理的一些事情。但是,可能撑不了多久。当汉堡企

业打算实行策略来对•全球经济的变更做出回应时,还面临着来自监管部门更多的压力。

B)快餐曾经被认为可以反抗经济衰退。B0)逻辑上,当消费者要削减开支时,巨无霸和皇堡

等便宜的食物会变得更有吸引力。在最近的经济衰退中,当快餐商家留住了那些在休闲餐馆

也付不起钱的消费者时,这样的“降级消费”得以证明。在美国,这个快餐的发源地,伴随

着快餐业的打折活动以及促销活动,例如推出1美元菜单和便宜的什锦饭,快餐店客流也变

得兴盛起来。

C)结果,快餐连锁企业比那些贵一点的同行们更好地度过了这次经济危机。在2023年美国

供应全方位服务的餐馆的营业额与以前同期相比有超过6%的降幅,但是快餐连锁企业的营

业额却依旧保持不变。其他国家的市场,如日本、法国和英国,在快餐上的整体消费呈增长

态势。在美国同行业的营业额中,世界上最大的快冬企业麦当劳在没有下滑的状况下度过了

经济衰退期。以其簇新原料著名的美国快餐连锁店帕尼罗面包同样表现良好,因为它以比饭

店低廉的价格供应了更高质量的食品。

D)但并非全部的快餐企业都如此幸运。诸如汉堡王等很多企业的营业额就有所下滑。(51)

在经济衰退的严峻时期,尽管一些人降级消费转向快餐,但很多人为了省钱而更频繁地在家

里吃饭。瑞士联合侬行的分析师大卫•帕尔曼表示,在美国,一些小型的快餐连锁店,如玩

偶匣和卡乐星,在这次经济衰退中受到了特殊严峻的冲击,因为它们要与麦当劳这样的全球

性快餐巨头进行竞争。去年,在其他企业都削减广告投入的状况下,麦当劳在广告宣扬士的

投入却增加了7%多。

E)一些快餐企业还不惜牺牲自己的利泗试图给顾客们更好的实惠。(52)在经济衰退期间,很

多商家实行低价策略,他们期望一旦吸引顾客进门,就能够劝告他们购买稍贵的产品。但在

多数状况下,这种策略并不奏效。去年,汉堡王的特许经销商就因为双层奶酪汉堡的促销活

动而起诉该公司,声称以1美元出售这些成本价为1.10美元的产品对他们来说是不公允的。

五月份法官裁决表示支持汉堡王。尽管如此,这家公司可能还是要咒骂其做出的促销便宜菜

品而不是更高价菜品的确定,因为这些“实惠菜单”上的菜品在销售总额中所占的比例从去

年10月的12%上升到了现在的20%。

FX54)分析人士对今年快餐业的适度增长有所期盼。但是衰退的形势促使商家重新考虑他们

的策略。现在很多商家推出一些价格稍高的商品试图将消费者从I美元的特价商品中吸引回

叁拥有塔可钟和必胜客的百胜餐饮集团的旗下品牌肯德基已经推出了一款售价约5美元的

鸡肉三明治。五月份汉堡王推出了7美元八个的烤猪排。

G)很多快餐企业也试图让消费者购买包括饮料在内的更多新产品。麦当劳越先销售更优质

的咖啡作为对星巴克的挑战。它的“麦克咖啡”系列在美国本土的销售量约占6%。(48)至

巴克已经将它的西雅图最好咖啡的品牌版权出售给了汉堡王,该咖啡塔在今年晚些时候起先

销售。

H)因为销售策略从“大尺寸”向“更多买家”转变,快餐商家须要维持一天的高客流量。(53)

很多商家看到了早餐市场的巨大商机,而不是仅仅出售高脂肪的食物。麦当劳明年将在美国

销售粥类食物。伯恩斯坦调查公司的分析师莎拉•塞纳托尔表示,早餐市场具有很好的赚钱

潜力,因为其利润相当高。快餐商家也在增加中午和夜晚小吃的种类,例如混合型饮料及包

装食品。其想法是,通过在菜单上涵盖更广的范围,“我们可以卖给消费者他们一成天都须

要的食物,”百胜集团首席财务官瑞克•卡如茨说道。

I)但是那些越长越粗的腰围怎么办呢?到目前为止,快番企业已经聪慧地避开了政府的监管。

(49)通过供应一些健康的选择,像沙拉和低热量的三明治,这些企业至少给人们留下了实行

行动帮助对抗肥胖的印象。供应的这些东西未必是亏本特卖品,因为它们增加了廉价食品店

对食客群体,包括不想吃汉堡的人们的吸引力。但是消费者不能被强制点沙拉来代替薯条。

J)在将来,简洁供应一些健康的可供选择的食品可能是不够的。“每一个我所了解的包装食

品和餐馆企业现在都在关切法律规定,"瑞4艮集团的帕尔曼先生表示。(55)今年美国国会通

过的健康改革法案要求拥有20家及以上连锁店的餐馆将它们所供应的食品卡路里含量印制

在菜单上。一项由美国国家经济探讨局开展的对2023年在纽约推出的相像热量张贴法案对

星巴克的影响跟踪调查发觉,在旁边有唐恩都乐连锁店的状况下,星巴克每次交易中的平均

热量值削减了6%,而收益增长了3%——也就是说,这些菜单标签有助于这些连锁企业供

应更健康的菜品。

K)为了避开与美国和其他地方的法规起冲突,快餐企业将不得不接着创新。麦当劳的沃

特•瑞克宣称其公司已经对菜单进行了改良,这意味着麦当劳与几年前相比会供应更多健康

的食品。“与世界上的其他餐饮企业相比,我们可能会销售更多的蔬菜、更多的牛奶、更多

的沙拉以及更多的苹果,”他说道。(46)但是加利福尼亚州的一个小镇最近提出一项议案,

即禁止爰当劳在其高热量的“欢乐套餐”中附赠玩具,因为立法者们认为这会引诱孩子们去

吃不健康的食物,这表明还有更多事情等着快餐企业去做。

46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecials

forchildren.

1・译文

有些人提议立法来禁止麦当劳将玩具附赠到为孩子供应的特价食品上。

・定①

由题干中的proposelaws和toys定位到文章K)段画线处。

K)InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhaveto

continueinnovating(创新).WaltRikerofMcDonald'sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenu

meansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."Weprobablysellmorevegetables,

moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesays.Butthe

recentproposalbyacountyinCalifornialobanMcDonald'sfromincludingtoysinits

high-calorie"HappyMeals\becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,

suggests(hereisalolmorelehlodo.

,详解该段说明在快餐业进行创新和改良的大环境下,麦当劳也对其食品进行了改良,提供了更多健康

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