2025年译林版九年级英语寒假复习 专题03 考点拓展3、定语从句、写作指导（生活中影响最大的人）

专题03考点拓展3&定语从句&写作指导（生活中影响最大的人）目录TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一．词汇拓展 1二．考点拓展 1三．语法考点 4四．写作考点 9五．阅读拓展 11一．词汇拓展1.musicaladj.音乐的→________n．音乐；乐曲→________n．音乐家2．traditionn．传统→________adj.传统的3．lastvi.持续→________adj.持久的4．encouragevt.鼓励；劝告→________n．鼓励5．comevi.来，来到→________过去式→________过去分词→________adj.即将来临的6．directadj.直达的，直接的vt.导演；指导→________n．方向→________n．导演7．wealthn．财富→________adj.富有的→________(同义词)adj.丰富的；富有的8．sillyadj.傻的；愚蠢的→________(同义词)adj.愚蠢的二．考点拓展考点1common的用法Sincehehadnomusicalinstrumentsthen，hemademusicwithcommonobjectslikestonesandpaper.因为当时没有任何乐器，他就用一些普通的东西，如石头、纸张，来创作音乐。1.Tommyissocarelessthatheoftenmakessucha（常见的）spellingmistake.2.Inthefifteenthcenturythe（notspecial）peoplecouldneitherreadnorwrite.3.JimandIhavenothing（毫无共同之处）.考点2.value的用法hasalastingvalue有持久的价值1.MrLiwasabletoprovidethepolicewithsome（value）information.2.Ithinkhissuggestionis（value）.You’dbetternottakeit.考点3.beknown/famousfor因……而著名Asacomposer，perhapsheisbestknownforwinninganOscarforhismusicinthefilmCrouchingTiger，HiddenDragon.作为一位作曲家，也许他最著名的是为电影《卧虎藏龙》作曲而获得奥斯卡奖。to，as，forThetownIgrewupinisknown①itsbeautifulparksandrecreationalareas.It’sknown②afamily－friendlyplacewherepeoplecanenjoyoutdooractivitiesallyearround.Mygrandfather，whohaslivedtherefordecades，isknown③everyoneinthecommunityforhisvolunteerwork

andkindnature.考点4.record的用法recordedfirstandsentoutlater首先录制，然后播出record作动词，意为“录制，录（像），录（音）；记录，记载”，作名词意为“记录，纪录，唱片”。1.Hisdiary（记录）allthehappeningsinhistraining.2.He（打破纪录）thelongjump.考点5.silly的用法Ithinkmostofthemaresilly.我认为它们大多数都很愚蠢。易混词汇意义及用法silly意为“傻”，多指头脑简单、不懂事，傻头傻脑的foolish意为“愚蠢”，着重指无头脑、缺乏常识、智慧或判断力stupid意为“笨”，着重指生性或反应迟钝，智力差1.Itis（fool）ofthelittledogtochallengethestrongwolf.2.Thedonkey（驴）madethestupid）mistakeinitslifetime.考点6.anumberof一些Thereareanumberofinterviewswithfamousplayers.节目中有许多著名的运动员的访谈。易混短语意义及用法a

number

of意为“一些，若干”，后接名词复数，相当于many或a

lot

of。number前可用great/large/small/good等词修饰，但不可用little修饰，作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式the

number

of意为“……的数量”，后接名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式1.Anumberofvisitors（be）visitingWestLakeandthenumberofthevisitorsbe）increasing.三．语法考点定语从句一．关系代词的用法在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词有两种:关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as和关系副词when,where,why.关系代词3个作用：1）连接作用2）替代作用3）在从句中充当成分：作主语/宾语/表语/定语。如下图所示：先行词+关系词+定语从句↓↓↓Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.一．判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：1.找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）。2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分。3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。二．关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代在从句中的成分that人/物主语/宾语/表语which物主语/宾语/表语who人主语/宾语/表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语三．易混的关系代词辨析：（一）that和which1.用that，不用which的情况①当先行词为不定代词：everything,anything,nothing,all,any,much,many,some,few,little,none等或当先行词被no,some,any,all,much,little等词修饰时，只能用that。Togetthejobstarted,allthatIneedisyourpermission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。

IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么要我做的事吗?

Heansweredfewquestionsthatwereaskedbythereporters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。②当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等词修饰时。That’stheonlythingthatwecandonowThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.这正是我找的钢笔。③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。Thiswasoneofthemostinterestingbooksthatweresoldinthisbookstore.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。

Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。I’mgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeoplethatIhavevisited.我要谈论一下我访问的国家和人民。⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。

WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?那件体恤衫最适合我？2.用which，不用that的情况①在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是有趣的运动。②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.=Thisistheroom(that/which)myfatherlivedinlastyear.这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。四．关系代词易错点：1.关系代词的省略关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。Hangzhouisabeautifulcity(that/which)Ialwayswanttovisit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。Hangzhou,whichIvisitedlastweek,isabeautifulcity.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。2.从句中代词的重复多余定语从句中的引导词指代先行词,从句中不能再出现指代该先行词的代词。ThebookthatIreadityesterdayisveryinteresting.（×）ThebookthatIreadyesterdayisveryinteresting.（√）我昨天读的那本书很有趣。3.what不引导定语从句定语从句中有关系代词that和which而没有what，what可以引导名词性从句。Allthatweneedisasupplyofoil.(that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)Whatweneedisasupplyofoil.(what引导主语从句)我们需要的是石油供应。4.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开）在非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。如果指代“人”，用who/whom，指代“物”，用which。Thebasketballstar,whotriedtomakeacomeback,attractedlotsofattention.这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注。Hehasbecomeadoctor,whichhewantedtobe.他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。5.whose+n.=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.名词之前必须有the。Iliveintheroomwhosewindow/thewindowofwhich/ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。6.定语从句中的主谓一致:关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。注意：当先行词为“oneof+复数名词”

时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；当先行词为“the(only/very)oneof+复数名词”

时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Heisagoodstudentwholikestohelpothers.他是一个乐于助人的好学生。Theyaregoodstudentswholiketohelpothers.他们是乐于助人的好学生。Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraised.他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。Heistheone/theonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraised.他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。7.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.用正确的关系代词填空1.Shenevergivesintothose________havemoney.2.Thisisthebestfilm________hasbeenshownsofarinthecity.3.Februaryistheonlymonth________hasfewerthan30days.4.Mysonmadenotesofeverything________heread.5.Willyoushowmethegirl________nameisWeiFang?6.Pleasepassmethebook_____islyingonthetable.7.Mygrandparentslikestories________endingsarehappy.8.YuanLongpingisaChinesericescientist_____isleadingasearchtodevelop“searice”.9.Theteacher_______Ilikebestoftenencouragesmetofightformydream.10.Children______dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.二．关系副词的用法一．关系副词的基本用法关系副词在从句中的作用例句When(=at/in/on+which)时间状语Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwemovedintoournewhouse.（先行词theday还原到从句中为:wemovedintoournewhouseontheday,作时间状语，用when或onwhich）我永远不会忘记我们搬入新房子的那一天。Where（=at/in/on+which）地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.（先行词thehouse还原到从句中为:Ilivedinthehousetwoyearsago,作地点状语，用where或inwhich）这就是我两年前居住的房子。Why(=forwhich)原因状语Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.（先行词thereason还原到从句中为:peopleliketravelingforthereasons,作原因状语，用why或forwhich）人们喜欢旅游有很多原因。二．关系副词和关系代词的正确使用先行词在定语从句中充当状语，则用关系副词；主宾表，则用关系代词I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIworkedwithyouonthefarm.(先行词theday还原到从句中为:

Iworkedwithyouonthefarmontheday,作时间状语，用when或onwhich)我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天。Heworksinthefactorywherethesebikesaremade.(先行词thefactory还原到从句中为:thesebikesaremadeinthefactory,作地点状语,用where或inwhich)他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。Thisisthereason(that/which)heexplainedtous.(先行词thereason还原到从句中为:heexplainedthereasontous,作explained的宾语，用that/which)这就是他对我们解释的理由。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.(先行词thereason还原到从句中为:hewassoangryforthereason,作原因状语，

用why或forwhich)我不知道他如此生气的原因。5.”介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句A.若先行词指人，关系代词whom；若先行词指物，关系代词用which。I’llneverforgetthedayonwhich（=when）firstmetLucy.我永远不会忘记初次见露西的那一天。Thisisthetowninwhich（=where）Shakespearewasborn.这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。I’dlikeyoutoexplainthereasonforwhich（=why）youwereabsent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。B.关系代词前介词的选择。将先行词还原到定语从句中，即可确定介词。（1）Ican’tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(attheage）（2）Thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.他们正在寻找的文件已经找到了。（searchfor）（3）Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的气体叫作氧气，没有了它我们无法生存。C.介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebookwhich/thatyouaskedfor.这是你要的那本书。注意一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词＋关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开，如lookfor,lookafter,callon,carefor,hearof,takecareof等。我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。【正】Myyoungestsister,whomhavetolookafter,isverylovely.【误】Myyoungestsister,afterwhomhavetolook,isverylovely.用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空1.Istillremembertheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.2.Thisistheroom______mygrandparentslivedlastyear.

3.Doyouknowthereason______herefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.4.Thisisthehospital______mymotherworks.

5.Thatisthereason______Ididthejob.6.______weknow,thisistheday______thequakehappenedthirty-fiveyearsago.7.Heworksinafactory______makesthistypeofiPhone.8.Thisisthehospital______wevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.9.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.10.Theway_____ourchemistryteacherdidtheexperimentwasveryinteresting.四．写作考点 生活就是一段漫长的旅程，有许许多多的人在影响着我们，让我们不断地学习、成长与前进。请以Thepersonwhohasinfluencedmemost为题，写一篇不少于100词的英语短文来介绍他或她。【谋篇布局】 在写这篇文章时，你可以围绕下面这五个问题来构思： 1.Whohasinfluencedyoumostinyourlife? 2.Whatdoeshe/shelooklike? 3.Whatisspecialabouthim/her? 4.Whathashe/shedone?Giveoneortwoexamples. 5.Whatdoyouthinkofhim/her?【佳作共赏】Thepersonwhohasinfluencedmemost 在成长过程中，你一定遇到过自己敬佩的人，比如家人、朋友、老师、同学等。请根据以下的要点提示，以“ThepersonIadmiremost”为题，用英语写一篇短文谈一谈你最敬佩的人。要点提示：你最敬佩的人是谁?你敬佩他/她的原因是什么?你从他/她身上学到了什么?要求：1.要点齐全，可适当发挥；2.词数80左右。参考范文：ThepersonIadmiremost五．阅读拓展一DuringtheTangDynasty,therelivedamannamedZhaoGu.Hewassogoodatwriting1thatmanypeopleenjoyedreadingthem.Oneday,peoplewho2Zhao’spoemsgottogether.TheytalkedaboutZhao’soldworkshappily.ButitwassuchapitythatZhaodidn’twrite3poemsveryoften.SotheydiscussedhowtheycouldgetZhaotowrite.Afterawhile,amansaid,“ZhaowilltraveltoYuhanginZhejiangprovince.Hewill4visitLingyanTemplebecauseitisveryfamous.”Hecontinued,“Let’sdosomethingbeforehe5.”Finallytheycameupwithagood6.Therewasawallinthetempleforpeopletowrite.Sotheyinvitedamantowriteonlytwolinesofpoemsonthewall.Afterseveraldays,ZhaowenttoLingyanTemple.Whenhesawthetwolinesofpoemonthetemplewall,hecouldnothelpaddinganothertwolinestomakeita7poemwithfourlines.WhenZhao’sfans8it,theywereexcited.Themanwasnotas9asZhao,butthetwolinesledtoZhao’swonderfulpoem.Thiscouldbedescribedas“throwingabricktoattractjade（拋砖引玉）”.Nowpeopleoftenexpressinthiswaywhentheygiveanopinionoraspeech.Itisapoliteandmodest（谦逊的）waytoshowtheirhopeinseeingothersoffersomething10.Haveyoulearntit?1．A．letters B．stories C．articles D．poems2．A．doubted B．burned C．liked D．wrote3．A．great B．new C．funny D．useful4．A．surely B．correctly C．suddenly D．hardly5．A．writes B．finishes C．sleeps D．arrives6．A．survey B．idea C．sign D．present7．A．strange B．simple C．complete D．modern8．A．heardabout B．waitedfor C．lookedafter D．worriedabout9．A．beautiful B．polite C．talented D．serious10．A．bigger B．better C．worse D．smaller二Youmaythinkgymnasticsisonlyforplayersintheirteensandtwenties.ButOksanaChusovitinahasbrokentheunwrittenruleofthesport.The48-year-oldwomanmadeherreturntothe2023HangzhouAsianGames.ThisisherfifthtimetotakepartintheAsianGames.AlsosheistheonlywomanwhohascompetedineightOlympics.ChusovitinawasborninUzbekistanin1975.Attheageof17,sheattendedherfirstOlympicsinBarcelona,Spain.Shewonagoldmedalintheteamevent.In1999,shegavebirthtoherfirstson,Alisher.ShethoughttheSydney2000Gamesweremeanttobethelastoneforher.Butitwasnottobe.In2002,thefamilymovedtoGermany.In2003,shereturnedtointernationalcompetitionstoraisemoneyforherson.Luckily,bothhecomebackandherson’streatmentweresuccessful.AfterfinishingadisappointingfifthattheLondon2012Games,Chusovitinatoldeverybodythatshedecidedtostophercareer.Butgymnasticswasinherblood(血).“Atnight,ItoldeveryoneIhaddecidedtostopmycareer.Thenextmorning,Iwokeupandchangedmymind,”shesaid.AttheTokyo2020Games,Chusovitinafailedtoreachthefinalevent.Thoughshesaidonceagainthatshewouldstophercareer,shedecidedtoreturnverysoon.Thisyear,herreturntotheHangzhouAsianGamesaddedanothertouchofcolourtohercareer.Althoughshemissedamedal,shesaidshewouldcontinuetotrainandcompetefortheOlympicsinParis.“Ilovegymnastics,anditbringsmegreatjoy.I’mjustdoingwhatIlove.”Chusovitinasaid,“Icanleaveatanytime.ButImustdowhatIcantoday,soIwon’tregretittomorrow.”1．FromParagraph1,wecanknowthat________.A．sportsrulesonlyallowyoungplayerstotakepartinsportscompetitionB．Chusovitinawonagoldmedalinthe2023HangzhouAsianGamesC．takingpartineightOlympicsseldomhappenstoaplayerD．shetookpartintheeighthOlympicsinherfifties.2．InwhatorderdidthefollowingthingstakeplaceinChusovitina’slife?

a.Chusovitinacouldn’tjoininthefinaleventattheTokyoGames.b.Chusovitinawonherfirstgoldmedalasateammember.c.Chusovitinabecameamotherofason.d.Chusovitinareturnedtocompetitionstoraisemoneyforhersickson.e.ChusovitinatookpartintheAsianGamesforthefifthtime.A．b-c-d-a-e B．b-c-d-e-a C．c-b-d-e-a D．c-b-d-a-e3．Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“Butgymnasticswasinherblood(血).”inParagraph3?A．Butallherfamilymembersweregoodatgymnastics.B．Butshegothurtoftenduringhertrainingforgymnastics.C．Butshewastheonlygeniusingymnastics.D．Butherdeeploveforgymnasticspushedherforward.4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeChusovitina?A．Strong-mindedandhard-working. B．Activeandwise.C．Creativeandresponsible. D．Strictandhumorous.三Onenight,fourcollegestudentsstayedoutlatepartying.Theyhadsomuchfun____1____theyforgottherewouldbeanimportanttestthenextday.Inthemorning,theygotuplateandsuddenlyrememberedtheyhadtotakethetest.Theythoughtofaplantoavoid____2____(take)theexam.Theycovered____3____(they)withdirtandwenttotheirteacheroffice.Theytoldhimthat____4____theirwaytoschool,theircargotaflattyre(瘪胎)andpushingthecarallthewaybacktoschoolwastheonly____5____(choose)theyhad.Theteacherlistenedtothestory____6____soundedquiteacceptable.Hepromisedhewouldgivethemachance____7____(have)anothertestthreedayslater.Thefourstudentsthankedhimandleft.Finally,____8____daycame.Theteacheraskedthestudentstosit____9____(separate)indifferentroomsforthetest.Theywerefinewithitbecausetheyallstudiedhard.Thentheygotthetestpaper.They_____10_____(surprise)bythequestionsbelow.1.What’syourname?2.Whichtyreofthecarburst(爆裂)?

专题03考点拓展3&定语从句&写作指导（生活中影响最大的人）目录TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一．词汇拓展 1二．考点拓展 1三．语法考点 4四．写作考点 9五．阅读拓展 11一．词汇拓展1.musicaladj.音乐的→________n．音乐；乐曲→________n．音乐家2．traditionn．传统→________adj.传统的3．lastvi.持续→________adj.持久的4．encouragevt.鼓励；劝告→________n．鼓励5．comevi.来，来到→________过去式→________过去分词→________adj.即将来临的6．directadj.直达的，直接的vt.导演；指导→________n．方向→________n．导演7．wealthn．财富→________adj.富有的→________(同义词)adj.丰富的；富有的8．sillyadj.傻的；愚蠢的→________(同义词)adj.愚蠢的1．musicmusician2.traditional3.lasting4．encouragement5.camecomecoming6．directiondirector7.wealthyrich8.stupid二．考点拓展考点1common的用法Sincehehadnomusicalinstrumentsthen，hemademusicwithcommonobjectslikestonesandpaper.因为当时没有任何乐器，他就用一些普通的东西，如石头、纸张，来创作音乐。1.Tommyissocarelessthatheoftenmakessucha（常见的）spellingmistake.2.Inthefifteenthcenturythe（notspecial）peoplecouldneitherreadnorwrite.3.JimandIhavenothing（毫无共同之处）.1.common2.common3.incommon考点2.value的用法hasalastingvalue有持久的价值1.MrLiwasabletoprovidethepolicewithsome（value）information.2.Ithinkhissuggestionis（value）.You’dbetternottakeit.1.valuable2.valueless考点3.beknown/famousfor因……而著名Asacomposer，perhapsheisbestknownforwinninganOscarforhismusicinthefilmCrouchingTiger，HiddenDragon.作为一位作曲家，也许他最著名的是为电影《卧虎藏龙》作曲而获得奥斯卡奖。to，as，forThetownIgrewupinisknown①itsbeautifulparksandrecreationalareas.It’sknown②afamily－friendlyplacewherepeoplecanenjoyoutdooractivitiesallyearround.Mygrandfather，whohaslivedtherefordecades，isknown③everyoneinthecommunityforhisvolunteerwork

andkindnature.1.for2.as3.to考点4.record的用法recordedfirstandsentoutlater首先录制，然后播出record作动词，意为“录制，录（像），录（音）；记录，记载”，作名词意为“记录，纪录，唱片”。1.Hisdiary（记录）allthehappeningsinhistraining.2.He（打破纪录）thelongjump.1.recorded2.broketherecordof考点5.silly的用法Ithinkmostofthemaresilly.我认为它们大多数都很愚蠢。易混词汇意义及用法silly意为“傻”，多指头脑简单、不懂事，傻头傻脑的foolish意为“愚蠢”，着重指无头脑、缺乏常识、智慧或判断力stupid意为“笨”，着重指生性或反应迟钝，智力差1.Itis（fool）ofthelittledogtochallengethestrongwolf.2.Thedonkey（驴）madethestupid）mistakeinitslifetime.1.foolish2.stupidest考点6.anumberof一些Thereareanumberofinterviewswithfamousplayers.节目中有许多著名的运动员的访谈。易混短语意义及用法a

number

of意为“一些，若干”，后接名词复数，相当于many或a

lot

of。number前可用great/large/small/good等词修饰，但不可用little修饰，作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式the

number

of意为“……的数量”，后接名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式1.Anumberofvisitors（be）visitingWestLakeandthenumberofthevisitorsbe）increasing.1.are2.is三．语法考点定语从句一．关系代词的用法在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词有两种:关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as和关系副词when,where,why.关系代词3个作用：1）连接作用2）替代作用3）在从句中充当成分：作主语/宾语/表语/定语。如下图所示：先行词+关系词+定语从句↓↓↓Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.一．判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：1.找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）。2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分。3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。二．关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代在从句中的成分that人/物主语/宾语/表语which物主语/宾语/表语who人主语/宾语/表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语三．易混的关系代词辨析：（一）that和which1.用that，不用which的情况①当先行词为不定代词：everything,anything,nothing,all,any,much,many,some,few,little,none等或当先行词被no,some,any,all,much,little等词修饰时，只能用that。Togetthejobstarted,allthatIneedisyourpermission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。

IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么要我做的事吗?

Heansweredfewquestionsthatwereaskedbythereporters.他几乎没有回答记者提问的问题。②当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame等词修饰时。That’stheonlythingthatwecandonowThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.这正是我找的钢笔。③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。Thiswasoneofthemostinterestingbooksthatweresoldinthisbookstore.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。

Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。I’mgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeoplethatIhavevisited.我要谈论一下我访问的国家和人民。⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。

WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?那件体恤衫最适合我？2.用which，不用that的情况①在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是有趣的运动。②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.=Thisistheroom(that/which)myfatherlivedinlastyear.这是我父亲去年居住过的房子。四．关系代词易错点：1.关系代词的省略关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。Hangzhouisabeautifulcity(that/which)Ialwayswanttovisit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。Hangzhou,whichIvisitedlastweek,isabeautifulcity.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。2.从句中代词的重复多余定语从句中的引导词指代先行词,从句中不能再出现指代该先行词的代词。ThebookthatIreadityesterdayisveryinteresting.（×）ThebookthatIreadyesterdayisveryinteresting.（√）我昨天读的那本书很有趣。3.what不引导定语从句定语从句中有关系代词that和which而没有what，what可以引导名词性从句。Allthatweneedisasupplyofoil.(that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)Whatweneedisasupplyofoil.(what引导主语从句)我们需要的是石油供应。4.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开）在非限制性定语从句，不能用关系代词that。如果指代“人”，用who/whom，指代“物”，用which。Thebasketballstar,whotriedtomakeacomeback,attractedlotsofattention.这位打算复出的篮球明星引起了很多关注。Hehasbecomeadoctor,whichhewantedtobe.他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。5.whose+n.=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.名词之前必须有the。Iliveintheroomwhosewindow/thewindowofwhich/ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。6.定语从句中的主谓一致:关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。注意：当先行词为“oneof+复数名词”

时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；当先行词为“the(only/very)oneof+复数名词”

时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Heisagoodstudentwholikestohelpothers.他是一个乐于助人的好学生。Theyaregoodstudentswholiketohelpothers.他们是乐于助人的好学生。Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraised.他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。Heistheone/theonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraised.他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。7.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.用正确的关系代词填空1.Shenevergivesintothose________havemoney.2.Thisisthebestfilm________hasbeenshownsofarinthecity.3.Februaryistheonlymonth________hasfewerthan30days.4.Mysonmadenotesofeverything________heread.5.Willyoushowmethegirl________nameisWeiFang?6.Pleasepassmethebook_____islyingonthetable.7.Mygrandparentslikestories________endingsarehappy.8.YuanLongpingisaChinesericescientist_____isleadingasearchtodevelop“searice”.9.Theteacher_______Ilikebestoftenencouragesmetofightformydream.10.Children______dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.1.who 2.that 3.that 4.that 5.whose6.which/that 7.Whose 8.who/that 9.who/whom/that19. whose 二．关系副词的用法一．关系副词的基本用法关系副词在从句中的作用例句When(=at/in/on+which)时间状语Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwemovedintoournewhouse.（先行词theday还原到从句中为:wemovedintoournewhouseontheday,作时间状语，用when或onwhich）我永远不会忘记我们搬入新房子的那一天。Where（=at/in/on+which）地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.（先行词thehouse还原到从句中为:Ilivedinthehousetwoyearsago,作地点状语，用where或inwhich）这就是我两年前居住的房子。Why(=forwhich)原因状语Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.（先行词thereason还原到从句中为:peopleliketravelingforthereasons,作原因状语，用why或forwhich）人们喜欢旅游有很多原因。二．关系副词和关系代词的正确使用先行词在定语从句中充当状语，则用关系副词；主宾表，则用关系代词I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIworkedwithyouonthefarm.(先行词theday还原到从句中为:

Iworkedwithyouonthefarmontheday,作时间状语，用when或onwhich)我永远不会忘记我们在农场一起工作的那一天。Heworksinthefactorywherethesebikesaremade.(先行词thefactory还原到从句中为:thesebikesaremadeinthefactory,作地点状语,用where或inwhich)他在制造这些自行车的那个工厂工作。Thisisthereason(that/which)heexplainedtous.(先行词thereason还原到从句中为:heexplainedthereasontous,作explained的宾语，用that/which)这就是他对我们解释的理由。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.(先行词thereason还原到从句中为:hewassoangryforthereason,作原因状语，

用why或forwhich)我不知道他如此生气的原因。5.”介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句A.若先行词指人，关系代词whom；若先行词指物，关系代词用which。I’llneverforgetthedayonwhich（=when）firstmetLucy.我永远不会忘记初次见露西的那一天。Thisisthetowninwhich（=where）Shakespearewasborn.这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。I’dlikeyoutoexplainthereasonforwhich（=why）youwereabsent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。B.关系代词前介词的选择。将先行词还原到定语从句中，即可确定介词。（1）Ican’tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(attheage）（2）Thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.他们正在寻找的文件已经找到了。（searchfor）（3）Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的气体叫作氧气，没有了它我们无法生存。C.介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebookwhich/thatyouaskedfor.这是你要的那本书。注意一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词＋关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开，如lookfor,lookafter,callon,carefor,hearof,takecareof等。我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。【正】Myyoungestsister,whomhavetolookafter,isverylovely.【误】Myyoungestsister,afterwhomhavetolook,isverylovely.用适当的关系副词或关系代词填空1.Istillremembertheday______IfirstcametoBeijing.2.Thisistheroom______mygrandparentslivedlastyear.

3.Doyouknowthereason______herefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.4.Thisisthehospital______mymotherworks.

5.Thatisthereason______Ididthejob.6.______weknow,thisistheday______thequakehappenedthirty-fiveyearsago.7.Heworksinafactory______makesthistypeofiPhone.8.Thisisthehospital______wevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.9.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.10.Theway_____ourchemistryteacherdidtheexperimentwasveryinteresting.1.when/onwhich2where/inwhich 3.why/forwhich 4.where/inwhich 5.why/forwhich6.As;when/onwhich7.that/which8.that/which 9.that/which 10.that/inwhich四．写作考点 生活就是一段漫长的旅程，有许许多多的