北京市东城区2024届高三下学期综合练习(一)（一模）英语试题

北京市东城区2024届高三下学期综合练习(一)（一模）英语试题姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In2019,ThierryHenry,abusdriver,foundtherewasariseinbiketheftsinhiscity,Reykjavik.Ratherthan1．thatthebikewasgoneforever,hedecidedtotakemattersintohisownhandsandstartedtotrackdownthebikesandreturnthemtotheir2．owners.The44-year-oldhashelpedreturnhundredsofstolenbikesinthepast4years.Hissocialmediaaccounthasover14,500membersandhelpspeopletrackdownmorethanjustlostbikes.Hispage3．topeoplewhohavelosttools,carsandotheritemsofhighvalue.Ontopofhisnobleact,Henryhashelpedthebike4．toreformintheprocess.5．,Henrywoulddealwiththethieveswithanger.However,overtime,herealizedthatmostofthetheftsweredrivenoutofpovertyandotherissues.Hewentfromfeeling6．towardsthethieves,todevelopingempathy（同理心）fortheirsituations.Itwasverytoughatfirst.ButHenrydecidedtotryto7．themandjusttalktothem.Fromthismomentonward,hereachedouttothethieves,offeringhelpandguidance.Afterthechangeinhis8．,Henryfoundthatthebikethievesbegantooftenhandbackthebikestohim.Amazingly,someformerthievesthatHenryhelpednow9．himinlookingforthestolenbikes."It'slikea10．thathasgotbiggerandbigger,".saysHenry."It'snotonlyme.Manytimes,someonespotsabikehiddeninabushandtakesapicture.Thensomeoneelsecomments,'hey,that'smybike'."ThankstoHenry,everyone'slookingout.1．A．claim B．expect C．accept D．realize2．A．new B．honest C．careless D．rightful3．A．belongs B．extends C．returns D．refers4．A．owners B．makers C．thieves D．sellers5．A．Initially B．Unknowingly C．Incredibly D．Unwillingly6．A．regretfully B．negatively C．guiltily D．helplessly7．A．levelwith B．replytoC．sidewith D．apologizeto8．A．plan B．occupation C．habit D．approach9．A．assist B．trust C．engage D．drag10．A．dream B．snowball C．rainbow D．balloon二、第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。语法填空（短文）WhenIlivedinBoston,ItaughtEnglishasasecondlanguagetoadultstudentsfromaroundtheworld.Onthelastday,theythrewaniceparty.IwasamazedtheyhadlearnedenoughEnglish11．（arganize）suchaneventaltogether.Attheendoftheparty,theyproudlyhandedmeagiftbox.Afterthebox12．（open）,Igentlyliftedabeautifulcoatfromit."Wewentshoppingforanewcoat!"theyallshouted13．wonderfullyperfectEnglish.语法填空（短文）InearlyNovemberin2023,adiver,swimmingoffthecoastofSardinia,14．（notice）piecesofmetalontheoceanfloor.Hecalledtheauthoritiesandmorediversweresenttolook.ThepiecesturnedouttobeancientRomancoins.Thecoinsmostlylay15．（bury）insandandseagrassnotfarfromthecoast.Itissaidthatmorethan30,000coinshavebeenfound,16．arecloseto2,000yearsold.Expertscallthisamajorhistoricaldiscovery.语法填空（短文）ChatGPTisachatbot.Someschools17．（ban）itsinceitsbirth.Theyneedtimetomakerulesabout18．it'stobeusedproperlyinclass.Someteachersseeitasa19．（cheat）tool.Butmanyprincipalsbelieveit'stoolatetokeepAIoutofclassrooms.Agrowingnumberof20．（educate）saythepanicaboutAIisalotlikethepaniccausedbytheInternetwhenitwasnew.Oneofthemsays,"ChatGPTistoEnglishandtowritingwhatthecalculatoristomath.三、第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。阅读理解Areyoulookingforteenvolunteeropportunitiesfor2024thatprovidearewardingexperiencethatwillstaywithyouforlife?EveryyearthousandsofteenschoosetovolunteerabroadwithInternationalVolunteerHQ（IVHQ）-theworld'smosttrustedproviderofsafeandaffordablevolunteerprogramsforteens.Servicetripsforteensareavailableinmorethan50destinationsandthereare17teenvolunteerprogramsfor16to18year-olds.Someofthebestprogramsin2024includeTurtleConservationinBali,AnimalCareinCostaRicaandChildcareinTanzania.Or,ifyou'rewantingtovolunteerwithagroupofstudentsfromyourhighschool,IVHQcantailoraprogramforyourgrouptoo!•Benefitsforvolunteers:•Thereisnodoubtthatvolunteeringasateenagerisameaningfulwaytobroadenyoureducationandaddexperiencesthatwillstandoutonyourcollegeapplication.•Crossingboundariestoworkwithpartnersfromdifferentpartsoftheworldfostersglobalunderstanding.•Livinginacountrydifferenttoyourownmeansthatyouwillbeinvolvedinanewculture,cuisine,andwayofthinking.•Guaranteedsupport:ChancesareyourparentswillalsowanttolearnmoreaboutIVHQ,whetherornottheywillgoabroadwithyou.Havingplacedmorethan130,000volunteersabroad,we'realwayshappytospeakwithparentstoensurealltheirquestionsarefielded.Throughouronlinesafetytraining,comprehensiveinformationbrochures,on-goingsupportfromexperiencedprogrammanagersandround-the-clocksupportfromourlocalteams,IVHQvolunteersarewellsupportedtomakethemostofthetimeabroad.Ifyou'rereadytopackyourbagsandexperienceacompletelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobalperspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappytoofferaservice.21．WhatcanIVHQprovideforahighschoolgroup?A．Rewardsforvolunteering.B．Afreeservicetrip.C．Anopportunitytostudyabroad.D．Aspecializedprogram.22．WhatdoesIVHQpromisetovolunteers?A．Localteams'assistance. B．Partners'support.C．Collegerecommendationletters. D．Parents'company23．ThemainpurposeofthepassageistoA．advocatevolunteering B．introducerequirementsC．advertiseaservice D．suggestalifestyle阅读理解AnArtClassWhenKellywastwelve,shestartedtakingclassesatMissGrace'sSchoolforArt.Shedidn'tlikeitatfirst:the"noviceartists"-thekidswhohadn'treallydoneartbefore-workedmostlywithclay,andKellywasaterriblesculptor.Itwasn'tuntilherthirdyearthatKellyfoundsomethingshewasreallygoodat-charcoaldrawing（素描）.Shelovedwatchingthelinesspreadunevenlyacrossthepageasshemovedthebitsofcharcoalbackandforthoverthepaper.Oneday,Sophia.thebestartistinherclass,satdownandsetuphereasel（画架）nexttoKelly.Kellyfeltasinkingfeelinginherstomach.She'd.actuallyfoundanartformthatsheenjoyed-andwasgoodat--andnowSophiawasgoingtooutshineheragain?KellyfoughtbacktearswhenMissGraceenteredtheroom."Helloclass,MissGracesaid."We'llcontinuetoworkontheprojecttoday.WhatmasterpiecewouldSophiahavecomeupwith?KellylookedatSophia'seaselandshecouldn'tbelieveit--itwasamess!Forabriefmoment,Kellycouldn'tactuallybelieveherdrawingwasbetterthanSophia's.ButthenshelookedatSophia,whowaswatchingKellywithananxiousexpression."I….Icouldn'tdecidewhattodo,"Sophiasaid."Andyou'resogood.SometimesIfeellikemystuffisjustsobadincomparison.KellylookedtoseeifSophiawasjoking,butsheseemedcompletelyserious.NowKellywasshocked."I'mnottalented...MissGraceseldompraisesme.You'rethebestoneinourclass!"Sophiaraisedhereyebrows."Imightbeareallygoodcopierofthestuff,butIhavenoideawhattodowhenitcomestomakingupmyownimages.Youaresogreatatmakingnewthingsoutoftheoldstuff.I'velovedyourworks.""I'velovedyours,too,Kellysaid."Well,definitelynotthisone,"Sophiasaid.Kellysmiled."Maybenotrightnow.Butifyoumovetheselinesup..."shesaid,pointingherfingeronSophia'spaper.Sophiawasquietforamoment."That'sagreatidea!"shesaidfinally.Kellysmiledandturnedbacktoherdrawing,lookingeverysooftenatSophia'sworktoseethatshewastakingheradvice,downtothelastline.24．WhenKellystartedclassesattheartschool,she____.A．wasnotgoodatthecourseB．lackedconfidenceindrawingC．wasoftenpushedbyMissGraceD．didnotgetalongwiththeotherkids25．HowdidKellyfeelwhenSophiasatbesideher?A．Thrilled. B．Confused. C．Frustrated. D．Relieved.26．WhatdidKellydointheartclass?A．SheinspiredSophia.B．ShepraisedSophia'screativity.C．ShedecidedtooutshineSophia.D．ShefinishedthedrawingforSophia.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Interestisthebestteacher.B．Youarewhatyoubelievetobe.C．Everyonehastheirownstrengths.D．Hardworkwilleventuallypayoff.阅读理解Researchspanningseveraldecadesdemonstratesthatyouaremorelikelytothinktheinformationthatisrepeatedtobetruethantheinformationyouhearonlyonce.Youusuallyassumethatifpeopleputinefforttorepeatastatement,thisreflectsthetruthofthestatement.Thistendency-alsocalledthetrutheffect-isabias（偏见）thatcanleadyoutodrawincorrectconclusions.Towhatdegreearepeopleawareofthetrutheffect?ThisquestionwasaddressedinapaperinthejournalCognitionearlythisyear.Inthecriticalstudyinthispaper,participantsdidtwosessions.Inonesession,theyreadaboutahypothetical（虚构的）studyinwhichtheywereexposedtosomestatementsandthenwereaskedwhetherbothstatementstheyhadheardbeforeaswellasthesenewstatementsweretrue.Theywereaskedtopredicttheproportion（比例）ofeachstatementthatwouldbejudgedastrue.Theydidthisbothasapredictionofotherpeople'sperformanceaswellasapredictionofhowtheywoulddointhisstudy.Atanothersessionafewdayslater,participantsactuallyperformedthisstudy,readingasetof20statementsinthehypotheticalstudyagainandthenjudgingthetruthofaltogether40statements,halfofwhichwerefromthehypotheticalstudyandtheotherhalfofwhichwerenew.Thisstudydidreplicatethewellknowntrutheffect.Peopleweremorelikelytojudgestatementstheyhadseenbeforeastruethanstatementsthatwerenew.Twointerestingfindingsemergedfromtheprediction.First,participantstendedtounderestimatethesizeofthetrutheffectforeveryone.Thatis,whiletheydidexpectsomedifferenceinjudgmentsbetweenthestatementsseenbeforeandthosethatwerenew,theythoughtthisdifferencewouldbesmallerthanitactuallywas.Second,participantsmoresignificantlyunderpredictedthetrutheffectforthemselvescomparedtothatforotherpeople.Thisstudyisparticularlyimportantinlightoftheamountofmisinformationpresentinsocialmedia.Manypeoplehavethepowertoinfluencepublicopinionaboutimportantmatters.Floodingsocialmediafeedswithmisinformationwillleadpeopletobelievethisinformationistruejustbecauseitisstated.Recognizingthatweareallsusceptibletothisinfluenceofrepeatedinformationshouldleadustomistrustourintuition（直觉）aboutwhatistrueandtolookupimportantinformationpriortousingittomakeimportantjudgmentsanddecisions.28．Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorintendsto____.A．clarifyamisconception B．presentaphenomenonC．challengeastatement D．confirmatheory29．Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A．Impactsofthetrutheffectrequirefurtherstudies.B．Makingpredictionsbeforejudgmentsissignificant.C．Peoplehavehardlyanyawarenessofthetrutheffect.D．Peopletendtobelievetheycanmakewiserjudgments.30．Whatdoestheword"susceptible"underlinedinthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Critical. B．Subject. C．Opposed. D．Adapted.阅读理解WhenIteachresearchmethods,amajorfocusispeerreview.Asaprocess,peerreviewevaluatesacademicpapersfortheirquality,integrityandimpactonafield,largelyshapingwhatscientistsacceptas"knowledge"-Byinstinct,anyacademicfollowsupanewideawiththequestion,"Wasthatpeerreviewed?"AlthoughIbelieveintheimportanceofpeerreviewandIhelpdopeerreviewsforseveralacademicjournals-Iknowhowvulnerabletheprocesscanbe.IhadmyfirstencounterwithpeerreviewduringmyfirstyearasaPh.Dstudent.Oneday,myadviserhandedmeanessayandtoldmetohavemy-writtenreviewbacktohiminaweek.Butatthetime,Icertainlywasnota"peer"--Iwastoonewinmyfield.Manipulateddata（不实的数据）orsubstandardmethodscouldeasilyhavegoneundetected.Knowledgeisnotself-evident.Onlyexpertswouldbeabletonoticethem,andeventhen,expertsdonotalwaysagreeonwhattheynotice.Let'ssayinmylifeIonlyseewhiteswans.MaybeIwriteanessay,concludingthatallswansarewhite.Anda"peer"says,"Waitaminute,I'veseenblackswans."Iwouldhavetorefinemyknowledge.Thepeerplaysakeyroleevaluatingobservationswiththeoverallgoalofadvancingknowledge.Forexample,iftheabovestorywerereversed,andpeerreviewerswhoallbelievedthatallswanswerewhitecameacrossthefirststudyobservingablackswan,thestudywouldreceivealotofattention.Sowhywasafirst-yeargraduatestudentgettingtostandinforanexpert?Whywouldmyreviewcountthesameasanexpert'sreview?Oneanswer:Theprocessreliesalmostentirelyonunpaidlabor.Despitethefactthatpeersareprofessionals,peerreviewisnotaprofession.Asaresult,thesameover-workedscholarsoftenreceivemassesofthepeerreviewrequests.Besidesthelaborinequity,asmallpoolofexpertscanleadtoanarrowedprocessofwhatispublishableorwhatcountsasknowledge,directlythreateningdiversityofperspectivesandscholars.Withoutalargeenoughreviewerpool,theprocesscaneasilyfallvictimtobiases,arisingfromasmallcommunityrecognizingeachother'sworkandcompromisingconflictsofinterest.Despitethesechallenges.Istilltellmystudentsthatpeerreviewoffersthebestmethodforevaluatingstudiesairdadvancingknowledge.Asaprocess,peerreviewtheoreticallyworks.Thequestioniswhethertheissueswithpeerreviewcanbeaddressedbyprofessionalizingthefield.31．Whatcanwelearnaboutpeerreviewinthefirstparagraph?A．Itgeneratesknowledge.B．Itiscommonlypracticed.C．Itisamajorresearchmethod.D．Itisquestionedbysomescientists.32．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheexampleofswans?A．Complexityofpeerreviewensuresitsreliability.B．Contradictionsbetweenscientistsmaybebalanced.C．Individualscanbelimitedbypersonalexperiences.D．Expertsshoulddetectunscientificobservationmethods.33．Whatistheauthor'smajorconcernaboutpeerreview?A．Workloadforscholars. B．Toughnessoftheprocess.C．Diversificationofpublications. D．Financialsupporttoreviewers.34．Thepassageismainlyabout____.A．whatfuelspeerreviewB．whypeerreviewisimperfectC．hownewhandsadvancepeerreviewD．whetherpeerreviewersareunderrated四、第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Today,whatwehave,isanalways-in-your-pocket,24/7newscycle.Whenyouopenanewsapp,you'llnoticeabriefmomentwhenthe"oldnews"isstillthere.Inaflash,theancienthistoryofafewhoursagoissweptawayforthenext"breakingnews".35．It'sendless,butyouhadbetterkeepup.Researchersintroducethisworldtothephrase,"noisebottleneck".Anoisebottleneckiswhereweareoverwhelmedwithsomuchinformationornoisethatourcognitive（认知的）abilitiescan'tkeepup.36．Thus,whileourattentioncanwatchhours.ofvideos,ourlong-termlearningprocessescan't.37．WewatchTVholdingourphones,andwelistentomusicwhileshopping.However,thehumanbrainmighthavestructurallimitationrootedinthecognitivearchitecturewhichcausestheslowingdownthatoccurswhentwotasksareperformedatthesametime.Inshort,yourbrainisnotasgoodasyouthinkitis.Youareahumanbeingwhocanonlytakeinsomuchaday.Understandingthenoisebottleneckallowsustofixit.So,herearethreetipstogetyougoing:Clearyourcontent-setupanewaccountonsocialmediaandfollowonlyaccountsorpeoplethatyouthinkarereallyvaluable.Single-task-youdon'tneedtoridthephonebutdoridthedistractions.38．Say,"Iwillonlyreadthismagazineafterdinner.Multitaskingisforshow;single-taskingisforpros.Acceptyourlimits-you'llneverreadallthenews.Acceptyoucanonlychoosetwoorthreeandembracethatfact.39．You'regettingmoreoutofthosefewthanthat"super-productive"persononsocialmediawhosaystheyreadfivebooksaweek.Afterall,it'sbettertohavealittlerememberedthanalotforgotten.A.Giveyourselfatimelimitorrestrictionifithelps.B.Don'tbeatyourselfupthatyou'rebeingunproductive.C.Everysecond,youarepresentedwithnewinformation.D.Breakingthroughthenoisebottleneckisalegendaryidea.E.Thematterismadeworsebyourmodernaddictiontomultitasking.F.Multitaskinghasdramaticallychangedthewayweuseinformation.G.Ourbrainshavelimitedresources,spreadacrossnumerousfunctions.五、第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Ifyouareapsychologyenthusiast,youhaveprobablyheardofthefamousmarshmallowtest（棉花糖实验）.Inthistask,kidsaregivenamarshmallow,andaretoldthattheycaneatthatmarshmallownow,orwaitalittlewhile,andhavetwomarshmallowsinstead.Somekidseatthemarshmallowimmediately,butmosttrytheirbesttowaitfortwo.Whentheresearchersfollowedupwiththosekidslaterinlife,childrenwhowaitedlongerhadbetterlifeoutcomes:moreacademicsuccess,bettersocialbehavior,andevenmarkersofbetterhealth.Theybelievethosechildrenwhokeepwaitingaretheoneswiththemostself-control-akeyfactorinsuccess,andthat'swhytheyaresosuccessfullater.Butwhatifthebehaviorinthemarshmallowtesthasmoretodowithculturalnormsthanself-control?A2022studytestedtheideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowaitforrewardsbasedonwhattheyareaccustomedtowaitingforintheirculture.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,thereisnowidespreadmealtimecustomofwaitinguntileveryoneisserved.InJapan,however,thereis.Becauseofthisdifferenceinnorms,theresearchershypothesizedthatJapanesechildrenwouldwaitlongerinthemarshmallowtestthantheAmericanchildren.Thisisexactlywhattheyfoundlaterinexperiments.Butthisisn'tconclusiveevidence;afterall,maybeJapanesechildrenactuallyhavebetterself-control,ormaybetheydifferfromAmericanchildreninotherwaysthatcouldexplaintheresult.IntheU.S.,giftsareusuallygivenonspecialoccasionsandchildrenusuallyhavetowaitbeforetheycanunwraptheirpresents.InJapan,however,gift-givinghappensmoreoften,andchildrenusuallyopenpresentsimmediately.Giventheseculturaldifferences,scientistsexpectedthatiftheyranthetestwithgiftsinsteadofmarshmallows,Americankidswouldwaitlonger.Onceagain,theirhypothesiswascorrect.Thisisapowerfulresultbecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofcultureandhabitinshapingbehavior.Ifachildwaitsonlyfewminutesbeforegivingupontwomarshmallowsbutmuchlongertounwrapagift,canwereallysaythatchildlacksself-control?Idon'tthinkso.Ithinkitjustmeansthattheyareadjustingwelltotheirsocialsettings.40．Accordingtotheresearchers,whydochildrenwhowaitlongerhavebetterlifeoutcomes?41．Whatwasthepurposeofthe2022study?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.43．Besidesthecasesmentionedinthepassage,pleasegiveoneortwoexamplestoshowhowcultureshapesyourbehavior.（Inabout40words）六、第二节【答案】44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。今年世界地球日的主题为"Planetvs.Plastics",你校将举办相关活动。你的笔友Jim发来邮件，询问该活动的情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.活动内容；2.你的任务。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua

答案解析部分【答案】1．C；2．D；3．B；4．C；5．A；6．B；7．A；8．D；9．A；10．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是ThierryHenry在帮助寻找被偷的自行车的过程中也使得那些小偷改过自新。

【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空的解题技巧如下。利用首句信息来推测语篇主旨；寻找提示信息，重视语境意义；识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系；利用原词复现，寻找近义词语；利用背景知识来简化判断过程；注意习惯用语，熟记常见句型。1．句意：他没有接受自行车永远消失的事实，而是决定自己动手，开始追查这些自行车，并将它们归还给它们的合法主人。A.claim声称，断言；B.expect期待；C.accept接受；D.realize意识到。根据下文"hedecidedtotakemattersintohisownhandsandstartedtotrackdownthebikes"可知，他决定自己去找那些自行车，所以是他没有接受自行车永远消失的事实。故选C。2．句意：他没有接受自行车永远消失的事实，而是决定自己动手，开始追查这些自行车，并将它们归还给它们的合法主人。A.new新的；B.honest诚实的；C.careless粗心的；D.rightful合法的。根据下文"returnthemto"可知，是把自行车还给它们合法的主人。故选D。3．句意：他的页面扩展到那些丢失了工具、汽车和其他高价值物品的人。A.belongs属于；B.extends扩展；C.returns回来；D.refers提到。根据下文"topeoplewhohavelosttools,carsandotheritemsofhighvalue"可知，他的页面从丢失自行车的人扩展到那些丢失了工具、汽车和其他高价值物品的人。故选B。4．句意：除了他的高尚行为之外，亨利还在这个过程中帮助偷自行车的人改过自新。A.owners所有人，物主；B.makers制造商；C.thieves小偷；D.sellers卖家。根据下文"toreform"可知，他是帮偷车的小偷改过自新。故选C。5．句意：起初，亨利会愤怒地对付小偷。A.Initially起初；B.Unknowingly不知不觉地；C.Incredibly难以置信地；D.Unwillingly不情愿地。根据下文"Henrywoulddealwiththethieveswithanger.However,overtime,herealizedthatmostofthetheftsweredrivenoutofpovertyandotherissues"可知，起初他会愤怒地对付小偷。故选A6．句意：他对小偷的态度从消极到对他们的处境感同身受。A.regretfully懊悔地，遗憾地；B.negatively消极地；C.guiltily内疚地；D.helplessly无助地。根据上文"Henrywoulddealwiththethieveswithanger"可知，他刚开始对小偷的态度很消极，后来变成对他们的处境感同身受。故选B。7．句意：但亨利决定试着和他们说实话，和他们谈谈。A.levelwith对……说实话；B.replyto回复；C.sidewith支持；D.apologizeto向……道歉。根据下文"themandjusttalktothem"可知，亨利决定试着和他们说实话。故选A。8．句意：在改变了他的方法之后，亨利发现偷自行车的人开始经常把自行车还给他。A.plan计划；B.occupation职业；C.habit习惯；D.approach方法。根据上文"Hewentfromfeeling__6__towardsthethieves,todevelopingempathy(同理心)fortheirsituations"可知，他改变了对待小偷的方法。故选D9．句意：令人惊讶的是，亨利帮助过的一些以前的小偷现在帮助他寻找被盗的自行车。A.assist帮助；B.trust信任；C.engage参与；D.drag拖。根据下文"lookingforthestolenbikes"可知，亨利帮助过的一些以前的小偷现在帮助他寻找被盗的自行车。故选A。10．句意：就像雪球越滚越大。A.dream梦；B.snowball雪球；C.rainbow彩虹；D.balloon气球。根据下文"gotbiggerandbigger"可知，这就像雪球一样，越来越大。故选B。【答案】11．toorganize；12．wasopened；13．in【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。一位教师在波士顿教授来自世界各地的成人学生学习英语，学生取得了很大的语言进步。

【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及动词不定式、时态、语态、介词多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。11．句意：我很惊讶他们学到了足够的英语足以组织这样一个活动。由enough可知，此处使用动词不定式作结果状语，表示"……多到足以做某事"，故填toorganize。12．句意：盒子打开后，我轻轻地从里面拿出一件漂亮的外套。根据"Igentlyliftedabeautifulcoatfromit."以及box承受open的动作可知，从句的谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，box为单数，故填wasopened。13．句意：我们去买一件新外套！他们都用非常完美的英语喊道。使用某种语言用介词in，故填in。【答案】14．noticed；15．buried；16．which【解析】【分析】这是一则新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时发现了数量巨大的古代硬币。

【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及对时态、形容词和定语从句多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。14．句意：2023年11月初，一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时，注意到海底有金属碎片。根据句中的"inearlyNovemberin2023"可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填noticed。15．句意：这些硬币大多埋在离海岸不远的沙子和海草里。句中lie是系动词，需后接形容词作表语，需要的词义为"被掩埋的"，故填buried。16．句意：据说已经发现了3万多枚硬币，都有近2000年的历史。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词coins指物并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。【答案】17．havebanned；18．how；19．cheating；20．educators【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一些学校禁止使用ChatGPT，但许多教育工作者认为人工智能在教育中是很重要的。

【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及对名词，动名词，宾语从句，时态以及主谓一致多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。17．句意：一些学校自其诞生以来就禁止它。根据句中的"sinceitsbirth"可知，谓语动词ban使用现在完成时，主语"someschools"为复数意义，谓语复数形式，故填havebanned。18．句意：他们需要时间来制定规则，规定如何在课堂上正确使用。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，表示"如何"，因此使用连接副词how引导宾语从句，故填how。19．句意：一些老师认为这是一种作弊工具。动名词形式作定语修饰名词tool，用来表示该名词的用途、目的或场合，cheating修饰tool，意为"用来作弊的工具"，故填cheating。20．句意：越来越多的教育工作者表示，对人工智能的恐慌很像互联网刚出现时引起的恐慌。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义为"教育工作者"，即educator，它是可数名词，前有"agrowingnumberof"修饰，则educator需要变复数形式，故填educators。【答案】21．D22．A23．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是InternationalVolunteerHQ为志愿者提供的服务的广告。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。21．细节理解题。根据第二段"Or,ifyou'rewantingtovolunteerwithagroupofstudentsfromyourhighschool,IVHQcantailoraprogramforyourgrouptoo!(或者，如果你想和你高中的一群学生一起做志愿者，IVHQ也可以为你的小组量身定制一个项目！)"可知，IVHQ能为高中团体提供一个专门的项目。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据Guaranteedsupport:部分的"Throughouronlinesafetytraining,comprehensiveinformationbrochures,on-goingsupportfromexperiencedprogrammanagersandround-the-clocksupportfromourlocalteams,IVHQvolunteersarewellsupportedtomakethemostofthetimeabroad.(通过我们的在线安全培训、全面的信息手册、经验丰富的项目经理的持续支持以及当地团队的24小时支持，IVHQ志愿者可以充分利用国外的时间。)"可知，IVHQ对志愿者的承诺是当地团队的协助。故选A。23．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段"Ifyou'rereadytopackyourbagsandexperienceacompletelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobalperspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappytoofferaservice.(如果您准备好打包行李，体验完全不同的生活方式，拓宽您的全球视野，请与我们联系。IVHQ将非常乐意为您提供服务。)"可知，本文是InternationalVolunteerHQ为志愿者提供的服务的广告，因此目的是为一种服务做广告。故选C。【答案】24．A25．C26．A27．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Kelly在一节艺术课上所发生的事情。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。24．细节理解题。根据第一段"Shedidn'tlikeitatfirst:the"noviceartists"—thekidswhohadn'treallydoneartbefore-workedmostlywithclay,andKellywasaterriblesculptor.(她一开始并不喜欢：那些"新手艺术家"——那些以前没有真正做过艺术的孩子——主要是用粘土创作的，而凯利是个糟糕的雕塑家。)"可知，当Kelly开始在艺术学校上课时，她不擅长这门课。故选A。25．推理判断题。根据第三段"Kellyfeltasinkingfeelinginherstomach.She'dactuallyfoundanartformthatsheenjoyedandwasgoodat-andnowSophiawasgoingtooutshineheragain?(Kelly感到胃里有一种下沉的感觉。她真的找到了一种自己喜欢并擅长的艺术形式，而现在索菲亚又要比她更耀眼了？)"可知，当索菲亚坐在凯莉身边时，她感觉到沮丧。故选C。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段"Kellysmiled."Maybenotrightnow.Butifyoumovetheselinesup..."shesaid,pointingherfingeronSophia'spaper.(Kelly笑了。"也许不是现在。但是如果你把这些线往上移动……她用手指着索菲亚的纸说。)"和倒数第二段"That'sagreatidea!(好主意！)"可知，Kelly在美术课上启发了索菲亚。故选A。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第六段"Youaresogreatatmakingnewthingsoutoftheoldstuff.(你很擅长从旧事物中创造出新事物。)"可知，我们能从文章中了解到每个人都有自己的长处。故选C。【答案】28．B29．D30．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了一种被称作"真实效应"的心理偏见现象，即人们更容易相信被重复表述的信息，而不是只听到一次的信息，呼吁人们应该更加警惕重复信息的影响，以及在做出重要判断和决策之前查证重要信息的真实性。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及推理判断题和词句猜测题两种题型。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。词句猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。28．推理判断题。根据第一段的"Researchspanningseveraldecadesdemonstratesthatyouaremorelikelytothinktheinformationthatisrepeatedtobetruethantheinformationyouhearonlyonce.Youusuallyassumethatifpeopleputinefforttorepeatastatement,thisreflectsthetruthofthestatement.Thistendency-alsocalledthetrutheffect-isabiasthatcanleadyoutodrawincorrectconclusions.(几十年的研究表明，与只听到一次的信息相比，你更有可能认为重复的信息是真实的。你通常认为，如果人们努力重复一句话，这就