【话题阅读周周练】Week-01：卫生与健康

卫生与健康/Week012/2Dan,thefoodexpert,answersteenagers'questions.Q:Inevereatanymeatorfish.MyfriendssayIcan'tgetenoughproteinfrommyfoods.Isthistrue?Marcel,14,NewYork,USDan:That'sagoodquestion,Marcel.Proteinisveryimportant.Itgivesyoustrength.There'sproteininmeatandfish,butifyoudon'teatthem,don'tworry.There'salsoproteinineggs,milk,nutsandbeans.Q:Ilovecandy,chocolateandice-cream.Isthisaproblem?Linda,16,Manchester,UKDan:Ilikethosethingstoo,Linda,buttherearealotofcarbohydrates,sugarandfatinsweetfoods,soIonlyeatthemonceaweek.Carbohydratesaren'talwaysbadforyou.Youneedthemforenergy.Butalotofsugarandfatarebadforyou.Q:Iknowthatfruithaslotsofvitamins,butIjustdon'tlikeanyfruit!WhatcanIdo?Isabel,15,MexicoCity,MexicoDan:Vitaminshelpyourbodyworkproperly.It'struethatfruitisrichinvitamins,buttheyarealsoinfoodslikevegetables,fishandmeat.Youcanalsotryasmoothie.Putsomebananas,apples,strawberriesandyogurtwithsomeorangejuiceinablender.It'sgreat!1.WhatkindoffooddoesDanadviseMarceltogetproteinfrom?A.Meat B.Fish. C.Eggs. D.Vegetables2.WhatcanweknowaboutLinda?A.SheisfromMexico. B.ShelovessweetfoodsC.Shedoesn'tlikefruits. D.SheisyoungerthanMarcel3.HowoftendoesDaneatsweetfoods?A.Never. B.Onceamonth. C.Onceaweek. D.Everyday.4.WhatisIsabelworriedabout?A.Shetakesintoomuchprotein B.Shedoesn'tdrinkenoughwater.C.Shedoesn'tgetenoughvitamins. D.Sheeatstoomanycarbohydrates.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“smoothie”referto?A.Akindoffruit. B.Akindofdrink.C.Akindofcandy. D.Akindofteinn.蛋白质nutsandbeans坚果和豆类carbohydraten.碳水化合物energyn.活力vitaminn.维生素本文是应用文。文章是一位饮食专家Dan就孩子们关于健康饮食所提的问题给予的回复。1.C。细节理解题。根据表格第一横栏最后一句There'salsoproteinineggs，milk，nutsandbeans可知，Dan建议Marcel从蛋、奶、坚果和豆类中摄取蛋白质。2.B。推理判断题。根据表格第二横栏第一句Ilovecandy，chocolateandice-cream可推知，Linda喜欢甜食。3.C。细节理解题。根据表格第二横栏Dan回复Linda第一句….soIonlyeatthemonceaweek可知，Dan一周吃一次甜食。4.C。推理判断题。根据表格第三横栏问题句Iknowthatfruithaslotsofvitamins，butIjustdon’tlikeanyfruit！WhatcanIdo可知，Isabel不爱吃水果，所以担心自己摄取不到足够的维生素。5.B。词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句Putsomebananas，apples，strawberriesandyogurtwithsomeorangejuiceinablender可知，把一些水果、酸奶和橙汁放在一个食物搅拌器里，最后成品可能是一种饮品。阅读理解解题技巧：信息暗示法阅读理解材料都是一个个完整的故事或片段，句子之间、段落之间都是有机地联系在一起的。解题时应注意上下句、上下段之间的信息暗示，如词语暗示、前句暗示、后句暗示、段落暗示、逻辑暗示和语义暗示等。知道并且明白了这些暗示，解题时就能找出规律，得到启发，提高解题的准确率，有效地节省时间。本文的第4小题就是一道典型例題。根据表格第三横栏的问题句Iknowthatfruithaslotsofvitamins,butIjustdon’tlikeanyfruit!WhatcanIdo?可知，Isabel知道水果含有大量的维生素，但是自己又不喜欢吃水果。此处暗示了Isabel担心自己摄取不到足够的维生素。考生只有看懂了这两句话所含有的信息暗示才能够选出正确答案。Lookaroundandyou'llseepeoplebusyontheirsmartphones.Smartphonesdomakeourliveseasier.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutwhattheymeantoyoureyes?Accordingtoastudy,halfofBritishpeopleownsmartphonesandtheyspendanaverageoftwohoursadayusingthem.Therehasbeena35%increaseinthenumberofpeopleintheUKwhosufferfromshortsightednesssincesmartphoneswereintroducedtherein1997.Staringatsmartphonesforlongtimegivesyoudryeyes.Whenlookingatsomethinginthedistance,youreyesautomaticallyblinkacertainnumberoftimes.However,whenyoulookatthingsclosertoyourface,theblinkingslowsdown.Thisreducestheamountoftearsandcausesdiscomfortinyoureyes.Anotherbadhabitisusingsmartphonesindarkroomsbeforegoingtosleep.Ifyoulookatabrightscreenwhileyourpupilsbecomelarger,toomuchlightentersyoureyes.Thiscandoharmtotheeyesandcauseadiseasecalledglaucoma.Whileyou'reprobablynotgoingtostopusingyoursmartphone,thereareafewthingsyoucandotoprotectyoureyes.Holdyourphoneatleast30centimetersawayfromyoureyeswhenusingit.Takeabreakeveryhourandtrythefollowing:lookatsomethingatleastfivemetersfromyouandthenlookatthetipofyournose.Repeatthisseveraltimes.Itshouldreducethediscomfortinyoureyes.1.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.ThenumberofBritishpeoplewhoownsmartphonesincreasesby35%.B.EachofBritishpeoplespendstwohoursadayonsmartphones.C.HalfofBritishpeoplebegantousesmartphones24yearsago.D.MoreBritishpeoplehavegotshortsightednesssince1997.2.WhatproblemmayusingsmartphonesimproperlycauseaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Itmaycausetoomanyblinks. B.Itmaycausedryeyesandglaucoma.C.Itmaycausesmallerpupils. D.Itmaycausemoretearsintheeyes.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“doharmto”inParagraph3meaninChinese?A.促进 B.阻止 C.伤害 D.保护4.Whichofthefollowingissuggested（建议）bythewriter?A.Don'tusethephoneforoveranhourwithoutabreak.B.Holdthephoneatleasthalfameterawayfromtheeyes.C.Turnoffyourphoneforacoupleofhourseveryday.D.Lookatthetipofyournoseforseveralminutes.5.Whatisthewriter'spurpose（目的）inwritingthistext?A.Toadvisepeoplenottobuysmartphones.B.Toadvisepeopletostopusingsmartphones.C.Toadvisepeopletousesmartphonesproperly.D.Toadvisepeopletomakefulluseofsmartphones.averagen.平均数increasen.增长shortsightednessn.近视stareat盯，凝视blinkv.眨眼pupiln.瞳孔glaucoman.青光眼本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了使用智能手机的危害：长时间使用手机会引起眼睛干涩和青光眼。并建议我们连续使用手机不超过一个小时。1.D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句Therehasbeena35%increaseinthenumberofpeopleintheUKwhosufferfromshortsightednesssincesmartphoneswereintroducedtherein1997可知，自从1997年以来越来越多的英国人受到了手机的危害，患上了近视眼。2.B。细节理解题。根据文章第三段首句Staringatsmartphonesorlongtimegivesyoudryeyes以及最后一句Thiscandoharmtotheeyesandcauseadiseasecalledglaucoma可知，智能手机使用不当会引起眼睛干涩和青光眼。3.C。词义猜测题。画线部分前提到另一个坏习惯是睡觉之前在黑暗的房间里使用智能手机，如果你盯着一个亮的屏幕看，你的瞳孔会变大，太多的光线就会进入你的眼睛，而画线部分后提到这会导致青光眼。结合画线部分前后的内容可推知，这会对眼睛造成伤害。故C项“伤害”符合文意。4.A。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第三句Takeabreakeveryhourandtrythefollowing….可知，作者建议我们每使用一小时手机就休息一下。5.C。写作意图题。通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了使用智能手机的危害，并给出了如何恰当使用手机的建议。如何解答写作意图题阅读理解中有一类特殊的推理判断题，这类题目一般难度较大，考查考生对作者的写作目的及意图的理解和把握，考生有时无法从文章中直接找到答案。遇到这类题目时，应该在通读整篇文章的基础上经过分析和推理一些重点内容，推救出文章的写作意图。本文的第5小题就是写作意图题。文章主要介绍了使用智能手机的危害：长时间使用手机会引起眼睛干涩和青先眼。最后给出恰当使用手机的建议，其目的是为了告诉读者要恰当使用手机。AspeoplearoundtheworldworktoslowthespreadofCOVID-19,everyoneistellingustowashourhandswithsoap.Ifyou'reheedingthisadvicefromthegovernment,doctors,scientists,teachersandparents,you"veprobablyneverwashedyourhandsasofteninyourlife.Butissoapreallynecessary?Doesitwork?Howdoesitwork?Can'tyoujustusewater?Germssticktothenaturaloil(atypeoffat)onyourskin.Waterwithoutsoapisn'tverysuccessfulatgettingthegermsoffyourskinbecausewaterandoildon'tmix.Soapismadewithsomekindoffatoroil,waterandsomekindofalkalinesubstance,suchasatypeofsalt.Itsometimesalsohasotherthingsinit,suchascolors.Peoplemadesoapthousandsofyearsagousinganimalfatandsomealkalinesubstance.Whenthefatandthealkalinesubstancearemixedtogetherwiththehelpofsomewater,thereisachemicalreaction.Soapistheresultofit!Themoleculesofsoaphaveoneendthatloveswaterandoneendthatlovesoil.Ifyouwashyourhandswithsoap,thesoapmoleculesactasalinkbetweenthewateryou'rewashingwithandtheoilonyourskin.Amoleculeofwaterjoinstooneendofthesoapmoleculeandamoleculeofoiljoinstotheotherend.Whenyouwashyourhands，thewholelotwashesoff,gettingtheoiloffyourskinandtakingthegermswithit.Germslovewetenvironments,sodryingyourhandsisimportant.Ahanddryerisbestifyouareinapublicbathroom.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"heeding"inParagraph1mean?A.Refusing.B.Following.C.Passingon.D.Laughingat.2.Whyisithardtocleanhandswithonlywater?A.Theoilwon'twashoff.B.Thewaterisn'tcleanenough.C.Thehandswillbecomeoily.D.Theoilonhandswillmixwithwater.3.Whyisalkalinesubstanceimportant?A.Itcanturnfatintooil.B.Itcanhelpcleanwater.C.Itcangivesoapsomecolor.D.Itcanworkwelltogetherwithfat.4.Whatisspecialaboutthemoleculesofsoap?A.Theyloveoilbetterthanwater.B.Theyhavetwoendsofdifferentsizes.C.TheylookthesameaswatermoleculesD.Theyhavetwoendsworkingdifferently.5.Wherewouldgermsliketostay?A.Inwetplaces.B.Indryplaces.C.Indarkplaces.D.Inbrightplaces.spreadn.传播germn.病菌skinn.皮肤alkalinesubstance碱性物质chemicalreaction化学反应moleculen.分子本文是说明文。文章介绍了肥皂的成分及作用原理，并建议大家勤用肥皂洗手。1.B。词义猜测题。画线词所在句的意思是“如果现在你‘听从’政府、医生、科学家、老师和父母的建议（勤洗手），那么你可能从来没有像现在这样经常性地洗手”。follow在此处表示“遵循，听从”。2.A。推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一、二句Germssticktothenaturaloil（atypeoffat）onyourskin.Waterwithoutsoapisn'tverysuccessfulatgettingthegermsoffyourskinbecausewaterandoildon’tmix可知，病菌附着在油脂上，光用水冲洗油脂冲不掉，病菌也就冲不掉。3.D。推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二、三句Whenthefatandthealkalinesubstancearemixedtogetherwiththehelpofsomewater，thereisachemicalreaction.Soapistheresultofit可知，碱性物质与脂肪可以发生化学反应生成肥皂，所以两者在一起可以配合工作。4.D。推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句Themoleculesofsoaphaveoneendthatloveswaterandoneendthatlovesoil可知，肥皂的两个分子端工作原理不同。5.A。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句Germslovewetenvironments….可知，病菌喜欢潮湿的环境。Sorenecksareverycommonthesedays.Howtoavoidasoreneck?1.__________________Takeprecautionsafteranunusualactivity.Manypeoplereporthavingpainintheirnecksafterdoingsomethingthattheydon'toftendo,suchasanewexerciseorpackingandmoving.Ifyouknowyou'vedonesomethingthatputsyouatrisk，massageyourneck，doitwithdifferentexercisesandtakeawarmbathbeforebed.2._________Ifyouworklonghoursatadesk,youmaywanttomakesurethatyourworkenvironmentissetuptobethemostrelaxing.Makesurethatyourbodyisbeingtreatedright.3.__________Thiswilloftendependonhowhighyourchairis，soadjustitintimetoachievegoodresults.4.__________Sittinginonepositionforlongperiodsoftimeisnothealthy.Sitwithyourbackstraightformostofthetime.Takea5-minutebreakifyoucanandwalkaroundeveryhour.Exercise.Findsomething--swimming，runningorclimbing—thatmakesyouexcitedandfeelalive.Makeitintoausualway.5.__________.A.Changeyourpostureoften.B.Keepyourfeetonthefloor.C.Herearethethingsyoushouldknow.D.Makesureyourworkstationiscorrect.E.Yourbodywillfeelbetterandyourmindwillfeelmorerelaxed.1-5CDBAEavoidv.避免precautionn.预防措施painn.疼痛massagev.按摩adjustv.调整positionn.位置aliveadj.有生气的Ruthhadahardtimeseeingtheblackboardinclass.RosaandNicksatnexttoher.Ruthaskedthemto_1theblackboardforhereveryday.Oneday,theirteachersaid,"Ruth,Ithinkyoushouldgoto_2aneyedoctor."Afewdayslater,Ruthandhermotherwenttoaneyedoctor's_3Ononesideofthedarkroomwasachairwithamachineinfrontofit.ThedoctortoldRuthto_4_inthechair.Dr.Rileymovedthe_5overtoRuth.Partofthemachinelookedlikeamask.Dr.RileytoldRuthtolook_6_themaskandreadsomelettersonthewall._7Dr.Rileyturnedsomedials,thelettersbecameblurryandthenclear.Dr.RileyturnedthedialsuntilRuthsaidthattheletterswere_8.AfterDr.Riley_9theexamination,hetookRuthtoanotherroom.Therehe_10Ruthtopickoutframesforherglasses.Ruth_11redframes.Dr.RileytoldRuththatherglasseswouldbe_12inafewdays.Threedayslater,Ruthgotherglasses.She_13thewayshelookedwithherglasses.Sheworethemtoschool."I'mgladthatyou_14haveglasses,"Rosasaid."Nowyoucanseetheblackboardclearlyby_15."Nicksaid.Theyalllaughed.1.A.learnB.drawC.cleanD.read2.A.becomeB.seeC.serveD.invite3.A.homeB.partyC.meetingD.office4.A.talkB.playC.sitD.seep5.A.chairB.machineC.foodD.medicine6.A.throughB.aboutC.forD.after7.A.IfB.UntilC.AsD.But8.A.freshB.differentC.funnyD.clear9.A.finishedB.organizedC.acceptedD.improved10.A.caughtB.helpedC.expectedD.orderedl1.A.missedB.brokeC.choseD.found12.A.popularB.oldC.expensiveD.ready13.A.likedB.discussedC.lostD.shared14.A.luckilyB.quietlyC.finallyD.easily15.A.meB.myselfC.youD.yourself.blackboardn.黑板maskn.面具lettern.字母dialn.刻度盘blurryadj.模糊不清的examinationn.检查framesn.眼镜框本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Ruth眼睛近视看医生配眼镜的过程，以及看医生前后在学校发生的故事。该篇章为并列式结构。即开篇介绍了Ruth眼睛近视，然后讲述了她和妈妈去看医生配眼镜的过程，最后介绍了戴上眼镜后Rut看清了黑板。1.D。因为看不清黑板上的字，所以Ruth让邻桌Rosa和Nick帮她读（read）黑板上的字。2.B。老师建议Ruth去看（see）眼科医生。3D。几天后，妈妈和Ruth去了眼科医生的办公室office）4.C。医生让她坐（sit）在椅子上。5.B。根据设空处后一句Partofthemachinelookedlikeamask可知，医生移动机器（machine）到Ruth面前。6.A。医生让Ruth透过（（through）面罩去看，并读出墙上的字母7.C。随着（As）医生转动刻度盘，字母从模糊不清变得清晰了。as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”8.D。医生转动刻度盘直到Ruth说能看清（clear）字母了才停止。9A。医生做完（finished）检查后，把Ruth带到另一个房间。10.B。在那里，医生帮助(helped）Ruth挑选眼镜框。11.C。Ruth挑选（chose）了一副红色的眼镜框。12.D。医生告诉她们过几天眼镜就做好了（ready）13.A。根据设空处后一句Sheworethemtoschool可知，Ruth喜欢（liked戴眼镜的感觉。14.C。Rosa说：“我很开心你终于（（finally）带上眼镜了。”15.D。Nick说：“现在，你可以独自（byyourself）看清黑板上的字了。”byoneself是固定搭配，意为“单独；独自”利用固定搭配解题固定搭配是英语中某种固定的结构形态，不能随意改动。这就要求同学们在平时的学习过程中不断积累，掌握常考的固定搭配，考试中才能从容解题。本篇第15空的haveagoodtime是固定搭配，意为“过得愉快”。如果同学们已经掌握了这个表达，那么做起这一题就可以手到擒来，也可为做其他较难的题目腾出时间。buttripquestionIhurtrealshakewithalwayshealthTeethareveryimportanttous.Tokeepourteeth1._________weneedtogotothedentistoften.Somekidsareafraidtogotothedentist,2.________notme.Ihaveafunnydentist.HisnameisDr.Smileyface.Idon'tthinkthat'shis3._____name,butthat'swhathetellsthekids.Hehasacoolwailingroom4.______computergamesandabigtoybox.Heaskskidsfunny5.___________like,"What'syourjob?"and"Doyoueatflowerstomakeyourbreathsmellgood"Onetime,Iwenttogetoneofmyteethpulled.Dr.Smileyfacelet6.______liedownandasked,"Whathaslotsofteeth,butnevergoestothedentist?"17.______myhead."Acomb!"hesaid.When1laughedloudly,hepulledmytooth.Itdidn't8._________atall.Dr.SmileyfacealsotellsmetobrushmyteetheverydaysoIdon'tgetacavitythesizeoftheGrandCanyon.WhenIleave,he9._________sendsmehomewithasurprise.Lasttime,itwasarubberspider.Itscaredmymomalot.Nowshe'safraidofmy10._______tothedentist!.smellv.闻起来pullv.拔出combn.核子cavityn.洞rubberspider橡胶蜘蛛1.health 2.but 3.real4.with5.questions 6.me 7.shook 8.hurt 9.always 10.tripMrs.Millerwas70yearsold.Shelivedalone,sosometimesshefeltlonely