2022河北省邢台市高考英语暑假阅读(6)及答案

阅读理解。阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。【2022·江西省九江市高三班级模拟考试】Manypeoplethinkofthebrainasamystery.Theydon’tknowmuchaboutintelligenceandhowitworks.Whentheydothinkaboutwhatintelligenceis，manypeoplebelievethatapersonisbornsmart，average，ordumb—andstaysthatwayinthewholelife.Butnewresearchshowsthatthebrainismorelikeamuscle—itchangesandgetsstrongerwhenyouuseit.Andscientistshavebeenabletoshowjusthowthebraingrowsandgetsstrongerwhenyoulearn.Everyoneknowsthatwhenyouliftweights，yourmusclesgetbiggerandyougetstronger.Apersonwhocan’tlift20poundswhenhe/shestartsexercisingcangetstrongenoughtolift100poundsafterworkingoutforalongtime.That’sbecausethemusclesbecomelargerandstrongerwithexercise.Andwhenyoustopexercising，themusclesshrinkandyougetweaker.That’swhypeoplesay“Useitorloseit！”Butmostpeopledon’tknowthatwhentheypracticeandlearnnewthings，partsoftheirbrainchangeandgetlargeralotlikemusclesdowhentheyexercise.Insidethecortex(皮层)ofthebrainarebillionsoftinynervecells，calledneurons.Thenervecellshavebranchesconnectingthemtoothercellsinacomplicatednetwork.Communicationbetweenthesebraincellsiswhatallowsustothinkandsolveproblems.Whenyoulearnnewthings，thesetinyconnectionsinthebrainactuallymultiplyandgetstronger.Themoreyouchallengeyourmindtolearn，themoreyourbraincellsgrow.Then，thingsthatyouoncefoundveryhardorevenimpossibletodo—likespeakingaforeignlanguageordoingalgebra(代数)—seemtobecomeeasyafterlearningthemforaperiodoftime.Theresultisastronger，smarterbrain.Scientistsstartedthinkingthatthehumanbraincoulddevelopandchangewhentheystudiedanimals’brains.Theyfoundoutthatanimalsthatlivedinachallengingenvironmentweremore“perspicacious”—theywerebetteratsolvingproblemsandlearningnewthings.1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph，________.A．thefunctionofourbrainislikethatofthemuscleB．untilnowit’simpossibletoexplainthebrain’smysteryC．manypeoplebelieveone’sintelligenceisnaturallydeterminedD．one’sbraingrowsstrongerastheageincreases2．Trainingmusclesiscomparedto________.A．usingthebrainB．connectingthingsinyourbrainC．liftingweightsD．doingresearchaboutthebrain3．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thecomplexstructureofthebrain.B．Howchangesinthemusclesaffectthebrain.C．Theimportanceofthebrain.D．Howthebrainbecomesstrongerbylearningnewthings.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perspicacious”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Strong. B．Smart.C．Popular. D．Active.5．Thefollowingparagraphwillmostprobablytalkabout________.A．thedifferencesbetweenanimals’brainsandhumans’brainsB．therelationbetweenhumanbrainsandmusclesC．scientists’findingsaboutanimals’brainsD．howtomakeyourbrainsmarterthroughself­development语篇解读科学争辩发觉，经常学习能促进大脑的发育，正如经常熬炼能使肌肉更强健一样。1．解析：考查推理推断。依据第一段中的“manypeoplebelievethatapersonisbornsmart，average，ordumb—andstaysthatwayinthewholelife.”可知C项正确。答案：C2．解析：考查细节理解。依据第一段中的“Butnewresearchshowsthatthebrainismorelikeamuscle—itchangesandgetsstrongerwhenyouuseit.”可知答案。答案：A3．解析：考查段落大意。本段具体描述了大脑如何通过练习和学习新事物而发生变化，从而变得更灵敏。答案：D4．解析：考查词义猜想。依据破折号后面的“theywerebetteratslovingproblemsandlearningnewthings”可知，该词应为“敏锐的”之意。答案：B5．解析：考查推理推断。最终一段提出科学家是从争辩动物的大脑得出的结论，因此下一段最可能进一步描述这些争辩成果。答案：C.。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。ROME:ThelegendofLeonardodaVinciiscoveredinmystery:Howdidhedie?AretheremainsburiedinaFrenchcastlereallythoseofthemaster?Wasthe"MonaLisa"aself-portraitindisguise(伪装)?AgroupofItalianscientistsbelievethekeytosolvingthosepuzzleslieswiththeremains,andtheysaytheyareseekingpermissiontodigupthebodytoconductcarbonandDNAtesting.Iftheskullisundamaged,thescientistscangototheheartofaquestionthathasfascinatedscholarsandthepublicforcenturies:theidentityofthe"MonaLisa."RecreatingavirtualandthenphysicalreconstructionofLeonardo'sface,theycancompareitwiththesmilingfaceinthepainting."Wedon'tknowwhatwe'llfindifthetombisopened.Wecouldevenjustfindgrainsanddust,"saysGiorgioGruppioni,ananthropologistwhoisparticipatingintheproject."Butiftheremainsarewellkept,theyareabiologicalrecordofeventsinaperson'slife,andsometimesintheirdeath."SilvanoVinceti,theleaderofthegroup,saidthatheplanstopresshiscasewiththeFrenchofficialsinchargeofthesaidburialsiteatAmboiseLeonardomovedtoFranceattheinvitationofKingFrancisI,whonamedhim"firstpaintertotheking."Hespentthelastthreeyearsofhislifethere,anddiedin1519atage67.Theartist'soriginalburialplace,thepalacechurchof"TheAmboisetombisasymbolictomb;it'sabigquestionmark,"saidAlessandroVezzosi,thedirectorofamuseumdedicatedtoLeonardoinhishometownofVinci.Vezzosisaidthatinvestigatingthetombcouldhelpidentifytheartist'sboneswithcertaintyandsolveotherquestions,suchasthecauseofhisdeath.Hesaidheaskedtoopenthetombin2004tostudytheremains,buttheAmboiseCastleturnedhimdown.Thegroupof100expertsinvolvedintheproject,calledtheNationalCommitteeforHistoricalandArtisticHeritage,wascreatedin2003withtheaimof"solvingthegreatmysteriesofthepast,"saidVinceti,whohaswrittenbooksonartandliterature.Arguablytheworld'smostfamouspainting,the"MonaLisa"hangsintheLouvreinParis,whereitdrewsome8.5millionvisitorslastyear.Mysteryhassurroundedtheidentityofthepainting'ssubjectforcenturies,withopinionsrangingfromthewifeofaFlorentinemerchanttoLeonardo'sownmother.ThatLeonardointendedthe"MonaLisa"asaself-portraitindisguiseisapossibilitythathasinterestedanddividedscholars.Theorieshaveexisted:SomethinkthatLeonardo'stastefortricksandriddlesmighthaveledhimtohidehisownidentitybehindthatpuzzlingsmile;othershaveguessedthatthepaintinghidanandrogynouslover.Ifgrantedaccesstothegravesite,theItalianexpertsplantouseatinycameraandradartoconfirmthepresenceofbones.Thescientistswouldthenexhume(挖掘)theremainsandattempttodatetheboneswithcarbontesting.AttheheartoftheproposedstudyistheefforttodiscoverwhethertheremainsareactuallyLeonardo's,includingwithDNAtesting.Ks*5uVezzosiquestionstheDNAcomparison,sayingheisunawareofanydirectdescendants(后代)ofLeonardooroftombsthatcouldbeattributedwithcertaintytotheartist'scloserelatives.GruppionisaidthatDNAfromthebonescouldalsoeventuallybecomparedtoDNAfoundelsewhere.Forexample,Leonardoisthoughttohaverubbedcolorsonthecanvaswithhisthumb,possiblyusingsaliva(唾液),meaningDNAmightbefoundonhispaintings.EvenintheabsenceofDNAtesting,othertestscouldprovideusefulinformation,includingwhetherthebonesbelongedtoamanorawoman,andwhetherthepersondiedyoungorold.Evenwithinthecommittee,expertsaredividedovertheidentityofthe"MonaLisa."Vincetibelievesthatatraditionofconsideringtheself-portraittobenotjustafaithfulimitationofone'sfeaturesbutarepresentationofone'sspiritualidentitymayhaveresonated(共鸣)withLeonardo.Vezzosi,themuseumdirector,dismissedas"baselessandsenseless"theideathatthe"MonaLisa"couldbeaself-portraitofLeonardo.Hesaidmostresearchersbelievethewomanmayhavebeeneitherawifeoftheartist'ssponsor,theFlorentinenoblemanGiulianodeMedici,orLisaGherardini,thewifeofarichsilkmerchant,FrancescodelGiocondo.Thetraditionalviewisthatthename"MonaLisa"comesfromthesilkmerchant'swife,aswellasitsItalianname:"LaGioconda."50．Whydoestheauthoraskacoupleofquestionsinthebeginning? A．Toarousetheinterestofreaders. B．TopuzzleItalianscientists. C．Toanswerthequestionshimself. D．TomakefunofFrenchofficials.51．Thebesttitleofthisstorymightbe“_____”. A．WhatIsthePurposeofanInvestigation? B．HowDidLeonardodaVinciDieinFrance? C．AretheRemainsReallyThoseoftheMaster? D．DidLeonardoPaintHimselfas'MonaLisa'?52．Thesentence“heplanstopresshiscasewiththeFrenchofficials”(underlinedinParagraph4)suggeststhatVincetiintendsto_____. A．presstheFrenchofficialstoparticipateintheirproject B．urgetheFrenchofficialstoopenthetombearlynextweek C．persuadetheFrenchofficialstoallowopeningthetomb D．recordeventsinaperson’slifewiththeFrenchofficials53．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage? A．ScholarshavethesameopiniononDNAtesting. B．ScientistsdoubtiftheremainsarethoseofdaVinci. C．Theidentityof“MonaLisa”hasalreadybeenproved. D．AlessandroVezzosigotpermissiontoopenthetomb.54．Wecaninferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat_____? A．“MonaLisa”isthenameofthewifeofasilkmerchant B．the“MonaLisa”isaself-portraitofLeonardodaVinci C．expertsdividedthecommitteeintoseveralgroups D．opinionsdifferoftheidentityofthe“MonaLisa”【答案】题号41424344456647484950答案ADBBBADDAA题号51525354555657585960答案DCBDBBCDAD【2022四川省资阳市第一次诊断性考试】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）请你改正下面短文中的错误。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DearEditor,IusedtobeahappylittlegirlandnowI’mshyandsayafewwords.WhenIwaseleven,Ilostoneofthefrontteethanditreplacedbyafalseone.Nooneknowsaboutitexcepttwoofmyfriend.However,Ifoundithardtofacethembecausetheyknowmysecret.WhenIspeakatthem,theyoftenstareatmymouth,whatmakesmefeeluneasy.IamafraidofmakenewfriendsasIthinktheywilllaughatme.SometimeIevenwanttokillmeindeed.WhatshouldIdo?LiHua【参考答案】DearEditor,IusedtobeahappylittlegirlandnowI’mshyandsayafewwords.butWhenIwaseleven,Ilostoneofthefrontteethandit∧replacedbyafalseone.Noonewasknowsaboutitexcepttwoofmyfriend.However,Ifoundithardtofacethembecausetheyfriendsfindknowmysecret.WhenIspeakatthem,theyoftenstareatmymouth,whatmakesmefeeltowhichuneasy.IamafraidofmakenewfriendsasIthinktheywilllaughatme.SometimeIevenwantmakingSometimestokillmeindeed.WhatshouldIdo?myself二、评分意见1.未标注符号或符号标注不规范一律不给分。2.答题位置（需修改的词下方或需添加位置的下方）不对（如答在上方或相距甚远的位置）一律不给分。【2022浙江省宁波市八校联考】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。留意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。例如：Itwasverynicetogetyourinvitationtospend∧weekendwithyou.LuckilyIthewascompletelyfreethen,soI’lltosay“yes”.I’llarriveinBristolataround8pminFriday.amonNowadays，peopleinmanybigcitiesarecomplainingtheheavytraffic.Ithasseriousinfluencedpeopledailylifeandeconomicdevelopment.Tosolvethepr