2021贵阳市高考英语语法填空、短文改错、阅读类训练(6)及答案

2021贵阳市高考英语语法填空、短文改错、阅读类训练（6）及答案语法填空阅读下面短文，依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡括号为16-25的相应位置上。Therearetimeswhenpeoplearesotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.Wecanseealotofpeoplesleepingonthebusortrainontheirwayhome__16__workintheevening.Amanwillbereadingthenewspaper,andsecondslateritappearsasifheistryingtoeatit.Orhewillfallasleepontheshoulderofthestrangersittingnexttohim.Anotherplacewhere__17__(plan)shortsleepgoesonisinthelecturehall__18__astudentwillstartsnoringsoloudlythattheprofessorhastoask__19__studenttoshakethesleeperawake.Amore__20__(embarrass)situationoccurswhenastudentstartsfallingintosleepand__21__weightoftheheadpushesthearmoffthedesk,andthemovementcarriestherestofthebodyalong.Thestudentwakesuponthefloorwithnomemoryofgettingthere.The__22__(bad)timetofallasleepiswhendriving.Policereportsarefullofaccidentsthatoccurwhenpeoplefallintosleepandgoofftheroad.__23__thedriversarelucky,theyarenotseriouslyhurt.Onewoman’scar,forexample,wentintotheriver.Shewokeupinfourfeetofwaterandthoughtthatit__24__(rain).Whenpeoplearereallytired,__25__willstopthemfromfallingasleep—nomatterwheretheyare.【参考答案】语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）16.from/after 17.unplanned 18.where 19. another 20.embarrassing21.the 22.worst 23.If 24.wasraining 25.nothing（任何与答案不相符的都不对，包括字母的大小写。）【2021届广东省高三上期末华附、省实、广雅、深中四校联考】完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从16—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Wecannotescapehearingandseeingbrokennessinthisworld.Weareremindeddailythatashumanswearemorefragilethanwewouldwantto16,andareexposedtobeingbrokenonadailybasisor17othersdirectlyorindirectly.We’veall18someformofbrokenness,andweknowofotherswhohave.Forsomepeople,brokennesshasbeenablessingindisguise.Though19itmakesthemweak,thelong-termstrengthisincreased,whichmakesthema20person.Forsome,ittakesthemdownhard,pushingthemto21fromsocietyandsometimesself-destructivehabitsareformed.Mental,emotional,financial,spiritualandphysicalbrokennessaffectseveryoneatsomepointonourjourneyoflife.The22backtowholenessafteranencounterwithbrokennesscanbepositiveornegative,bitterorbetter.Sodoesthismeanthemeasureofrecoveryfromthebrokenness23onthetypeofbrokenness?Myanswerisno.NelsonMandelawaskeptinprisonfalselyfor27yearsintotal---butlookattheendofhislife.Hemusthave24someformofbrokennessatsomepointbuttodayhislifespeaksofwholeness.Hisabilitytocomebackasa25personspeaksforitself.Therearemenandwomenwhohavereturnedfromwarwithlimbs26,mental,socialandemotional27,buttodaythey’restillwhole.Inrelationships,heartsarebrokenbutpeopledealhealthilywiththeirbrokennessand28toletwhathasbrokenthemkeptthembroken.They’ve29.Sure,it’sa(n)30tosurviveanyformofbrokennessbutbelievingyouareworthbetterandwiththerightsupportsystem,wecanbemadewholeagain.16.A.conclude B.expect C.admit D.prove【答案】C【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。conclude推断；expect期望；admit牵强承认；prove证明。依据wearemorefragile可知，此处是指人类比我们所情愿承认的更脆弱，故选C。17.A.breaking B.wounding C.interrupting D.affecting【答案】A【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。breaking破坏，挫伤；wounding损害；interrupting打断；affecting影响。由空前的beingbroken和空后的others可知，此处应填breaking。此处论述了我们每天都面临着被挫伤或挫伤别人。18.A.finished B.experienced C.shared D.changed【答案】B【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。finished完成；experienced经受；shared共享；changed转变。由下文的论述可知，此处指我们在生活中都“经受”过某种形式的挫折，我们也知道其他人患病过的挫折。19.A.inconveniently B.slowly C.dangerously D.temporarily【答案】D【解析】考查副词及语境理解的力气。inconveniently不便利的；slowly慢地；dangerously危急地；temporarily临时地。由上句中的ablessingindisguise和空后的thelong-term可知，对于有些人来说，遇到挫折就像塞翁失马，焉知非福，因此脆弱只是临时的，故选D。20.A.richer B.busier C.calmer D.better【答案】D【解析】考查形容词及语境理解的力气。richer更丰富的；busier更忙的；calmer更安静的；better更好的。实力增加自然会使他们成为更加优秀的人，故选D。21.A.survive B.withdraw C.suffer D.stop【答案】B【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。survive存活；withdraw收回，退出，撤退；suffer患病；stop停止。由空前的takesthemdownhard和空后的self-destructive推断，这里说明的是那些无法承受打击的人的状况。由此推断，他们遇到打击后会一蹶不振，渐渐脱离社会。22.A.road B.signal C.idea D.direction【答案】A【解析】考查名词及语境理解的力气。road道路；signal信号；idea想法；direction方向，指导。由空后的backtowholeness推断，此处应用road，表示由残缺恢复到完满之“路”，故选A。23.A.insist B.turn C.look D.depends【答案】D【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。insist坚持；turn转动；look看；dependson依靠，取决于。前面说到，恢复的过程可能是乐观的也可能是消极的，可能是苦痛的，也可能是幸福的，可能是健康的也可能是不健康的。由此作者提出问题：那么这是否意味着从挫折中恢复过来的方法取决于我们遇到的挫折的类型呢？24.A.accepted B.faced C.predicted D.remembered【答案】B【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。accepted接受；faced面临，面对；predicted猜想；remembered记住。由于曼德拉一生坎坷，他确定在某个时候患病过某种形式的挫折，所以才会以他为例。25.A.whole B.political C.clever D.healthy【答案】A【解析】考查形容词及语境理解的力气。whole完满的，整个的；political政治的；clever聪慧的；healthy健康的。依据上文todayhislifespeaksofwholeness(现在他的人生堪称完满)可知，作者认为他现在是一个完满的人，故选A。26.A.shaking B.missing C.stretching D.growing【答案】B【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。shaking摇动；missing残缺的；stretching伸长；growing生长。依据常识可知从战斗中回来的一些男女他们的四肢残缺，故选B。27.A.powers B.abilities C.challenges D.failures【答案】C【解析】考查名词及语境理解的力气。powers权利；abilities力气；challenges挑战；failures失败。从战场上退下来的人，除了肢体的残缺外，应当还会遇到精神、社会和情感上的问题，因此此处用challenge（挑战）合适，故选C。28.A.choose B.hesitate C.mean D.refuse【答案】D【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。choose选择；hesitate迟疑；mean打算，意味着；refuse拒绝。由buttodaytheyarestillwhole可知，他们并没有任由这种残缺连续下去，而是以健康的方式对待，拒绝让那些损害他们的人或事使他们一蹶不振。故选D。29.A.movedon B.litup C.givenin D.calmeddown【答案】A【解析】考查动词及语境理解的力气。movedon连续向前；litup点火；givenin屈服；calmeddown安静下来。由上文可知，他们抚平了过去的创伤，不抛弃、不放弃，勇往直前。故选A。30.A.opportunity B.process C.fight D.attempt【答案】C【解析】考查名词及语境理解的力气。opportunity机会；process过程；fight战斗，斗志；attempt尝试。依据上文和空后的tosurviveanyformofbrokenness可知，从任何形式的挫折中生存下来都是一场战斗（fight）。故选C。阅读理解阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Medicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger(引发)thisrelease，includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear­infraredlight(NIR,近红外线)onthedruginthecapsule. Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn'tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet(UV,紫外线)orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges. ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIR­absorbinggroupcalledo­nitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyaso­soNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer. SoAlmutairiandhercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat'sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反应的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalight­absorbingcompoundcalledBhc.WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.Shiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What'smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetteratabsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttrigger?A.Temperaturechange.B.NIRlight.C.Aciditychange.D.UVlight.2.WhyisONBunsatisfactory?A.ItbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.B.Itfallsoffthepolymerandtriggersdrugrelease.C.Ithasnotcomeontothemarketuptillnow.D.Itisnoteffectiveenoughandcouldbepoisonous.3.Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofchanges?eq\x(BhcsabsorbNIR.)⇨eq\x(Partofthecresolis.)⇨eq\x(Polymerbreaksdown.)⇨eq\x(Drugisreleased.)A.protectedB.formedC.exposedD.combined【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加平安、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。1.B信息理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear­infraredlight(NIR，近红外线)onthedruginthecapsule.”可知答案。 2.D推理推断题。依据第三段最终两句“…ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.”和“…anditcouldbepoisonoustocells…”可知答案。 3.C信息理解题。依据最终一段第五句“WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。模拟短文改错Usuallymostdiversdon’tgoverydeep.Mainlytheydiveto 1．adepthofabout20meter.Thentheyswamaroundastheyslowly 2．returntothesurface.Everyonewantstodivemustfirsthavediving 3．lesso