江苏省南京市玄武区2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题

英语练习卷注意事项：●本试卷共11页，全卷满分120分，考试时间为120分钟。试卷包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。●请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。●答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。第Ⅰ卷选择题（共60分）一、听力（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）听对话回答第1—10小题。每段对话听两遍。1.Whatisthegirl'sfatherbusydoing?A.B.C.2.Whichcharityismentionedintheconversation?A.B.C.3.Whathastheboy'sgrandfatherjustreceived?A.B.C.4.Whatcanthemangetforfree?A.B.C.5.Whichmeansoftransportaretheytalkingabout?A.B.C.6.WhatdoesthemanthinkofthepeopleinTokyo?A.Theyarerude.B.Theyhavegoodmanners.C.Theyobeyalltherules.7.WhatkindofbooksdoesMichaellike?A.Helikesbooksabouthistory.B.Helikesbooksaboutschoollife.C.Helikesbooksaboutgreatpeople.8.Whencanthewomantakeatrainback?A.3：30p.m.B.4：00p.m.C.4：30p.m.9.Howlonghastheman'swifeworkedinthefactory?A.8years.B.10years.C.12years.10.Whatdoesthenewlawprotect?A.Animals.B.Children.C.TheEnvironment.听一段对话，回答第11—12小题。听两遍。11.WhenwasChina'sProjectHopestarted?A.In1989.B.In1999.C.In2006.12.WhatdoesLiuQiangusuallydotohelpthepoorchildren?A.Hesellshisbookstomakemoney.B.Hedoesapart-timejobinProjectHope.C.Hedonateshispocketmoneyandsomeotherthings.听第一篇短文，回答第13—16小题。听两遍。ANEWSNOOPYSHOWAgreatsuccessTheSnoopyseriesfirstcameout13.Whenandwheretoseetheshow13Thespecialprogrammecanbeseenon14ontheChannelofAppleTV+.WhattoseeintheshowCharlieandfriendswanttoplaya15gamebutCharlie's16Sallynoticesasmallfloweranddecidestoprotectit.13.A.onTVB.inabookC.innewspapers14.A.15MayB.15AprilC.16April15.A.basketballB.baseballC.soccer16.AsisterB.friendC.dog听第二篇短文，回答第17—20小题。听两遍。17.Bridgepaintersneedtobringthefollowingthingstoworkexcept__________.A.Specialtools.B.Specialclothes.C.Specialdrinks.18.Whatdoesabridgepainterhavetodobeforepaintingafamousbridge?A.Hehastogotocollegeforeducation.B.Heneedstoworkwithotherpainters.C.Heneedstohavealotofexperience.19.Whocannotbeabridgepainter?A.Apersonwhoistooshort.B.Apersonwhoisafraidofheights.C.Apersonwholikesworkingoutdoors.20.Whatcanabridgepainterdoduringwork?A.Eatordrink.B.Gotothebathroom.C.Seeviewsfaraway.二、单项选择（满分15分，每小题1分）21.—Couldyoumanage,ifyoudon'tmind,________theworkontime?—Noworries,I'mworkingonit.A.finishB.finishedC.finishingD.tofinish22.—Howdidyoulearntodocomputerprogramming?—________takinganonlinecourse.Ihavealreadylearnttodesignsomeapps________thisway.A.By;onB.By;inC.With;inD.With;on23.AIwillsurelyplayanimportantroleinourfuturelives.Butit________beusedinaproperway.A.canB.willC.needD.must24.Leonardo,famousasanartist,alsosucceededinmanyotherdifferentfields,________BiologyandGeography.A.includeB.includedC.includingD.toinclude25.Shewasilllastweek.Butsheis________togotoschooltoday.A.wellenoughB.enoughwellC.goodenoughD.enoughgood26.Accordingtothelocalgovernment,lotsofnewrailways________inordertoimprovethetrafficsituationinthenextfiveyears.A.builtB.willbuildC.willbebuiltD.havebeenbuilt27.—ThecarsmadeinGermanyaremoreexpensivethan________madeinJapan.—Yes,youareright.ButGermancarsseemsafer.A.itB.onesC.thatD.those28.Wearegoingoutforapicnictomorrow.I'llcallSimontomakesure________tomeet.A.whyB.whatC.whenD.which29.TherestaurantinDejiPlaza________fortwomonths,butI________theresofar.A.hasopened;haven'tgoneB.hasbeenopen;haven'tbeenC.hasbeenopened;haven'tbeenD.hasbeenopen;haven'tbeento30.—Canyoutellmehowtosavewater?—Ofcourse.Forexample,collectrainwateror________thewatertodosomecleaningafter________yourface.A.reuse;washB.reuse;washingC.reusing;washD.reusing;washing31.Attention!Please!Withoutpermission,children________inthelake.A.don'tallowtoswimB.don'tallowswimmingC.arenotallowedtoswimD.arenotallowedtoswimming32.—Let'sgotothezoothisweekend?—Dad,yousaidsolastweekandtheweekbefore.________.A.Nopain,nogainB.PracticemakesperfectC.ItneverrainsbutpoursD.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords33.Thereisa________inthesentence"Othernaturalresourceslikecoal,oilandnaturalgasdigupfromtheground."A.missingwordB.spellingmistakeC.wordusagemistakeD.grammaticalmistake34.Ifyouwanttodescribetheinsideoftheschoollibrary,you'dbetterorganizetheideasin________.A.spaceorderB.timeorderC.generaltospecificD.specifictogeneral35.—Itshouldn'ttakelongtoclearupifweallvolunteertohelp.—________.Manyhandsmakelightwork.A.I'mnotsureB.I'mafraidnotC.OfcoursenotD.Ican'tagreemore三、完型填空（满分10分，每小题1分）Jellyfisharebadlynamed.Theyareneitherafishnormadeofjelly.Instead,theirbodiesare3695%waterand5%solidmatter.Theyhavebeeninexistenceforatleasthalfabillionyears.Yes,theyare37thandinosaurs.Surprisingly,theydon'thaveabrain,aheart,orlungs（肺）.Youmaywonderhowtheycanpossiblysurvivewithoutthesevitalorgans,but38isforthebest.Theydon'thavelungsbecausetheirskinis39thinthattheycanabsorb（吸收）oxygenthroughit.Theydon'tneedahearttopumpbloodbecausetheydon'thaveany.Andtheyhaveanervenet—whichissensitivetotouch—belowtheirouterskin.Theyrespondtothechangesintheirenvironmentusingsignalsfromthenervenet,sotheydon'tneeda40toprocesscomplexthoughts.Theirvarietyisnearlyendless.Mostofthemareumbrella—shapedandhavetentacles（触角）.Somejellyfishhaveverylongtentacles.41,theynevergettangleduporstingthemselves.That'sbecausethetentaclesareveryslippery（滑的）andwillonlystingotheranimals.Mostjellyfishhave42ornovision,buttheycandetectlightandoceancurrents,whichhelpsthemtonavigateandmove.Afewspeciescanalsorecognizecolourandhavea360-degreeviewoftheirenvironment.Jellyfishcomeinall43,from0.5millimeterstothegiantNomura'sjellyfish,whichcanmeasureuptotwometersindiameterandweighover200kilograms.Whilejellyfisharebeautiful,theycanalsobe44.Somejellyfishtoxinscanbedeadlytohumans,suchasthosefromtheboxjellyfishandtheAustralianIrukandji,butdeathsarerelativelyraregiventhenumberofjellyfish-stingvictimseveryyear.Inanycase,it'sbettertostay45thewayofanyjellyfishyoumaysee!Youcangoswimmingwithdolphins,butyoudefinitelywanttothinktwicebeforeswimmingwithjellyfish.36.A.madeinB.madeofC.madefromD.madeupof37.A.olderB.biggerC.smallerD.younger38.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everything39.A.soB.tooC.suchD.very40.A.lungB.brainC.heartD.tentacle41.A.ButB.AnywayC.HoweverD.Otherwise42.A.goodB.muchC.littleD.alittle43.A.typesB.sizesC.looksD.colours44.A.pleasantB.dangerousC.surprisingD.interesting45.A.inB.onC.awayD.outof四、阅读理解（满分15分，每小题1分）（A）46.WherecanyoutakepartintheactivityLostandFound?A.AtArtsCouncilofEngland.B.Atmayor'sofficeofLondon.C.AtLondonTransportMuseum.D.AtLondonTransport'sLostPropertyOffice.47.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtotheposter?A.Childrendon'tneedtopayforthetickets.B.Theactivitywilllastformorethantwoweeks.C.YoucanmeetEmilyRandandKateWilkinson.D.Thethingsonshowaredonatedbychildren'sauthors.（B）AfterhercollegeclosedforthefirstlockdowninMarch2020,FintyRoylewaslookingforsomethingtodoinhercommunitytohelppeople.Whenalocalcompanysaidthatitwantedsomeonetodeliverfreemealsforfamiliesinneed,itwasperfectforRoyle.Shecycled25milesaroundherareaeverydaytohandoutthemeals.SpeakingtoTheWeekJunior,shesaid,"Thechildrengotveryexcitedtoseemeeveryday.Therewasevenonefamilywhohadfeedsdrawnapictureinchalkofsomeonecyclingthrougharainbowinfrontoftheirhouse."Royle,aged19,hasnowbecomeayouthmemberofacharitycalledMagicBreakfast,whichaimstoprovidepupilsacrosstheUKwithhealthybreakfaststohelpthemlearnaswellastheycanatschool.Shesaysthebestthingyoucanhaveforbreakfastisporridgebecauseit'sgoodforyouanditkeepsyougoingforthewholemorning.MagicBreakfast'syouthmembers,includingRoyle,havewrittentoPrimeMinisterBorisJohnsontoaskhimtoincreasetheGovernment'sfundingforfreeschoolbreakfastsby£75million.AsfoodpricesriseacrosstheUK.morefamiliesmayfindithardtoaffordschoolmeals.Roylebelievesitisimportanttotryyourbesttohelpyourlocalcommunity."Youcancreatechangeyourself,"shesaid.48.Fromthetext,weknowthatBorisJohnsonis________________.A.acollegestudentB.anartistdrawingwithchalkC.thePrimeMinisteroftheUKD.adelivermaninalocalcompany49.MagicBreakfastwassetupinorderto________________.A.deliverfreemealsforfamiliesintheircommunityB.helppoorchildrentolearnwithoutworryingaboutmealsC.increasetheGovernment'sfundingforfreeschoolbreakfastD.writetothePrimeMinistertoincreasetheGovernment'sfunding50.Morefamiliesmayfindithardtoaffordschoolmealsbecause________________.A.ThereisalockdownintheUKB.FoodpricesarebecominghigherC.Theschoolsdon'twanttoprovidefreemealsD.MagicBreakfastonlydeliverfreemealstopoorfamilies（C）Whatdidyourstreetlooklikeahundredyearsago?Ithasprobablychangedovertime.U.S.Route66wasaroadthatsawmanychanges,too.Thisfamousroadhasbeenwrittenaboutinbooks.IthasbeenthesubjectofTVshowsandsongs.Route66stretched2,448miles（3,940km）acrosstheUnitedStates,anditcarriedalotofhistory.Forhundredsofyears,nativeAmericansfollowedanimaltrackstohunt.Later,mountainmenblazedtrailsalongthesamepathsinordertosettheirfurtraps.Nextcamethepioneersmovingwestinwagons.GoldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniain1849.Peopleusedthesameroutetoseektheirfortunes（财富）there.About10yearslater,railroadswerebuiltalongtheflatandwideroute.In1908,HenryFordbegantomanufactureautomobiles.Motoriststookoffintothecountryside.Theywantedtodriveonpavedroads!In1926,Route66becameanofficialU.S.highway.ItwasthefirstpavedroadtorunallthewayfromIllinoistoCalifornia.Duringthe1930sand'40s,peopledrovewestonU.S.Route66.Theywerelookingforworkonfarmsandinwartimeplants.Inthe1950sand'60s,manyAmericansenjoyedtakingroadtrips.TheydrovealongRoute66tovisittheGrandCanyonandDisneyland.Wider,straighter,andsaferhighwayswerebuilt.OldRoute66wasusedlessandless.In1985,itwasofficiallyremovedfromtheU.S.highwaysystem.ThepartsthatstillexisttodayarecalledHistoricRoute66.MostoftheoldRoute66fillingstations,diners,andmotelsareclosed.ButU.S.Route66isstillrememberedasaroadofdreamsthatcarriedpeoplewest.51.U.S.Route66isimportantinAmericabecause________________.A.itrecordspartofthehistoryB.itisapavedroadtothewestC.peoplehavetousetheroadtofindgoldD.peoplehavetopassthewayacrossAmerica52.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"motorists"inParagraph3mean?A.peopleinneedofgoldB.peopledrivingcarstotravelC.thepioneersmovingwestinwagonsD.nativeAmericansfollowinganimaltracks53.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RoadtripstothewestofAmericaB.TheofficialhighwaysinAmericaC.ThehistoryofAmericanhighwaysD.AhistoricalmainroadinAmerica（D）WhatdoBatman,BlackPanther,Spider-ManandSupermanallhaveincommon?Notonlyaretheyallsuperheroes,they'reallorphanstoo.BruceWayneisinspiredtofightcrimeasBatmanafterhisparentsarekilledinarobbery.PeterParkerisraisedbyhisAuntMayandUncleBenafterhisparentsdieinaplanecrash.ThealienKal-El,otherwiseknownasSuperman,issenttoEarthbyhisparentsbeforehishomeplanetofKryptonisdestroyed.UponhisarrivalheisdiscoveredbyMarthaandJonathanKent,whoraisehimastheirown.T'chalameans"OrphanKing",afterhetakesthetitleofBlackPantherfromhislatefather.Now,anewexhibitionatLondon'sFoundlingMuseumisexploringthewayorphansareshownincomicsandothertypesartfromaroundtheworld.Openedin2004,theFoundlingMuseumwasbuiltonthesiteoftheFoundlingHospital,whichlookedafterchildrenwhohadbeenleftwithoutpeopletocareforthem."Foundling"isatermusedforchildrenwhohavebeengivenupbytheirparentsandleftsomewhereforotherstofind.TheFoundlingHospitalstillworkstodaywiththechildren'scharityCoram.Superheroes,Orphans&Origins:125YearsinComicslooksatfamousDCandMarvelcomicbookcharacters,oldnewspapercomicstrips,graphicnovelssuchasZenobiaandJapanesemangaincludingSunny.ThecollectionincludesinternationalcomicsrarelyseenintheUK,andoriginalartdrawnfortheexhibition,suchasUpinFlamesbyWoodrowPhoenix.Theexhibitionrunsuntil28August.Youhavetobookbutunder-21sgetinfree.Youcanfindoutmoreabouttheshowat/TWJ-comicorigins.54.Whousedtobecalled"OrphanKing"?A.Batman.B.Superman.C.Spider-Man.D.BlackPanther.55.Theunderlinedword"alien"inParagraph2means________________.A.asuperherowithoutparentsB.apopularcartooncharacterC.alivingthingfromotherplanetsD.asuperherowithspecialabilities56.Ifyouwanttowatchtheexhibition,youshould________________.A.readgraphicnovelssuchasZenobiaB.gotoLondon'sFoundlingMuseumdirectlyC.orderaticketbeforeyouattendtheexhibitionD.enjoyitonthewebsite/TWJ-comicorigins（E）Anewstudyhasfoundthatpeoplewholivedinancient（longago）Britainquicklyevolvedtodealwithalackofsunlight.Evolutioniswhenlivingthingschangeovertimetosurvive.JonathanTerhorstfromtheUniversityofMichiganandlainMathiesonfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania,bothintheUS,lookedatdatafromthegenesof529peoplewholivedinBritainoverthepast4,500years.DNAingenesisachemicalthatcarriesalltheinformationaboutyourbody.TheteamfoundthatthelevelsofvitaminDandcalciuminhumans'bodiesinBritainsuddenlyincreased.VitaminDisasubstancethathumansmakenaturallywhentheirskinisexposedtosunlight,andithelpsbonestogrowstraightandstrong.HumansevolvedinAfrica,wherethereisplentyofsunshine.However,whentheymovedtoplaceslikeBritain,wherethereisnotmuchsunlight,theywerefacedwithaproblem—manyofthemcouldn'tmakemuchvitaminD.TheearliestarrivalsinBritaingotvitaminDbyeatingoilyfishbutpeoplegraduallymovedtogrowingcropsinsteadoffishing.Thismadethemshortoftheessentialvitamin.Theresearchersfoundthataroundthistime,humansinBritainquicklyevolvedtohavepaleskin,whichabsorbsmorelightformakingvitaminD.Thischangewasanexampleofnaturalselection,whichiswhenhardconditionsmakeparticulargenesneededforsurvival.Thosewhohavethegenesaremorelikelytosurviveandpasstheirgenesontothenextgeneration.YoucanalsomakeupforalackofvitaminDbyeatingmorecalcium,whichhelpsbonesgrow.Milkisasourceofcalciumbuttodigest（消化）ityouneedtomakeasubstanceinyourgutcalledlactase.Manypeopleacrosstheworldcan'tmakelactasewhentheygrowup.However,thestudyfoundthatearlypeopleinBritainevolvedtokeeponproducinglactaseevenasadults.Thismeanttheycouldcarryondrinkingmilk—sotheykeptcows.Thisextracalcium,alongwiththeirpaleskin'suseofwhatsunshinetherewas,helpedthemsurvive.57.InancientBritain,peopleevolvedinorderto________________.A.havepaleskinB.takemorevitaminDC.getusedtotheweatherD.makemorelactasetodigestmilk58.Peopleshould________________,iftheycannotgetenoughvitaminD.A.drinklittlemilkB.changetheirgenesC.movetoplaceslikeBritainD.takepartinmoreoutdooractivities59.Britishpeoplehavestrongerabilitiesto________________thanmanypeopleallovertheworld.A.digestmilkB.keepcowsC.catchoilyfishD.changetheirgenes60.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage?①HumansevolvedinAfrica.②Britishpeopleevolvedtodigestmilkbetter.③Peoplestartedgrowingmorecropsinsteadoffishing.④BritishpeopleateoilyfishformorevitaminD.A.①④③②B.④②①③C.①③④②D.③①②④第II卷非选择题（共60分）五、基础知识检测（满分共25分。61—75每小题1分，76—80每小题2分。）A）根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。61.Isat____________（在……对面）himduringthemeal.62.CoronaviruscasesandCOVID-19hospitalizationsroseinrecentweeks,asOmicronsubvariantshave___________（扩散）acrosstheAmerica.63.I'llstayupallnight,if___________（必要的）,togetitfinished.64.Sheworkshardtoa___________herdreamofbecomingafamouswriter.65.Millionsofwildflowerscolourthevalleys,e___________inAprilandMay.B）根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。66.Ifyouoftenhavetrouble___________（make）adecisioninyourdailylife,justlistentothespeech,HowtoMakeaChoice,thisFridayafternoon.67.Tomwalkedintothebankand___________（tie）hisdogtoatree.68.Tomdidallhecould___________（avoid）allthepunishmentbutfailed.69.Theearthquakehasmadehundredsofpeople___________（home）.Wemusthelpthem.70.—Canyoufinishtheworkintime?—I'mnotsure.ButIwillsurelyfinishitifI___________（give）onemorehour.C）根据句子内容，从下面方框中选择适当的短语填空，使句子内容完整正确。helptranslate；fromdifferentbackgrounds；volunteeredfor；receivedsometraining；anexcitingexperienceA:WhatdidyoudoduringtheMayDayHoliday?B:Believeitornot,I71themarathoninourcity.A:Soundsgreat!Whatdidyoudothen?B:First,we72.Thenwewereableto73forforeignathletes.A:What74itwas!Whywereyouwillingtogiveupyoursparetime?B:Becauseitisbettertogivethantotake.Moreover,athletesandvolunteers75feltlikepartofonebigfamily.D）根据汉语意思翻译下列句子。76.英国人认为在别人面前插队是粗鲁的。Britishpeoplethinkit'srudeto______________________.77.对我们而言，与这些特殊运动员们密切合作，真是太棒了!It'sgreatforusto______________________.78.这架飞机也被用作一个训练中心。Thisplaneisalso______________________.79.在瑞士如玻璃类的东西被分类回收。InSwitzerland,thingslikeglassare______________________andthenrecycled.80.记住，每个人都能做些事情来做些改变。Rememberthateveryonecan______________________.六、阅读填空（满分20分，每小题1分）A）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后的空格内填入一个恰当的单词。（每空一词）InMarch2019,whileZhangMeng,aneditor,waslookingatWeibo,shefoundacomicstripthatpersonifiedChinesecharacters（汉字）bychanceandwasimmediatelyattractedbyitscreativity.Thestory,createdbyMilehemilucalledWordMan,tookplaceinaworldwherecitizens（市民）wereallChinesecharacters.Theyhadtoliveaccordingtotheoriginalmeaningsofthecharactersandradicals（thecharacters'parts）werenotallowedtolivealone.Chou,whichmeansuglinessinChinese,metafugitive（逃亡的）Tishoupang（"扌"）thatwasrunningfromtheRadicalHunters.ThetwoformedanewcharacterNiu（"扭"）.Thentheystartedanadventure（冒险）intheworldofChinesecharacters.Milehemilu,bornin1997,represents（代表）anewgenerationofwriterswhoareinspiredbyChinesetraditionalculture.Beforedevelopingastoryandthe"personality"foraChinesecharacter,Milehemiluwouldfirstlearnabouttheoriginanddevelopmentofitsmeanings.PanLiang,aneditor,noticedthatinthelastthreetofouryears,anincreasingnumberofproductsrelated（相关的）totraditionalChineseculturehavebecomepopularamongyoungpeople."Chinesetraditionalculturehasbecomeafashiontheseyearspossiblybecausepeoplefeelconfidentaboutourcountryandculture,"hesays.Forexample,YuQiuyu'sLecturesonChineseCulturepublishedin2019hassoldmorethan300,000copies.ItisasystematicexplanationofChinesetraditionalculturebytheessayistandscholar.TheTravelGuidetotheTangDynastyisalsooneofthebestsellingbooks.Inaninterestingandcreativeway,ittalksaboutthehistoricalbackgroundandsocialandculturalknowledgemorethan1,000yearsago.PansaysalthoughtherearealotofbooksabouttraditionalChinesecultureinthemarket,onlyifyoungpeoplecanfinditinterestingtoreadthemcanthesebookssellwell.Theclassicswillfinallystayafterthesiftingtime,but"whatweneedtodoistochangethosecoldtextsintosomethingalive,justlikecraftspeople",Pansays,"whichisquitechallenging".Title:TraditionalbooksbackinfashionIntroduction*Moreandmoreproductsabouttraditionalculturehavebecomea（81）__________amongyoungpeople.*Chinesetraditionalculturehasbecomepopularpossiblybecauseofpeople's（82）__________inourcountryandculture.ExamplesWordManStory*Inthestory,Choumeta（83）__________calledTishoupang,formedanewcharacterNiuandstartedanadventure.Writer*Thewriter,Milehemilu,（84）__________forthewritersencouragedbytraditionalChineseculture.*Beforecreatingthe"personality"foraChinesecharacter,hewouldfirstlearnabouthowitsmeaningsoriginatedand（85）__________LecturesonChineseCulture*The（86）__________ofthebook,havereachedover300,000copies.*YuQiuyu（87）__________Chinesetraditionalculturesystematicallythroughthebook.TheTravelGuidetotheTangDynasty*Itintroduceshistoryandcultureofthesociety（88）__________tencenturiesago.Conclusion*WhetherbooksabouttraditionalChineseculturecansellwell（89）__________onwhether"youngpeoplecanhavefuninreading".*Thetextsoftheclassicsneedtobebroughtto（90）__________.B）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。Thepeoplewerescared.Theythrewrocksatitandattackeditwithpitchforks.Whentheyhadkilledit,theyusedahorsetodragitawayintoafield.M91youwouldn'tdoanyofthosethingsifyousawahot-airballoonlandingnearyourhome.Butbackin1783,veryf92peoplehadeverseensuchathing.BallooningstartedwithJosephMontgolfier,whowasnotthetypeofpersonyou'dexpectedtobeaninventor.Hedidn'tlikeschoolandranawayfromhomeasateenager.Asagrownup,hefailedinbusiness.Hewasveryu93hisyoungerbrother,Etienne,whowasresponsibleandsuccessful.ButwhenJosephstartedreadingonhisown,hediscoveredthathelovedscienceandexperiments.Alotofgoodsciencestartswiths94payingattentionandthinkingaboutwhatyou'veseen.Josephmadeacommonobservationandthendidsomethingamazingwithit.Josephnoticedthathotairrises.Hea95noticedthatrisinghotaircancarrysolid（固体的）objectswithit.Ifyou'veeverwatchedbitsofash（灰）risingwiththesmokefromafire,you'veseenittoo.Hewondered,whatifIf96aclothbagwithhotair?Wouldtherisingair197thebag?Onlyonewaytofindout!Ofcourse,bagsfilledwithhotairr98up.Soon,JosephandEtienneweremakinglargerandlargerclothbags,whichtheycalledballons,theFrenchwordfortheball.Theyheldpublicdemonstr