【高考复习指导】2021届高考英语二轮复习课堂讲练-专题六-动词和动词短语-

专题六动词和动词短语1.(2022·湖北卷)Theoldruleshavetobe________becausetheyonlyappliedtothecircumstancesthatexistedwhentheyweremadeahundredyearsago.A.developedB.establishedC.observedD.revised2.(2022·浙江卷)Lastweekatennisballhitmeonthehead,butItriedto________thepain,believingthatitwouldgoawaysoonerorlater.A.shareB.realizeC.ignoreD.cause3.(2022·天津卷)Myparentsalways________greatimportancetomygettingagoodeducation.A.haveB.attachC.acceptD.pay4.(2022·江西卷)Idon'tbelievewhatyousaid,butifyoucanproveit,youmaybeableto________me.A.convinceB.informC.guaranteeD.refuse5.(2022·福建卷)Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbe________intermsofoverallquality.A.supportedB.matchedC.evaluatedD.controlled6.(2022·江苏卷)LegendhasitthattheoriginoftheDragonBoatFestivalisto________thesoulofQuYuan.A.rememberB.remindC.recoverD.recall7.(2022·江苏卷)Topgraduatesfromuniversitiesare________bymajorcompanies.A.chasedB.registeredC.offeredD.compensated8.(2022·安徽卷)Shakespeare'swritingisstillpopulartoday.Ithasreally_______thetestoftime.A.failedB.stoodC.takenD.conducted9.(2022·安徽卷)Whenthesportshero________atourparty,hewaswelcomedwithopenarms.A.turnedupB.leftoffC.movedonD.gotaway10.(2022·安徽卷)Terry,please________yourcellphonewhenGrandmaistalkingtoyou.A.lookupfromB.lookintoC.lookbackonD.lookthrough1.【答案】D【解析】句意：旧的规章不得不修改，由于它们只适用于一百年前制定它们的环境。develop(进展)；establish(建立)；observe(观看；遵守)；revise(修改，改进)。从“onlyappliedtothecircumstancesthatexistedwhentheyweremadeahundredyearsago”可知旧规章到了非改不行的地步了，故选D项。2.【答案】C【解析】句意：上周有个网球击中了我的头部，但是我努力不去理睬苦痛，以为苦痛迟早会消逝的。share(共享)；realize(意识到)；ignore(不理睬，忽视);cause(导致)。3.【答案】B【解析】句意：我的父母亲很重视让我得到良好的训练。attachimportanceto(重视……)。4.【答案】A【解析】句意：我不信任你所说的，但假如你能证明，你可能会使我信任。convince(使……信任，使……信服)；inform(告知)；guarantee(保证，担保)；refuse(拒绝)。5.【答案】C【解析】句意：人们普遍认为应当依据全面素养来评价同学。support(支持)；match(相配，比得上)；evaluate(评价，估价)；control(把握)。6.【答案】D【解析】句意：传奇端午节最初是为了给屈原招魂。remember(记住)；remind(提示)；recover(康复，恢复)；recall(回忆起；召回)。7.【答案】A【解析】句意：高才生受到各大公司的青睐，成为争相录用的对象。chase(追赶，追求)；register(注册，登记)；offer(供应)常接双宾语；compensate(赔偿，补偿)。8.【答案】B【解析】句意：莎士比亚的作品到今日仍旧很流行。它的确经受住了时间的考验。fail(失败，未能)；stand(站立；承受，经受，忍耐)；take(拿走)；conduct(执行)。9.【答案】A【解析】句意：当那位体育明星消灭在我们晚会上的时候，人们张开手臂欢迎他。turnup(消灭；调高)；leaveoff(停止)；moveon(连续前进)；getaway(离开，脱身，逃掉)。10.【答案】A【解析】句意：Terry，当奶奶和你说话的时候，从手机上抬起头来(和别人说话时看手机是不礼貌的)。lookup(查找；抬头看)；lookinto(调查，争辩)；lookbackon(回顾；回忆)；lookthrough(认真检查；看穿)。动词(短语)词义的辨析始终是高考考查的重点，也是日常学习的难点。绝大多数状况下，这类题所给的四个选项即使可能以某动词为主体，但其含义各不相同，没有多少关联性，所以对题干和语境的理解是关键。间或也会有近义词的辨析。动词短语的辨析大致分为：同根动词短语辨析；同一介词或副词与不同动词搭配的辨析；无关联动词短语辨析；形近或近义动词短语的辨析。同时要留意连系动词的用法，如remain,appear,stay,fall,grow,turn,exist。要点储备一：热点动词与动词短语部分常考动词的含义achieve(获得),attract(吸引),adapt(适应；改编),attach(依附),behave(表现),check(核对),conclude(作结论；终止),contain(容纳),handle(处理),remind(提示),sacrifice(牺牲),simplify(简化),sponsor(赞助),subscribe(订阅；赞同),substitute(代替),threaten(威逼)熟词新义cover(采访；够付；走过),fail(视力衰退，器官衰弱),help(忍住)observe(庆祝；遵守),push(逼迫),save(省去),stand(忍受；经得住),tell(辨别，区分)常接“宾语＋宾语补足语”的动词；常接不定式作宾语的动词；常接动词－ing作宾语的动词；常接“间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构的及物动词(详见非谓语动词表格)要点储备二：常用动词短语用法归纳addto(＋抽象名词)增加，增进，增加add...to把……加进……addup相加(表动作)addupto总计(表结果)agreeon(双方或多方)就某事达成共识agreeto同意方案、建议、支配；agreetodo同意做agreewitheq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(同意（one'sideas/views或whatsb.says）,（食物、天气等）适应（某人）,符合（＝correspondwith＝consistwith）))breakawayfrom打破，脱离(政党等)，摆脱，改掉breakdown出毛病；身体(精神)衰弱；(化学)分解；拆成(部分)；心情失控breakoff暂停，中断breakin强行进入＝burstin;插话＝cutinbreakinto闯入；突然＝burstintobreakout(火灾、战斗、争吵等突然)爆发；突然开头＝burstoutbreakthrough突破(theenemyline);穿透(theclouds)breakup捣碎；拆散，驱散，瓦解；学期结束；分手；婚姻失败；物理分解bringabout造成，引起＝leadto＝contributeto＝giveriseto＝resultin＝causebringback使回想起＝recall＝callup;带回来bringdown使下降，使降低＝reduce；使倒下；拆毁＝teardownbringforward提出＝putforward＝raise;将……提前＝set...forwardbringin引入，引进(技术、人才等)；赚进bringon使提高；引起，使发生bringout拿出；出版；阐明/显示出；生产bringup抚养；呕吐；提出(anidea)callat访问，参观(某地)callon号召，访问(某人)callback叫……回来；回电＝ringback＝recallcallfor去叫/接某人；要求；需要callin召集，请某人来(theenemy/adoctor/anexpert)；紧急状况下招来＝sendforcalloff取消，不进行＝cancelcallout(forhelp)大喊，高叫(呼救)callup使回忆起＝bringback；征召入伍＝bedraftedintothearmycarryabout随身携带carryaway拿走，抢走；吸引住某人(常用被动)carryout执行，实施(aplan/asurvey/anoperation/anorder)carryon连续＝goonwith(aconversation/economicreform)carryoff赢得，夺去(奖牌)；拿走checkin报到；登记；投宿旅馆checkout查明；结账；付款离开旅馆；从图书馆借出书checkup核对，检验comeabout发生，消灭＝happen＝occur＝takeplacecomeacross偶然遇到/发觉comealong赶快；进展；伴同comeat到达；向……扑来comeback回来；回想起(物作主语)comedown物价下跌；落；降；传下来comedownwith...突然得……病comefrom来自，源自comefor为……而来comein进来comeintosight观察，进入视野comeintobeing/existence存在comeintouse开头使用comeintonotice引起留意comeintoeffect生效comeon来临；用于祈使句，表鼓舞或督促快点；得了吧comeout(花)开；出版；明白；结果是(＋副词)＝workoutcometo达到；糊涂＝cometooneself/one'slife；＝合计，总共是＝total;谈到(Whenitcomesto...)cometoanend结束cometoanagreement达成协议cometoastop停止comeover走过来comeup上升；(sth.)被提出；从土中发芽，走近(tosb.)comeupto达到＝addupto;符合＝liveuptocomeupwith...想出(aproblem/anidea)cutacross抄近路cutaway砍掉，切下cutdown砍倒，削减(onproduction)cutin插嘴＝breakin/interruptcutoff切断(theelectricitysupply);割掉；断绝关系cutout删(省)掉，戒掉；剪下(所需的)；删除(不需要的)；停止(食用某物)cutshort使停止，中断；抄近路cutthrough剪断；凿穿(thebush)cutup连根拔除；切碎dieof(disease/hunger/grief/cold/oldage)死于(疾病/饥饿/哀思/寒冷/年老)diefromoverwork/pollution/lackof.../lungcancer死于(意外事故、情形)dieaway(声音、光等)渐渐消逝、减弱、渐息diedown(声音、火、苦痛等)渐熄diefor...为……献身＝sacrifice...for...dieout(物种等)绝种；(习惯等)消逝dieoff(家族等)相继死去fallbehind落后falloverone'sfeet跌跤falldown掉下；跌倒fallback撤退，后退getacross穿过(街道等)；讲清楚；使人了解(不用被动)getalongwith进展，相处getaround处处走动；(消息)传开＝spreadgetaway逃跑，逃脱；去休假getclosetosth./doingsth.接近，几乎getdown下来；登记；使懊丧getback取回，收回getdownto致力于，认真于getin收集；插(话)＝breakin，收获(庄稼)＝harvestgeton进展；相处；进步；穿上；上车getoff脱下；下车getout离开，退出，逃脱；泄露；生产，出版getoutof...出去；停止(习惯等)＝getridof/break/kickgetover遗忘，越过，克服(困难等)；从疾病、心情中恢复getround消息传开getto(know)渐渐意识到＝cometoknow＝cometorealizegetthrough(tosb.)打通电话；完成，通过；用完钱；熬过gettogether聚集在一起；聚会getup起立；起床＝risegoabout处处走动；传开；着手做……goafter追赶；追求；追捕goagainst违反，违反goahead先行，开头吧，问吧，说吧goallouttodosth.全力以赴goaway离开goinfor从事；宠爱；参与gobackon背约，食言gobeyond超出goby时间过去＝goongodown下沉，降低＝comedown，(日、月)西沉gofor宠爱；卖(多少钱)；努力得到goinfor宠爱；从事(音乐，体育等)gooff爆炸，(闹钟)响；进行(状况);变坏＝gobad;断电，停止供应goon(with)连续进行；消逝goout出去；(灯等)熄灭goover复习，检查；争辩；(认真)搜查；视察gothrough扫瞄；查看；通过，经受/经受(困难等)goup(价格)上涨；建筑起来gowith相配；伴随gowithout没有……牵强支撑giveaway赠送；泄露，出卖；错失，放弃(时机等)givein(tosb.)让步，屈服giveoff发出(光、热、气体)giveout发出；分发；公布；(力气、急躁等)用完giveup放弃，把……献给；让(座位)(giveone'sseatuptosb.)handin交上，提交handdown流传；遗传handsth.downtosb.(作为传统)传下handout分发handover移交(职位、任务等)(反义词：takeover)handinhand手拉手；同时并进地；亲密关联地hangabout闲逛，闲荡，闲待着hangback迟疑，踌躇，畏缩hangon坚持，抓紧；(打电话时)不挂断；取决于hangonto保留(某物)；紧紧抓住hangup挂电话hangtogether团结，同心协力holdback阻挡；隐瞒；保留holddown把握，镇压；压制holdon别挂电话；等；坚持住holdonto...抓住；不出让holdout伸出；(食物等)维持，坚持holdup举起；使停顿、延误；支持holdone'sground坚持立场holdtheline不挂电话keepawayfrom避开，不接近，离……远远的keepback阻挡，抑制；隐瞒；扣下，留下keepfrom克制，阻挡keepoff不接近(用于禁令)keepon连续，坚持下来keepoutof挡在……的外面；不卷入，不涉及keepto坚持/遵守(法规/承诺/观点/方案)keepup保持；(士气等)不低落keepupwith跟上；不落在……的后面knockabout流浪；无目的旅行；虐待knockat/on敲knockdown撞倒；把……击倒knockoff停止工作，休息knockinto撞到某人身上；偶遇knockoutof把……敲出knockover将……撞倒leavebehind遗忘带；留下……leaveout不考虑；忽视掉，遗漏leavesb.alone让某人独自待着＝let...aloneleaveoff停止；不再用let...down使绝望；放下let...in让……进入let...out放出；泄露；发出；放宽(衣服)lookabout/around/round四下查看；参观lookbackon/upon回忆，回顾lookafter照看＝takecareof＝attendlookfor查找；期盼lookat凝视；争辩lookdownupon瞧不起；轻视looksb.intheface/eyes直视某人lookinto朝……里看；(彻底)调查lookover(认真)检查；越过……看lookon旁观＝standbylookon...as把……看作lookout(for)当心；提防＝watchoutfor＝becarefuloflookthrough翻阅，扫瞄；透过……看lookup查找；向上看；转好lookuptosb.敬重某人looksb.upanddown认真端详某人makefor朝……走去，驶往；促使，有助于makeinto/of/from制成makeout弄懂，发觉；看出，牵强辨别出；填写；开列(清单)；声称makeup编造；配制；装扮；组成；和解makeupfor弥补makeitto成功到达；做成某事makethebestof...充分利用passaway去世；消散passby经过；不理睬passdown(on)．..to传给，一代传一代passon传递；遗传；传消息passover漠视，忽视；不追究passout昏倒，失去知觉passthrough经受；通过payback还钱；报复payfor付钱；为……受到惩处，因……得到报应payoff还清；得到回报；成功；付清工资后解雇pickup捡起，获得(information)；接人；买到；收听；自然习得(language/knowledge)，恢复，重获(health)pickout选择，辨认，看出pulldown拆掉，推翻pullin进站pullon/off匆忙穿上/脱下pullout取出，(火车)离站，驶出pullover(速度渐渐)驶到一边，靠边停下pullthrough恢复健康，渡过难关，脱离险境＝getoverpullup(使)停住resultin...导致＝cause/makefor/contributeto/leadto/bringabout/giveriseto...resultfrom...由……引起＝ariseoutof/arisefrom...ringsb.back回电＝callsb.backringoff挂断电话＝hangupthephoneringsb.up给某人打电话＝callsb.upputsth.apart拆分(反义词：putsth.together)putaside放到一边；储存；忽视putaway收捡起来；存钱，储存；处理掉动物putback放回原处putdown登记；安静，镇压putforward提出，提前putin放进，写进，增加；安装；插话putinto放进，翻译putoff推迟，延期＝delay＝postponeputon穿戴；上映；增加(重量/速度)putout伸出；扑灭；生产；出版puttogether装配(零件等)；整理；综合putup搭起；张贴；举起；提出；安装；投宿，支配住下putupwith忍受＝tolerate＝bear＝standputthrough接通电话；使经受(困难等)pushover推倒，刮倒pushahead/on/forward连续前进pushthrough排解困难办好某事，努力设法通过pushsb.todosth.促使某人做某事runacross偶然遇到＝meetwith＝runintorunafter追赶，追捕＝goafterrunaway逃跑runfor竞选runinto偶然遇到(困难)/遇见(人)；相撞runoutof用完＝useupseesb.off送行＝sendsb.offseeto...照看；处理；留意seethrough看透，识破seetoitthat从句确保……＝makesurethat从句sendfor派人去请/取sendoff寄出；送行；派遣sendout发出(光亮)等；寄出(通知等)sendup放射setabout开头着手(做某事)＝setouttodosth.setaside留出；抛弃(意见、习惯等);储蓄setback把(钟、表)拨回，使推迟；阻碍setdown放下；登记setup设立；建立(组织，机构等)setoff动身(for)；触发；燃放(fireworks)；引起(某种心情)one'shomesicknesssetout动身(去某地)；着手(去做);陈述(观点等)setto开头做showsb.around(someplace)领某人参观(某处)showsb.in/out领某人进去/出去showoff炫耀；呈现showup露面，消灭standagainst反对；背靠……站立standbyeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(支持，拥护（某人）＝give（support）to,袖手旁观＝lookon))standfor支持(主义等)；代表standin替代(某人)standout突出；惹眼tearatsth.撕扯着……tearaway扯掉tearoneselfawayfrom...忍痛离开tearsth.down撕下……；拆毁……＝bringsth.downtearsth.intopieces/inhalf(＝intwo＝intohalves)撕成碎片/撕成两半tearup撕裂；撕毁(合同等)(续表)takeaftersb.长得像某人或性格像某人takealong随身带takesth.apart拆卸……takeaway拿走；夺去takeback拿回；收回(某人所说的话)；退货takedown记录；取下；拆除takeAforB误认为＝mistakeAforBtakein吸取，领悟＝absorb；哄骗＝cheat；在家接活；改小takeoff脱掉；起飞；(事业、电影等)突然流行腾飞takesb.offtosomeplace把某人带走去了某处takeon呈现；雇佣；担当takeout带……出去；除掉；办理takeover接替，接管；继承taketosth.宠爱；沉迷于takeup开头从事；占用(时间、空间)＝occupy；接下去＝pickuptakechargeof负责takesth.forgranted对某事想当然takeholdof抓住takepridein以……为骄傲taketheplaceof代替taketurnstodo轮番做takeoffice就职thinkabout考虑；熟虑thinkof想起thinkof...as把……看作thinkout(通过思考)想出；争辩出thinkover认真考虑thinkup(突然)想出念头；设计出；创造thinkwell/highly/agreatdealofsb./sth.对……看法好，评价高thinklittle/nothingofsb./sth.认为……不值，对……评价不高tryon试穿，试戴tryout试验；试用；试演；参与选拔赛(for...)turn(a)round转过身来turnagainst变得敌视，反对turnaway打发走，驱除；转过脸去turnback返回，转回去turndown调低；拒绝(one'ssuggestion/offer)turnin上缴turnoff关掉(灯等)；使(某人)厌烦turnon打开；使(某人)兴奋turnover翻身，反复考虑，翻(书页)，翻转turnout证明为，结果；制造成品；关掉turnto转向；求助于……；查阅；翻过turnup向上翻；露面，消灭；音量调大turnupsidedown把倒置，弄得乱七八糟workat致力于workon从事(某具体事物)workout解决；计算出＝figureout；结果；熬炼；方案workoutwell/fine(结局好，顺当)＝turnout(tobe)fine/well＝gooffwell＝comeoutwell/fine同义异表：登记writedown,notedown,setdown,putdown,takedown插话getin,cutin,breakin,putin,burstin,interrupt拆除teardown,pulldown,takedown,bringdown(身体)复原pullthrough,getover,pickup偶遇come/runacross,run/knockinto,meetwith提出bringup,putforward,setforward,comeupwith(anidea/asuggestion)区分：putaway收放好；放回原处；储蓄putaside放一边；不理睬，抛弃；储蓄setaside放一边；留出时间；储蓄重点突破分类积累，明辨词义；熟词生用，依据语境。1.Thepolitician'sspeech________theothersthathewastheverymanforthejob.A.informedB.convincedC.remindedD.warned2.ProfessorLeenhasjustgivenawonderfullecture,________varioussubjects.A.referringB.coveringC.dealingD.demanding3.Withthecontributionshehasmadetoourcountry,he________allthehonorsawardedtohim.A.demandsB.obtainsC.deservesD.expects4.It'sapparentthatbytakingthesetoughmeasuresagainstinjustice,thegovernmentistryingto________publicconfidenceinitspoliticalandlegalsystem.A.revealB.expressC.emphasizeD.restore5.Intermsofacademicperformance,Mikedoesnotbelongwiththebrilliantstudentsinourclass,yetwecannever________thepossibilitythathewillbeadmittedtohisidealcollege.A.confirmB.discountC.exploreD.evaluate6.Inordertocatchthefirsttrain,Ithreatenedtoreportthetaxidriverforillegally________apassenger,buthepointedathis“NotforHire”signanddroveaway.A.distinguishingB.rejectingC.disposingD.imitating7.Asaleadingproducerofgreenhousegases,China________theUnitedStatesasthelargestconsumersofA.describesB.joinsC.controlsD.influences8.Ifyou________statesecretstotheenemy,youwillsurelybearrestedandsentencedtoprison.A.putawayB.getawayC.giveawayD.passaway9.Theathlete'syearsofhardtraining________whenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.A.wentonB.gotthroughC.paidoffD.endedup10.ThankstoMr.Smiththefatherandthesoneventually________aftertenyears'coldrelationshipbetweenthem.A.tookupB.madeupC.lookedupD.turnedup11.Goingintoasupermarketwithoutaclearlist,youmight________pickingupwhatyouwouldn'tnecessarilywant.A.giveupB.takeupC.makeupD.endup12.Beingdishonest,Peterusually________thenegativepartwhenhetellshisparentsabouthisstudyandlifeintheschool.A.leavesbehindB.leaveoffC.leavesoutD.leavesalone13.Hehasgottoknowthatitiseasyforaboyto________habitssuchassmokinganddrinking,whicharenotsoeasytogetridof.A.slideintoB.lookintoC.breakintoD.knockinto14.Despitethefactthatthebigexamisdrawingnear,Isuggestyou________aneveningaweekforfun—takingawalkwithyourparents,ortreatingyourselftoaninterestingmovie.A.takeupB.setasideC.giveawayD.putoff15.Mrs.Jones,wholetoutacryofpainfromtimetotime,hadnochoicebutto________anoperationonherrightankletorelievethepain.A.submittoB.admittoC.subscribetoD.objectto1.【答案】B【解析】句意：这个政治家使别人信任他是这份工作的最佳人选。convincesb.＋that从句，意为“使某人承认/信服……”，符合句意。inform(通