【创新设计】2021高考英语(江苏专用)大二轮总复习定时训练18

定时训练(18)专题特训(任务型阅读)eq\x(Passage1)Whendifficultpeopleexpressthemselvesorally，theygenerallywantatleasttwothings：they'vebeenheardandthey'vebeenunderstood.Asagoodcommunicatorshouldbeagoodlistener，fivestepsareadvocatedtowardgoodlistening.Thefirststepiscooperating(合作)．Howdoesadifficultpersonknowthatyou'relisteningandunderstanding?Infact，it'sthroughthewayyoulookandsoundwhileheistalking.Youmayhelphimtofullyexpresshisthoughtsandfeelings.Youdothisbynoddingyourheadinagreement，makingcertainsoundsofunderstanding.Whenthepersonbeginstorepeatwhat'sbeensaid，it'sasignalofsteptwo：turningback.Itmeansthatyourepeatsomewordsheisusing，sendingaclearsignaltheyou'relisteningcarefullyandthatyouthinkwhatheissayingisimportant.Havingheardwhathehastosay，thenextstepisclarifying.Atthispoint，youstarttogatherinformationaboutwhatisbeingcommunicated.Asksameopen－endedquestions，whichwillallowyoutofigureoutwhatintentionheishopingtosatisfy.Thefourthstepistosummarize(概括)whatyou'veheard.Thisallowsyoutomakesurethatbothyouandthedifficultpersonareonthesamepage.Whenyoudothis，twothingshappen.First，ifyou'vemissedsomething，hecanfillinthedetails(细节)．Second，you'veshownthatyou'remakinganefforttounderstandcompletely.Thisincreasespossibilityofgainingcooperationfromhim.Havinglistenedcarefully，you'venowarrivedatthepointofconfirmingwiththepersonthathefeelssatisfiedthatthisthoughtshavebeenfullyvoiced.Askifhefeelsunderstood.Thenenoughsincerelistening，questioning，andrememberingarebroughttogether，understandingisusuallyachievedandadifficultpersonbecomeslessdifficultandmorecooperative.1.________ListentounderstandReasonDifficultpeoplehopetheyhavebeenheardand2.________whentheyexpressthemselves3.________●Noddingin4.________andmakesomesoundsofunderstandingwhileadifficultpersonisspeaking●5.________whatyouhaveheard●Collectinginformationabouttheperson'sexpressionsandfindhis6.________●Givinga7.________ofwhatthepersonhassaid●Confirmingthatthepersongains8.________fromspeakinghisthoughts9.________Adifficultpersonwillbeeasierto10.________withifunderstandingisachievedCommentYoumayunlockthedoorstodifficultpeople'sheartsafteryoulistenandunderstand答案1.Topic2.understood3.Suggestions/Tips/Advice4.agreement5.Rention7.summary8.satisfaction9.Rerateeq\x(Passage2)Therearemanythingsthatwewishtoachieveinlife.Forsome，wesetgoalsandobjectives，andforsomewedon't.Trytorememberthelasttimeyousetagoaltoachieveacertaintask.Wereyouabletocompletethetaskinaneffectivemanner?Thetaskswhicharedonebysettingandmeetingdailygoalswilldefinitelybeusefulandrewardingexperiences.Astep－by－stepapproachtowardsachievingsmallergoalsisthekeytoachievinglargerones.Whenitcomestotheworkplace，eachandeveryemployeeisexpectedtomeetdailyresponsibilitiesandexpectations.Withorganizationsbecomingmoreandmorecompetitive，theimportanceofgoal－settingforemployeesisincreasing.Ithelpstheemployeetoperformbetterandincreaseshisorherefficiencyandtimemanagement.It'salsoimportantforeverystudenttosethighacademicgoalssoastobeabletobuildagoodcareer.Settinggoalsforcompletingthedailyschedulehelpsanemployeetofinishtheassignedtasksandtargetsinatimelymanner.Ifanemployeeisperformingthewayheorsheisexpectedto，thenthiswillautomaticallyincreasetheperformance，outputandproductivityofboththeemployeeandtheorganization.Dailystudytargetsarethesame.Thishelpsyoucompleteyourassignmentswithinthesettime，thusputtinglesspressureonyouduringexamsandincreasingyourchancesofperformingwell.Howmanytimesyouhavetobeatworkonaweekendjusttocompleteyourwork?Howmanytimesyouhavehadtostayupallnighttocompleteyourhomeworkorstudyforyourexams?Hadyoufollowedyoursetgoalsandtargetsrightfromthebeginning，youwouldhavespentthetimerelaxingratherthanbeingbusyworkingorstudying!Settingupgoalsandobjectiveshelpsyouorganizeyourtimeandeffortsinanefficientmanner.Inperformingyourworkdiligently，youarelikelytokeepasteadypacewhenitcomestofulfillingyoursettargets.Becauseyouarealreadyontrack，therewillbenounnecessaryworkloadandtimelimitsoveryourhead.Therefore，anotherbenefitofeffectivegoal－settingislackofstressandamorecalmandrelaxedmind.Onlyastress－freeandcalmmindcanhouseprogressiveandproductivethoughts.Acalmmindcausespositivity，whichgoesalongwaytowardsincreasingyourabilitytoachievethepersonalgoalsyouhavesetforyourself.Eachandeveryhumanbeingaimstoachievetwothings:tofulfilldesiresandtoenjoylife.Thisispossibleonlythroughproperdisciplineandtimemanagement.Goal－settingleadstonotonlyprofessionalgrowthbutalsopersonalgrowthanddevelopment.Youareexpectedtoknowthateverystepcountsandthatsettingupgoalsiseasy，butfollowingthemonaconsistentbasisisdifficult.Therefore，ifyouwanttobesuccessfulandalsoharvestthefruitsofyourhardwork，youneedtosticktoyoursetgoalsandbefocusedtowardsachievingthem.Realizethesignificantrolethatgoal－settingplaysinyourlife，makesurethatyoudoallyoucantoachievewhatyouwant，setyourgoals，worktowardsachievingthemandcelebrateyoursuccess！PassageoutlineSupportingdetailsSignificanceofgoal－settinginachievingsuccessInfaceofcompetition，employeeswithgoalscanperformbetteraswellas1.________efficiencyandtimemanagement.Studentswhowanttobuildagoodcareershouldattach2.________tosettinghighacademicgoals.IncreaseoutputandperformanceBysettinggoals，anemployeescanincreaseoutputandperformanceinsteadof3.________completinghisorhertasks.Studentscanhavelesspressureandperformwellwiththeaidofdailystudytargets.HelpintimemanagementYoucanhaveyourtimeandefforts4.________betterifyoufollowyoursetting－goalsfromthebeginning.You'relikelytohavemoretimefor5.________insteadofoccupyingyourselfinworkingorstudying.Reduce6.________levelsChancesarethatyoucanfulfillyoursettargetssteadily7.________tolackofpressure.Effectivegoal－settingis8.________foryoutokeeparelaxedmind，whichcanresultinpositivity.EverystepcountsYoushouldbe9.________thatit'sdifficulttofollowyourgoalsconsistently.Yourhardworkwill10.________offifyousticktoyoursetgoalsstepbystep.答案1.anized5.relaxation6.stress7.due8.beneficial9.aware/conscious10.payeq\x(Passage3)Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginawonderfulage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedaymedicineswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedlargely.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore，everydaywewitnesstheunbelievableslaughter(屠杀)ofmen，womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusthemotor－car!Itisanever－endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel(方向盘)，hiscarbecomestheadditionalpartofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor－caroftenbringsoutaman'sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindasteering－wheel.Theyswear，theyareill－manneredandaggressive，willfulastwo－year－oldsandcompletelyselfish.Alltheirhiddenanger，disappointmentsandenviesseemtobeexposedbytheactofdriving.Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietyonlysmilessokindlyonthemotoristwhenseeinghisbehaviorstalkedaboutabove.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostunsuitabletolivebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdamagedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic，tobeconvenientlyforgotten.Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Inregardtodriving，thelawsofsomecountriesaredishonorablylooseandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyears;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughinflexibleannualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcandestroyaperson'sdrivingability，sopresentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Thehighestandlowestspeedlimitsshouldbeputonallroads，ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundunacceptablyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredtobetoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannuallossofhumanlife.Afterall，theworldisforhumanbeings，notformotor－cars.Title:StrictTrafficLawsCanPreventAccidentsPresentsituationofroadaccidents

.Roadaccidentsseemtohappen1.________．

.Wearequietlysittingbackandlettingroadslaughterhappen.2.________forsomanyroadaccidents

.Whendrivingacar，amantendstobecomeill－manneredandbehaveinan3.________way.

.Itseemsthatallthehiddenanger，disappointmentandenviesare4.________bytheactofdriving.

.Societyjust5.________variouskindsofbadbehaviorofamotorist.

.People6.________theroadaccidentstatistics.7.________thatshouldbetakentoreduceroadaccidents

.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmademuchmoredifficult.

.Allthedriversshouldtakeatesteverythreeyears.

.Onlypeopleator8.________21cangetadrivinglicense.

.Allvehiclesshouldbegivenstrictannualtests.Drinkinganddrivinglawsshouldbemademuchstricter.

.Thehighestandthelowestspeedlimitsshouldbeputto9.________.

.Noadvertisingwhichstressespowerandperformanceshouldbe10.________答案1.frequently2.Reasons3.aggressive4.exposed5.tolerate/bear6.ignore/overlook7.Measures8.above/over9.use10.allowed/permittedeq\x(Passage4)GoingsoyisthewaytogogreenIn1829，U.S.farmersgrewsoybeans(大豆)forthefirsttime.Inthelate1800s，lotsoffarmersbegantogrowsoybeansasfoodforcattle.In1904，attheTuskegeeInstituteinAlabama，GeorgeWashingtonCarverbeganstudyingthesoybean.Hisdiscoverieschangedthewaypeoplethoughtaboutthesoybean.Nolongerwasitjustacropforcattle;itprovidedvaluableproteinandoil.Nowsoybeanoilisthemostpopularsourceforanalternativefuel.Fuelingdiesel(柴油)engineswithvegetableoilstartedwiththeinventorRudolfDiesel.WhenDieselshowedhisengineatthe1900WorldExhibitioninParis，itwasrunningonlyonpeanutoil，akindofbiodiesel.AccordingtotheUnitedSoybeanBoard，biodieselisafuelmadefromvegetableoilsoranimalfats.However，overthenext100years，dieselfuelwasmadelargelyfrompetroleum(石油)．Interestwasrenewedinbiodieselinthemid－1970swhentheenergyshortageoccurred，andgaspricessurgedupwardthroughouttheUnitedStates.Inspiteoftheseconditions，commercialproductiondidnottakeplaceuntilmuchlater.In1999，TheNationalBiodieselBoardreportedthat500，000gallonsperdaywereproduced.In2000，productionincreasedto6.7milliongallonsperday.Withthecontinualrisingcostsofpetroleumproductsinthenewcentury，majorcorporationsandtheUnitedStatesgovernmenthavelookedtonewmarkets.Farmersareencouragedtogrowsoybeansintheirfields，asthedemandforsoybeanfuelincreases.Theycannowgetseveralgallonsoffuelperacreofsoybean.Biodieseliscreatedbyremovingathickliquidcalledglycerinfromsoybeanoil.ItisregisteredwiththeUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyasapurefuel，whichisknownasB100，orasafueladditive，whichiscalledB20，amixtureof20percentsoyand80percentpetroleum－baseddiesel.Therearemanybenefitsofsoybeanfuel.Studieshaveshownthatbiodieselfromvegetableoilreducespetroleumconsumptionwhenusedinplaceofpetroleumdiesel.Inaddition，theuseofbiodieselreducesCO2intheearth'satmosphere.ThisisduetothefactthatgrowingsoybeansconsumesnearlyfourtimesasmuchCO2astheamountofCO2producedfrombiodieselwasteIfyoueverwanttotakearideinacarorbuspoweredbysoybeans，youcan.TheAgricultureResearchCenter(ARS)NationalVisitorCenterbus，whichisusedforBeltsville，Marylandfarmtours，isrunningonbiodieselfuel.ARSscientistsareconductingbiodieselfuelresearch，andtheyaretryingtofindwaystomakefuelfromvegetableoils，animalfats，andusedrestaurantoils.Biodieselfuelcostsmorethanregulardieselfuel.However，thepricemaydropifpeopleuseitmore.WecanlooktothefuturewiththehopethatcleanfuelsourceswillcontinuetobewidespreadintheUnitedStatesandevenaroundtheworld.答案1.grown2.changed/turned/duced5.encouragement6.removed7.diesel8.less9.cheaper10.widelyeq\x(Passage5)Nooneknowswhomadethefirsticecream.SomepeoplethinkwatericesandmilkicesmayhavebeenmadebytheChinesebetweenthreethousandandathousandyearsago.Inthattime，thedishreachedIndia.TheIndians，inturn，manyhavepassedonthesecrettotheArabsandPersians.MarcoPolo，anItalianwhotraveledwidelyinthethirteenthcentury，notedthathefoundtheChinesehadlongbeenmakingicesoutoffruitjuicesandmilk.Fromthefourteenthcenturyon，icesbecamepopularfirstinVeniceandthenthroughoutItaly.Atfirsticecreamwasaluxury﹙铺张品﹚inFrance.Onlyrichpeoplehadthemoneytobuyit.Then，in1660，ayoungmanfromSicily，FranciscoProcopio，arrivedinParis.Heopenedashopthatsoldicecreamatpricespeoplecouldafford.Thenhisicecreambecamesopopularthatothershopswereopened.About1640，KingCharlesintroducedicecreamtoEnglandandsoonicecreamquicklybecamepopularinEnglandtoo.Americansnoweatmoreicecreamthananypeopleintheworld.Buttheyarenottheonlyoneswhoarefondofit.Greeksarealsofondoficecream.InthelargecitiesofGermanytherearemanysmallshopsthatsellonlyicecream.IcecreamshopsarenotascommonasinEngland，althoughlargeLondonstoresdohavesodafountains.Icecreamsodasfirstbecamepopularsometimeinthe1880sintheUnitedStates.InfacttheysoonbecametoopopulartosuitsomeofthegoodpeopleofEvanston，Illinois.TheythoughtitwasnotpropertodrinksodaonSunday.AcitylawwaspassedtostoptheicecreamsodaonSundays.Tokeepwithinthelaw，itissaidthatonemanservedicecreamwithsyrup﹙糖水﹚.Throughoutitslonghistory，icecreamhasbeenafavoritedish，Butonlyinthiscenturyhasitbeenmadewithsomanydifferenttastes.Peopletodaycanselectfrommorethan240flavors.The1.________ofIceCreamInAsia·PerhapsfirstinChinaat2.________athousandyearsago·Then3.________totheIndians，theArabsandthePersiansIn4.________·FirstpopularinVeniceandthenall5.________Italy·PopularinFranceduetoayoungmanfromSicily，FranciscoProcopiowhoopenedashopsellingicecreamaffordabletocommonpeople·6.________inmanysmallshopsinthelargecitiesofGermany·NotasmanyicecreamshopsinEnglandInthe7.________·Americanseatthelargest8.________oficecreamintheworld·Icecreamsodawasnotallowedtobe.9.________onSundaysinEvanston，IllinoisConclusionIcecreamisofdifferenttastesandpeoplehavemore10.________nowadays答案1.Hroduced4.Europe5.over/around6.Available7.USA8.amount/quantity9.served10.choiceseq\x(Passage6)EqualOpportunitiesforQualityEducationItiswidelyacceptedthathumanresourcesareplayingaveryimportantpartinChina'seconomicgrowth.Education，whichgreatlyaffectsthequalitiesofhumanresources，hasundergonerapiddevelopmentsinrecentyears.Lastyear，Chinahadmorethan2milliongraduatesfromcollegesoruniversities，andanother3.5milliongraduatesfromvocationalschools.Despitethegreatdevelopmentsineducation，intheeraofreform，lawmakersexposesandcriticizedmanyproblemsinthedevelopmentsofeducation，whichtrouble，ifnotanger，thepublic.OneofthemostglaringproblemsisthatinChina'svastruralareas，eventhemostbasiceducationisnotavailabletosomechildren.Andelsewhere，eveniftheyhaveaccess，thefacilitiesavailableforthemarestillafarcryfromthoseincities.Officialstatisticsshowthatattheprimarystage，thereareabignumberofruralstudentswhodropoutofschoolbecausetheydonothavethemoneytopaytheirtuitionfees.Atcollegelevel，therehavebeensomebigincreasesintuitionfeesoverthelastfewyears.So，somestudentsfromruralareashavealsobeenforcedtoabandontheirdreams.ChinahasalongtraditionofvaluingeducationandChineseparentsarewillingtosaveeachandeverypennytosupporttheirchildren'sschooling.Butinanationofmorethan1.3billionpeople，upholdingequalopportunitiesintheeducationsectorisadiscouragingtask.Thecentralgovernmentisdedicatedtoquickeningthedevelopmentofthecause，Itwillcancelruralschoolfeesandofferthechildreninpoverty－strickenareasfinancialsupportsotheycanallenjoytheequaleducationandcompletethenine－yearcompulsoryschoolingprogramme.Themostimportantpartoftheissueliesintheamountofcashputintoit.Ontheotherhand，itismorethananissueoffiscalinput﹙财政收入﹚.TheunbalanceddistributionofresourcesbetweenruralandurbanschoolsrisksslowingdownthefutureofChina'svastruralareas，wheretwothirdsofthepopulationlive.Educationisundoubtedlythelong－termlifelineofcitizens.Goodeducationpromotesmorethanpersonalwell－beingorthefulfillmentofindividualambition.Asindividualabilitygrows，thenationwillbecomestrongerandmoreprosperous.Equalityineducationisvitaltothesustainabilityofournation'seconomicprogress.Ithasabigimpactoneverycitizen'squalityoflife，sothegovernmentmustdoallitcantoachievethisgoal.AnoverviewofeducationinChinaAsChina'seconomygrows，education，whichhasagreat1.________onthequalitiesofhumanresources，hasexperiencedgreatdevelopments.2.________inhedevelopmentofeducationIn3.________ofgreatdevelopments.，whatworriesthepublicisthattherearestillchildreninvastruralareaswhohaveno4.________tothemostbasiceducationandthefacilitiesavailablearefarfrom5.______comparedwiththoseincities.SeriousconsequencesAlargenumberofruralprimaryschoolstudentshavetoquitschoolbecausetheycan't6.________theireducation.Withthecollegetuitionfeesincreasingsharply，ruralstudentshaveno7.________buttogiveuptheirdreams.8.________OfsolvingtheproblemsToensure9.________intheeducationforruralstudents，thecentralgovernmentwillcancelruralschoolfeesandprovidethemwithfinancialsupport，Thedistributionofresourcesbetweenruralandurbanschoolsshouldbe10.________，whichwillsurelyacceleratethedevelopmentofvastruralareas.ConclusionEqualityineducationmakesitpossibleforindividualabilitytogrow，whichguaranteesournation'seconomicprosperity.答案1.effect/influence/impact2.Problems3.spite4.access5.enough6.afford7.choice8.Ways9.equality10.balanced/equaleq\x(Passage7)IntheUnitedStates，engineeringisaprofessionthathasbeendominatedhistoricallybymen.Eventoday，it'sstilltruethatfewwomenbecomecivilorchemicalormechanicalengineers，butthat'ssomethingwww.EngineerGaimstochange.Youngwomenwhovisitthewebsitecanfindoutaboutagreatcareerchoicetheymightnothaveconsidered.“Womenareverymuchunderrepresentedinengineeringandinengineeringeducationprogramsandthenofcourse，downtheroad，intheengineeringworkforce.Soonlyabout20percentofengineeringundergraduatedegreesgotowomen，andthenonlyaboutninepercentofworkingengineersarewomen.”MaryMattisintheNationalAcademyofEngineering，saystheEngineerGirlwebsiteaimstoreachyoungwomenaroundages11through14，whentheyarejustgettingoldenoughtostartthinkingabouttheirfutures.“Weknowfromtheresearchthatmiddle－schoolgirlsareatacriticalpointintheirlives，andthatit'satimewhenweneedtoreachthem，bothwithanunderstanding，increasingtheirawarenessofinterestingfields