考点08 虚拟语气（九大应用全掌握）-新高考英语一轮总复习（上海专用）（解析版）

PAGE1考点08虚拟语气课前热身练（2023·上海·上海市建平中学校考三模）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Frugality(节俭)IsBackinFashion“Ifyoubuythingsyoudonotneed,soonyouwillhavetosellthingsyouneed.”ThisisapieceofsageadvicefromWarrenBuffet,arguably1ofthegreatestfinancialmindsofthe21stcentury.Manyyoungpeopletodayappeartobetakingthesewordsverymuchtoheart,especiallyinthepresenteconomicclimate.WhiletheideaofbeingfrugalhaslongbeenapartofEasternculture,therelativelyrecentgrowthofwealthinChinaaswellastheeaseofpurchasing2(lead)toincreasedconsumerismformanyacrossthecountry.Notonlyarebusinessestodayofferingamorediverserangeofproducts,butinternetalgorithmsarealsomatchingourshoppingpatternstobigdatasets—bothof3aremeanttotemptpeopleintobuyingmorestuffthantheyneed.Yetthisincreasedconsumptionofgoodshasbeenpushingupthepricesofcertainbareessentialssuchashousing,transportationandfood,4(force)peopletoreevaluatetheirprioritieswhilespendingmoney.Itisnowonderthatbeingthriftyisonceagainbecomingadominanttrend5youngpeople.Despitetheannoyances6(cause)byalgorithms,theinternetisfloodedwithadviceonwhereone7savemoneyaswellasgoodopinionsabouthowtheyshouldspendtheirmoney.Itmakessensetoprioritizegoodsandservicesthatdirectlyaffectyourhealthandwell-being,whilelimitingthosethatarefancybutnotentirelynecessary.Hopefully,weallfullyunderstandatthispoint8theresourcesonthisplanetareindeedlimited.Acontinuousgrowthmodelisbynomeanssustainable.Asamatteroffact,wealreadyuseabout1.8Earth’sworthofrenewableresourceseveryyear.9everyoneofusdecidedtoconsumeasmuchastheaverageAmericandoes,wewouldbeusingmorethanfourEarth’sworthofrenewableresourcesannually.Asaresult,thechoice(forcedornot)tobefrugalisnotonlygoodforone’swallet,butalsobeneficialtotheplanetinthelongrun.Ifyouhaveeverchosentostarveyourself10(get)apairoflimited-editionsneakers,itishightimethatyoustartedmakingchangesforthesakeofyourselfandforallhumanity.【答案】1．one2．hasled3．which4．forcing5．among/for6．caused7．can/should8．that9．If10．toget【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在当前的经济形势下，节俭的生活方式开始流行。1．考查代词。句意：这是沃伦·巴菲特(WarrenBuffet)睿智的建议，他可以说是21世纪最伟大的金融头脑之一。分析句子结构可知，此处为WarrenBuffet的同位语，结合句意可知，此处指的是“WarrenBuffet是最伟大的金融头脑之一”，所以使用代词one。故填one。2．考查谓语动词。句意：虽然节俭的观念长期以来一直是东方文化的一部分，但中国财富的相对近期增长以及购物的便利性导致全国许多人的消费主义增加。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意和时间状语formanyacrossthecountry可知，此处应表示对现在造成的影响，所以使用现在完成时，与句子主语“therelativelyrecentgrowthofwealthinChinaaswellastheeaseofpurchasing”之间为主动关系，且aswellas连接主语时，谓语动词形式取决于前者，所以主语核心部分为名词单数。故填hasled。3．考查定语从句。句意：如今，不仅企业提供了更多样化的产品，而且互联网算法也将我们的购物模式与大数据集相匹配——这两种方式都是为了诱使人们购买比他们需要的更多的东西。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少介词宾语，所以使用关系代词，先行词指事物。故填which。4．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，商品消费的增加推高了住房、交通和食品等某些基本必需品的价格，迫使人们在花钱时重新评估自己的优先事项。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，force与其逻辑主语thisincreasedconsumptionofgoods之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填forcing。5．考查介词。句意：毫无疑问，节俭再次成为年轻人中的主流趋势。分析句子结构可知，此处为介词与空后内容构成介宾短语，结合句意可知，此处表示“在……之间”或“对……来说”均可，所以使用介词among或for。故填among/for。6．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管算法让人烦恼，但互联网上到处都是关于如何省钱的建议，以及如何花钱的好主意。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，cause与其所修饰词之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填caused。7．考查情态动词。句意：尽管算法让人烦恼，但互联网上到处都是关于如何省钱的建议，以及如何花钱的好主意。分析句子结构可知，空后为动词原形且无提示词，应为情态动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“能够”应为can或表“应该”为should。故填can/should。8．考查宾语从句。句意：希望在这一点上，我们都充分理解这个星球上的资源确实是有限的。分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句作understand的宾语，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且句意完整。故填that。9．考查状语从句。句意：如果我们每个人都决定像普通美国人那样消费，我们每年将使用超过四个地球价值的可再生资源。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表“如果”为条件状语从句，所以使用if，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。10．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你曾经为了买一双限量版运动鞋而忍饥挨饿，那么现在是时候开始为自己和全人类做出改变了。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知。此处表示“为了”作目的状语，所以使用不定式形式，且与逻辑主语you之间表主动关系。故填toget。核心考点梳理（一）语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：Wearenotready.我们没准备好。Whatafinedayitis!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如:Openthedoor,please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你，我就学英语了。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！（二）虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。所述情况从句主句例句与现在事实相反If+主语＋did（be动词用were）主语＋would/could/might/should+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkhard.与过去事实相反If＋主语＋haddone主语＋would/could/might/should+havedoneIfhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthetest.与将来事实相反1.If+主语＋did2.if+主语＋weretodo3.if+主语＋shoulddo主语＋would/could/might/should+动词原形Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.同步练习：1.Ifshehadworkedharder,she____D______.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded2.Ifmylawyer____A____herelastSaturday,he_________mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldD.were;wouldhaveprevented3.Ifhewerehere,he_____B_____ushowtodoit.A.toldB.wouldtellC.hadtoldD.havetold4.

If

it

____A_____

rain

next

week,

the

farmers

could

still

have

a

good

harvest.

A.

should

B.

could

C.

would

D.

might（三）虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/should/had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if，采用倒装语序。Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?→Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?Ifhehadrecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.→Hadherecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover(2)含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,with,butfor(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。Withoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp),wecouldnothavesucceeded.Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.Hefeltverytiredyesterday,or/otherwisehewouldhaveattendedtheparty.(3)混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)同步练习：1_____C_____youraddress，Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.A.DidIknowB.WereItoknowC.HadIknownD.IfIshouldknow2.Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she____D____somethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid3.Ifwe_____A_____200yearsold，we__________everything.A.weretobe，couldchangeB.hadbeen，changedC.were，wouldhavechangedD.shouldbe，changed4.

He

____B____

the

job

well,

but

he

__________

so

careless.

A.

hadn’t

done,

had

been

B.

could

have

done,

was

C.

could

do,

was

D.

had

done,

had

been

5.

If

I

____B____

with

her

last

summer,

I

________

with

her

now.

A.

worked…am

getting

on

very

well

B.

had

worked…would

get

on

very

well

C.

had

worked…

would

have

got

on

very

well

D.

had

worked…will

get

on

very

well

（四）虚拟语气用在名词性从句中的用法1.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在itis+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。常见的这类形容词有：advisable,anxious,better,desirable,surprising,natural,necessary,strange,important,regretful.常见的这类过去分词有：decided,demanded,recommended,requested,desired,required,ordered,suggested.常见的这类名词有：duty,pity,nosurprise,nowonder,regret,shame.Itwassuggestedthathe（should）jointheclubactivities.Itisstrange(surprising,disappointing)thatshe(should)nothavebeeninvited.Itisapitythathe(should)refusetoaccepttheoffer.同步练习:1.Itisstrangethathe____B______so.A.thinksB.thinkC.thoughtD.willthink2.ItisimportantthatI___A__withMr.Williamsimmediately.A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak3.It'sapitythathe___A___suchagoodchance.A．shouldmissB．shouldhavemissedC．hasmissedD．alltheabove2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气1)wish后所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：☆表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句☆表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时或should/couldhavedone☆表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would/could+动词原形Iwishitwerespringallyearround.Shewishedshehadstayedathome.Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.2)wouldrather,wouldsooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。☆表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式☆用过去完成式(had+过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。I’dsoonershelefttheheavyendoftheworktosomeoneelse.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。3)在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：一坚持：insist（坚持要求）；一希望：desire；二命令：order,command；四建议：suggest,advise,propose,recommend；四要求：demand,require,ask,request.Theteacherorderedthatallthebooks(should)behandedinontime.同步练习：1．Thejobwouldrequirethat___B___at7o'clockeverymorning．A．hewillbeatthefactoryB．hebeatthefactoryC．hewasatthefactoryD．hehasbeenatthefactory2.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe__C___ashorttripabroad.A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took3.Iwishyou____B______himmytelephonenumber,butyoudid.A.didn’tgiveB.hadn’tgivenC.wouldn’tgiveD.shouldn’tgive4.Frankly,I’dratheryou___C___anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.don’tdoC.didn’tdoD.willnotdoP.S.当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。Theyinsistedthathe（should）bepresentattheceremony.他们坚决要求他出席这次典礼。Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.Shesuggestedthatwe(should)leaveearly.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithlife.同步练习：1.Jane's

pale

face

suggested

that

she

___B___

ill

and

her

parents

suggested

that

she

______

a

medical

examination.

A.

be;

should

have

B.

was;

have

C.

should

be;

had

D.

was;

has2.Themaninprisoninsistedthathe____A_____nothingwrongand_________setfree.A.haddone,shouldbeB.shoulddo,shouldbeC.haddone,hadbeenD.shoulddo,hadbeen【分析】此题容易误选B，想当然地认为insist后的从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上，insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气；“被释放”还不是事实（因为他还在坐牢），故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。又如：HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.他坚持说我看过他的信。（“看信”已成为事实，故用陈述语气）HeinsistedthatIshouldreadhisletter.他坚持要我看他的信。（“看信”尚未成为事实，故用虚拟语气）请再做下面一题Thepatientinsistedthathe_________illand_________tothehospital.A.wasn’t,wasn’tsentB.wasn’t,shouldn’tbesentC.shouldn’tbe,wasn’tsentD.shouldn’tbe,shouldn’tbesent答案选B，因为在说话者看来，“没病”是事实，故用陈述语气；“不送医院”尚未成为现实，故用虚拟语气。3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice,desire,request,demand,proposal,suggestion,requirement,order.Hegaveordersthattheguests(should)behospitalentertained.Hisproposalisthatwe(should)getridofthebadhabits.同步练习：Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting___B___offtillnextweek．A．toputB．beputC．shouldputD．beputting（五）虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法在Itis(high/about)timethat…句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should+动词原形，should不可省略，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。Itistimethatwewenthome.Ithinkit’shightimethatshemadeuphermind.我想她该拿定主意了。P.S.此句型中，注意与It/Thisisthe+序数词+timethat+现在完成式的区别。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.同步练习：It’shightimeyou__C____.A.starttoworkB.wouldstarttoworkC.startedtoworkD.hadstartedtowork（六）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

①方式状语从句

由as

if

或as

though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。

☆表示与现在事实不相符，用一般过去时

The

teacher

treats

the

pupil

as

if

he

were

her

own

child.

（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）

☆表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时

I

felt

as

though

we

had

known

each

other

for

years.

（其实并没有认识多年）

☆表示与将来事实不相符，用would/might/could+do

It

looks

as

if

it

might

rain.

天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）

对比：

He

looks

as

if

he

is

young.

看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻）

He

looks

as

if

he

were

young.

看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）

②目的状语从句

a.

由in

case,

lest,

for

fear

that引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should

+

动词原形”结构，表示忧虑或目的。

Please

remind

me

of

it

again

tomorrow

in

case

I

(should)

forget.

She

emphasized

it

again

and

again,

lest

he

(should)

forget.

We

talked

the

matter

over

face

to

face

for

fear

that

there

should

be

any

misunderstanding.

b.

在in

order

that和so

that引导的目的状语从句中，往往用can(could)或may(might)。

I

shall

write

down

your

telephone

number

so

that

I

may

not

forget.

They

worked

harder

than

usual

in

order

that

they

could

finish

the

work

ahead

of

time.

We

will

tell

you

the

truth

so

that

you

can

judge

for

yourself.

③让步状语从句

让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。

Though

he

(should)

fail,

there

would

still

be

hope.

I

should

say

the

same

thing

even

if

he

were

here.

Whether

he

(should)

succeed

or

fail,

we

shall

have

to

do

our

part.

However

hard

it

might

rain

rains,

we

shall

go

there

together.

No

matter

what

his

social

position

(might)

be,

a

man

is

equal

in

the

eye

of

the

law.

同步练习：1.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey__D___friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen2.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe__A___.A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind3.Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit____B__ontheway.A.goeswrongB.gowrongC.wentwrongD.wouldgowrong（七）虚拟语气在其他情况中1.ifonly(但愿,要是…就好了)后接从句也用虚拟语气,其用法与wish类似。

If

only

you

had

worked

with

greater

care!

(but

you

didn't

work

with

greater

care)

If

only

we

had

arrived

in

time,

we

would

not

have

missed

the

train!(but

we

didn't

arrive

in

time)

IfonlyIhadenoughmoney!If

only

she

would

win!但愿她能赢!与此句型容易混淆的还有一种结构"only

if...",only置于if前表示强调if条件,意为"只要„„",用于引导陈述语气的真实条件句。

Only

if

you

study

hard,

you

will

pass

the

test.

只要你努力学习,就会通过考试。2.动词hope,intend,mean,plan,want,think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为‘本想，本打算，本认为’Hehadmeanttobuythefurniturelastweek,butitrained.（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）Ihadthoughthehadbeendeadforatleast20years.IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheUSAandstudythere,butshesaidshelikedtostayinChina.3.表示愿望的感叹句

在表示祝愿的感叹句中，用动词原形，表示愿望。

Long

live

the

People's

Republic

of

China!

中华人民共和国万岁！

May

you

be

happy!

祝您快乐！

God

bless

you!

上帝保佑你！

Success

attend

you!

祝你成功！

The

Lord

save

us!

愿主救我们！同步练习：1.I

_____C______

to

stay

there

for

one

more

week,

but

I

changed

my

mind.

A.

would

have

hoped

B.

was

hoping

C.

had

hoped

D.

hoped2.If

only

you

_____B_____

him

what

I

said!

Everything

would

have

been

all

right.

A)

didn't

told

B)

hadn't

told

C)

would

not

tell

D)

would

have

not

told小结：虚拟语气在高考中主要是在听力可能考到，也可运用于写作中，比如说这个句型：Itishightimethatwetookmeasurestodealwith….，所以我们需要掌握一下。当堂知识检测1．Itwasdemandedthattheworkingconditionsinthatarea________assoonaspossible.A．mustimprove B．improve C．wasimproved D．beimproved2．IfonlyI________anumbrellalastnight!Iwaswetthrough.A．took B．shouldtake C．hadtaken D．take3．Thenewtrafficlawrequiresthateveryone________hisorhercarcheckedatleastonceayear.A．has B．had C．willhave D．have4．JackMainsistedthatthere________noexcellentbusinessmenifeverythingwenttoosmoothlyandthatthey________asnormalinfaceofhardship.A．wouldbe:wouldcarryon B．wouldbe;carryonC．were;carriedon D．were;wouldcarryon5．WithoutthehelpofmyEnglishteacher，IthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeakingCompetition.A．wouldwin B．wouldhavewonC．wouldnotwin D．wouldnothavewon6．Itishightimethatweaction.Otherwisewelate.A．take;willbe B．take;areC．took;willbe D．took;wouldbe7．________whatwasgoingtohappennext,Iwouldneverhaveleftheralone.A．HadIknown B．IfIknow C．IfIknew D．IfhadIknown8．Ican’tstandtheyoungmansittinginthefront.Healwaystalksasthoughhe________everything.A．knew B．knows C．hasknown D．hadknown9．Theprinterisofgoodqualityitbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A．Would B．ShouldC．Could D．Might10．Theyadvisedthatapassport_____withyouatalltimes.A．carried B．wascarried C．becarried D．carry11．HespeaksChinesefluentlyasifhe_____aChinese.A．were B．hadbeenC．is D．hasbeen12．That________surprisinginthepast.A．wereconsidered B．areconsideredC．hadbeenconsidered D．wouldhavebeenconsidered13．ThebossdemandedthatMary______theworkwithinaweek.A．finished B．wouldfinish C．hadfinished D．finish14．He_____thepersonreferredtobeputinprison.A．said B．demanded C．agreed D．thought15．—Iheardyourjourneywasnotverypleasant.—Butforthesuddenrainweawonderfultime.A．willhave B．shouldhavehadC．shouldhave D．had16．—IhaveheardthatJohnwrotealonglettertothepresident.—Hisuncleinsistedthathe______it.A．did B．haddone C．do D．woulddo17．Thelocalauthoritieshadgiventheinstructionthatalltheoldbuildingsthere_____pulleddown.A．havetobe B．willbe C．be D．mustbe18．Ifyou________afewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemetthefamousscientist.A．hadcome B．havecome C．weretocome D．shouldcome19．Butforyourgeneroushelp,we________thetaskaheadoftime.A．wouldnotfulfill B．wouldnothavefulfilledC．wouldfulfill D．wouldhavefulfilled20．Susanisgoingtodeliveraspeechaboutthecultureofhiscountry,butI’drathershe________moreonitseducation.A．focus B．focused C．wouldfocus D．hadfocused21．Thisdigitalcameraisoffinequality.Ifit________breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A．would B．should C．could D．might22．—Lilylookshotanddrytoday.—So________youifyouhadsohighafever.A．do B．are C．will D．would23．HowIwishI________torepairthecellphone!Ionlymadeitworse.A．hadtried B．hadn’ttried C．havetried D．didn’ttry24．Mysuggestionisthatmorepeoplefromallwalksoflife________tofinancetheProjectwiththeirdeeperloveforthesechildren.A．beencouraged B．areencouraged C．wereencouraged D．shouldencourage25．Thomascantakehismotorapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe________mehow.A．teaches B．willteach C．hastaught D．wouldteach26．I________youavaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butI________allmymoney.A．wouldliketogive;ranoutofB．wouldliketohavegiven;ranoutofC．wouldliketogive;wasrunoutofD．wouldliketogive;ranout27．Lindacouldn’thaveansweredthequestionsoeasilyifshe________afewbooksonworldhistorybeforehand.A．hadn’tread B．hasn’tread C．wouldn’thaveread D．didn’tread28．Ifyou________thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn’tbesosleepynow.A．haven’twatched B．hadn’twatched C．didn’twatch D．wouldn’thavewatched29．Theordercamethatallthesmallcoalmines________downinhalfayear.A．wouldbeclosed B．shouldbeclosed C．mustbeclosed D．wouldclose30．—HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?—No,butIwishI________.A．will B．have C．did D．had31．________theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasilyA．Haditnotbeenfor B．Ifitwerenot C．Ifithadnotbeenfor D．Wereitnotfor32．Mydemandwasthattheinformationreferredtoinmyreport________toMr.Brownwithoutdelay.A．shouldemail B．emailed C．mustbeemailed D．bee-mailed33．Thecommandthattheinjured______tothehospitalwithoutdelay______wise.A．weresent;wasproved B．besent;provedC．shouldbesent;wasproved D．weresent;proved34．It________myteacherwhosuggestedthatI________toworkoutwhatmajorIwouldliketochoose.A．is;hadstarted B．was;startC．is;start D．was;hadstarted35．—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?—I’dliketowalk,butsincethereisnotimeleft,I’dratherwe________ataxi.A．towalk;take B．walking;tookC．towalk;took D．walking;take36．I’vetoldJennythetruthaboutthenewhouse.ButI’dratheryou________.A．didn’t B．hadn’t C．don’t D．wouldn’t37．Iftheambulancehadcomeheresoonerlastnight,thepatient________now.A．willbealive B．willhavebeenalive C．wouldhavebeenalive D．wouldbealive38．Theprofessorinsistedthathissolution________morepracticalandthatwe________itintopracticeassoonaspossible.A．was;put B．was;mustput C．shouldbe;put D．shouldbe;put39．Sorry,Iamtoobusyatthemoment.IfI________free,Iwouldcertainlygoforawalkwithyou.A．havebeen B．hadbeen C．am D．were40．________thetrafficjamonthehighway,weshouldhavearrivedatthestadiumearlier.A．Inspiteof B．Becauseof C．Butfor D．Dueto41．Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms________backasearlyaspossible.A．aresent B．besent C．willbesent D．shouldsend42．Attheroutineofficemeeting,theheadmasterinsistedtheproblems______paidspecialattentionto.A．referredtobeing B．referredtobe C．refertobeing D．refertobe43．Mysuggestionisthatyoumuchmeat.A．wouldn’ttake B．shallnottakeC．nothave D．won’thave44．—Ididn’tgotothemovielastnightbecauseoftherain.—Whatapity!IfIhadgottheticket,I__________it.A．wouldn’thavemissed B．wouldn’tmissC．didn’tmiss D．hadn’tmissed45．ThepeoplewholovepeacedothinkthatitistimetheviolentconflictsinLibya________.A．cometoanend B．puttoanendC．cametoanend D．bringtoanend46．—Yoursisternearly_____allhersparetimetoherstudyduringthethreeyears.—That’sright,orshe______thefirstplaceinherschoolintheCollegeEntranceExamination.A．devoted;wouldn’thavetaken B．spent;wouldn’thavetakenC．hadn’tdevoted;hadn’ttaken D．hadn’tspent;couldn’ttake47．Hewasdeterminedthathischildren_____tothebestschoolavailable.A．shouldgo B．went C．oughttogo D．wouldgo48．Weinsistedthatthemeaninglessargument________.A．shouldbringtoanendB．wasbroughttoanendC．mightcometoanendD．cometoanend49．_____,I’dhavetoldyou.A．IfIwouldhaveknownitB．IfIhadhaveknownitC．HadIknownitD．ShouldIknowit50．Itisthefirsttimehe________hereandnowitishightimethathe________around.A．come;shouldbeshowedB．hascome;wasshowedC．hascome;beshowedD．came;wasshowed参考答案：1．D【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：有人要求尽快改善那个地区的工作条件。Itwasdemandedthat...里It是形式主语，that从句是主语从句，从句中应用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，工作条件是被改善，因此空格处是被动语态shouldbeimproved，should可省略，故选D。2．C【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我昨晚带把伞就好了!我全身都湿透了。Ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，这里表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时，因此空格处是hadtaken，故选C。3．D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：新的交通法规要求每个人每年至少检查一次他或她的车。require后面的宾语从句中应用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可省略，因此空格处是动词原形have，故选D。4．B【详解】考查虚拟语气和陈述语气。句意：马云坚持认为，如果一切都太顺利，就不会有优秀的商人，他坚决主张他们会像往常一样面对困难。分析句意可知，第一空所在句的insisted意为“坚持认为”，that从句中用陈述语气，由insisted可知，时态用一般过去时，根据句意可知，第一空处意为“将会有”，因此用wouldbe；第二空所在句中被省略的insisted意为“坚决主张”，其后that从句用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可省略，因此第二空用carryon，故选B。5．D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语演讲比赛中获取第一名。根据句意可知，空格处谓语动词应使用would(not)havedone形式，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式，即“如果没有英语老师的帮助（实际他/她给予我很大帮助），我不会获奖”，故选D。6．D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：该是我们采取行动的时候了。否则我们就迟到了。It’shightimethat结构中用过去时；otherwise相当于if虚拟条件句，其后的主句为与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。故选D。7．A【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我知道接下来会发生什么，我绝不会丢下她一个人。本句是省略了if的条件句，且表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。使用if省略，把had提到从句主语之前，故选A。8．A【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我不能忍受坐在前面的那个年轻人。他说起话来总是好像什么都知道似的。分析句子，句中asthough意为“似乎，好像”，后面的内容表示与现在事实相反，即对现在的虚拟，故用一般过去时。故选A。9．B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果购买后第一年之内出现故障，我们将免费为您维修。根据句意可知，该空格处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气形式，为“should+主语+动词原形+其他成分”的倒装形式，且表示该假设的情况发生几率不大。故选B。10．C【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他们建议你随身携带护照。advise后跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气，即(should)+do，且passport和carry之间是被动关系，故用(should)becarried。故选C。11．A【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他说汉语是那样的流利就好像他是一个中国人。“他是一个中国人”是假设，所以此处asif引导方式状语从句中要用虚拟语气；由句意可知，与现在事实相反，be动词要用were。故选A。12．D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这在过去会被认为是令人惊讶的。从inthepast可知，不能选择B、C；wouldhavebeenconsidered是if虚拟语气句中的主句，表示同过去事实相反，该句省略了if从句。故选D。13．D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老板要求玛丽在一周内完成工作。分析句意可知，动词demand“要求”后跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should)do。故选D项。14．B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他要球被提到的这个人应该被关进监狱。A.said说；B.demanded要求；C.agreed同意；D.thought认为。demandthat后可以接虚拟语气，结构为(should)+do的形式。故选B项。15．B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我听说你的旅途不太愉快。——要不是突然下起了雨，我们会玩得很开心的。由语境可知，该句应是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应用would/should/could...＋havedone结构。故选B。16．C【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我听说约翰给总统写了一封长信。——他叔叔坚持要他做这件事。句中的insist意为“坚持要求”之意，因此宾语从句应用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式，should可以省略。故选C。17．C【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：当地政府已下令拆除那里所有的旧建筑。instruction后that引出的同位语从句，谓语动词用(should)do形式。所以谓语动词是省略should+动词原形，被拆除，是be+动词过去分词，故选C。18．A【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你早几分钟到，你就会见到那位著名的科学家。if条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用could/wouldhavedone，从句用过去完成时。故选A。19．B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有你的慷慨帮助，我们是不会提前完成任务的。根据句意可知，该题中的butfor是隐含含蓄条件的介词短语，其意义为“要不是，如果没有”，根据句意可知，该句子表示和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语动词应该用would/couldhavedone，所以先排除A项和C项；但是根据句意，主句应该用否定句，所以D项不对。故选B项。20．B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：苏珊将发表一个关于他的国家文化的演讲，但我宁愿她专注于更多关于教育的演讲。Iwouldratherthat...后接从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在或将来事实相反均用一般过去时。该句与将来事实相反，应用一般过去时。故选B项21．B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这架数码相机质量很好。如果在一年内坏了，我们将免费修理。根据句意可知，该题是考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。if虚拟条件句表示与将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用一般过去式或weretodo或should+动词原形。故选B项。22．D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——莉莉今天看起来很燥热。——如果你发这么高的烧，你也会的。根据句意可知，第二个人说的话是与现在事实相反的假设，所以，应该用虚拟语气，同时空格处又是该句子的主句，谓语动词应该用woulddo。故选D项。23．B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望我没有去修理那块表！我只让事情变得更糟了。动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时。根据句意以及“made”可知，句中表示和过去事实相反的情形，所以宾语从句用过去完成时。结合Ionlymadeitworse.可知，此处表示我多么希望我没有修理那块表，故选B。24．A【详解】考查虚拟语态。句意：我的建议是，更多各行各业的人们被鼓励用他们对这些孩子更深的爱来资助这个项目。suggestion后的表语that从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省。且主语people与encourage是被动关系，故选A。25．D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：托马斯可以把他的马达拆开再组装起来。我真希望他能教我怎么做。在wish后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，表示对将来的愿望应用would/could/mightdo。故选D。26．B【详解】考查动词的时态语态以及虚拟。句意：我本来想给你买一份贵重的生日礼物，但我把钱花光了。分析句子可知，第一空是在过去虚拟条件“如果我的钱没有花完”下，得出的结论，故需要用到wouldliketo

havedone表示“本想……但没有”。主语I和动词短语runoutof为主谓关系，故用主动形式即可。故选B项。27．A【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果琳达没有预先读过几本关于世界历史的书，她就不能这么轻易地回答这个问题了。由句意和上文的couldn'thaveanswered可知，此处是if引导的非真实条件句，表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。故选A。28．B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你昨晚没有看那部晚场电影，你现在就不会这么困了。由语意可知，之所以你感到困，是因为你昨晚看了夜场电影，由此可知如果你没有看，你就不会困。本句是错综时间条件句，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时，即haddone结构。故选B项。29．B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：命令规定半年内关闭所有小煤矿。order,advice,command等表示“建议”类名词与that从句连用，从句用虚拟语气，且用should+动词原形。故选B项。30．D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你去过长城吗？——没有，但我希望我有。Iwish...从句表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。had后面承前省略了beentotheGreatWall。故选D项。31．D【详解】考查条件状语从句中虚拟语气的用法。句意：要不是因为这些云的话，你很容易就能在空中找到那架飞机。这里的“要不是因为这些云的话”是一种与现在事实相反的假设，故用一般过去时，A、C项都是过去完成时，应排除；即为ifitwerenotfor，这里是省略了if将be动词提前，从句倒装。故选D项。32．D【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我的要求是，我报告中提到的资料应立即用电子邮件寄给布朗先生。根据句意分析句子可知，was后面是一个表语从句，空格处是该表语从句的谓语部分，而英语中demand,advice,proposal,suggestion等名词跟表语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应该用shoulddo，should可以省略，所以排除B项和C项；从句的主语theinformation和动词e-mail之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态。故选D项。33．B【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词语态。句意：立即将伤者送往医院的命令被证明是明智的。分析句子结构可知，名词command后为同位语从句，that从句常用“should+动词原形”结构的虚拟语气，should可省略。主句陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。动词prove为系动词，无被动语态。故选B。34．B【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：是我的老师建议我开始考虑我想选什么专业。主句为强调句型Itis/was+强调部分