专题3 阅读理解说明文（原卷版）

专题3阅读理解说明文（原卷版）

全国各地历年高考真题全收录

一、2023年高考真题

（―）2023新高考全国I卷C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefbrdigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationof

whatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'sright

fbryou.

Todoso,IdividedthebookintoIwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsof

digitalminiinalisin,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigital

livesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalism

philosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigital

declutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheend

ofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyou

believewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.In

doingso,TildrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigital

deciutter.You'llheartheseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellfbrthem,andwhat

trapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培养）a

sustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceof

solitude（独处）andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendon

mindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelp

youactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyourefforts

tobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.

8.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtkdecluttef,inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

（二）2023新高考全国I卷D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhat

hascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds,,effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconducted

showedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequite

accurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.

Somepeoplewill（endtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsare

averagedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilar

andtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,

thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people's

errorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（转折）onthisclassic

phenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroups

thatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthose

fromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimates

offourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20

independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhat

thegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabout

theirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthe

time,butitwasn'tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“shared

argumentsandreasonedtogcthcr.^^Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobal

reductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthe

potentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.

12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGallon'sexperiment.

13.Navajas5studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcoinmunicatcD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas'studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

（三）2023新高考全国n卷c

ReadingArcArifurBookLoversisauclcbitiliunofancvcrydiiyubjcul—thebook,icpicsculcdlicic

inalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappears

throughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists'

representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureand

time.

Inthis“bookofbooks,“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizesthese

connectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadalhomeorat

school,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描绘）alone

inmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.These

scenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,but（heyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect（才智）,wealth

orfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcould

beworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,

artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencomplete

volumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprinted

pageoutdated.Froma21st-cen:urypointofview,theprintedbonkiscertainlyancient,butitremainsas

interactiveasanybattery-poweredc-rcadcr.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:the

coveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.

Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredand

tracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,"off-line''activity.

8.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.

C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.

9.Whataretheselectedarworksabout?

A.Wealthandintellect.B.Homeandschool.

C.Booksandreading.D.Workandleisure.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto“inparagraph2mean?

A.Understand.B.Paint.

C.Seize.D.Transform.

11.Whatdocstheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-readcr?

A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.

B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.

C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.

D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatienceloread.

（四）2023新高考全国II卷D

Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecomingharderto

find.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesina

citythatarerelativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshows

thatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanw川-being.

Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,asking

themtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.The

researchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding（编码）experiencesintodifferentcategories.For

example,oneparticipant'sexperienceof"1%satandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhiie"was

assignedthecategories“sittingatbeach,,and“listeningtowaves.”

Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage''beganto

emerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportantto

visitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowingan

establishedtrail.

Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtake

partintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfulto（hem.Forexample,theexperienceof

walkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthe

park.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionby

walkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.

uWc'rctryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoour

dailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithitJsaid

PeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.

12.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?

A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.

C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingcloselonature.

13.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?

A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.

C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors'summaries.

14.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?

A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.

B.Youngpeoplearctoobusytointeractwithnature.

C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.

D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.

15.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingloKahn?

A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.

C.Publiceducation.D.Intcrculturalcommunication.

（五）2023全国甲卷c

Iwasabout13whenanundegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder'sSophiesWorld.Itwasfullof

ideasthatwerenew（ome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoulof（hatbook.Ilspoketomeand

broughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲学）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthan

peoplewhothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou—andthentryto

explainthem.

Ericweiner'sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessensfromDeadPhilosophersreawakened

myloveforphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseach

philosopher'sworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisaread

inwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregrets

likeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutundestandingphilosophy,isabookabourlearningtouse

philosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercise（hatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,

andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportant

philosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding（解读）their

mssagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityand

graduallypullsthemindeepertlioughtsondcsirc,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weiner

wantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It's

worthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedon'thavealotof.

8.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfbrtheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JostcinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

9.Whydocstheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeinersbook.

10.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

11.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeinersbook?

A.Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

（六）2023全国甲卷D

Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupyaconflicted

corneroftheAmericanpsyche-werevere（敬畏）themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.Askthe

touristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,and

theiranswerisoftenthesame:agrizzlybear.

“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange,“saysbearbiologistChris

Servheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven'tbeenseeninacenturyor

more,they'reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.

ThewesternhalfoftheU.S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof

50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcrueland

continuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangein

theNorthernRockies.In1975,grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.

Today,thereareabout2.000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU.S.Theirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessful

thattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtodelistgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegal

protectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservation

groups.Fornow,grizzliesremainlisted.

Obviously,ifprecautions（预防）aren'ttaken,grizzliescanbecometroublesome,sometimeskilling

farmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheir

yardsandcampsites,grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaround

chickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway."Ourhope

istohaveaclean,attractant-frccplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,44says

JamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.

12.HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?

A.Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.

B.Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.

C.Theyareofhighscientificvalue.

D.TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.

13.Whathashelpedtheincreaseof(hegrizzlypopulation?

A.TheEuropeansettlers'behavior.

B.Theexpansionofbears5range.

C.Theprotectionbylawsince1975.

D.ThesupportofNativeAmericans.

14.WhathasstoppedtheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicefromdelistinggrizzlies?

A.Theoppositionofconservationgroups.

B.Thesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzlies.

C.Thevoiceof(hebiologists.

DThelocalfarmers'advocates.

15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.

B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.

C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.

D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.

(七)2023全国乙卷A

A

PRACTITIONERS

JacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)JamesBarry(c.1789—1865)wasborn

highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressedas

medicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinaman,shewasacceptedbyEdinburgh

Florence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalified

asaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In1322asasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedthe

shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.InspiteBritishArmy,servingoverseas.Barry

ofthecourthearingtestimonials(证明)ofherretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentire

abilityasadoctor,shewasbannedfrommedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasa

medicine.man.

TanYunxian(1461—1554)wasaChineseRebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)

physicianwholearnedherskillsfromherworkedasanurseforeightyearsbefore

grandparents.ChinesewomenatthetimecouldstudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin

notserveapprenticeships(学徒期)withdoctors.1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirst

However,Tanpassedtheofficialexam.TanAfricanAmericanwomantoreceivea

treatedwomenfromallwalksoflife.In1511,medicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain

Tanwroteabook.SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcareto

describingherlifeasaphysician.freedslaves.

1.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommon?

A.Doingteachingjobs.B.Beinghiredasphysicians.

C.Performingsurgery.D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.

2.HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?

A.Shewroteabook.B.Shewentthroughtrials.

C.Sheworkedasadentist.D.Shehadformaleducation.

3.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?

AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.

C.JamesBarry.D.RcbcccaLeeCrumpler.

（A）2023全国乙卷c

WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSunday

dinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasa

reputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyon

ourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.

It'sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcanpaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrom

meat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.Itis

recentlyreportedthatthenumberof（hoseslickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalf

ofBritain'sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.Therehasbeenarise

inthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTV

programmeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking.

Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5Britonssaythatwatchingcookeiy

programmesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawider

varietyofingredients（配料）thantheyusedto,andjustunderIin4saytheynowbuybetterquality

ingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentabout

expandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedin

cooking.TheUK'sobsession（痴迷）withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshows

anddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.Withanincreasingnumberofmale

chefsonTV,it'snolonger“uncool“fbrboystolikecooking.

8.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood?

A.Itissimpleandplain.B.Itisrichinnutrition.

C.Itlacksauthentictastes.D.Itdeservesahighreputation.

9.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTV?

A.Authoritative.B.Creative.C.Profitable.D.Influential.

10.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?

A.20%.B.24%.C.25%.D.33%.

11.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?

A.Theartofcookinginothercountries.B.Ma'echefsonTVprogrammes.

C.TablemannersintheUK.D.Studiesofbigeaters.

（九）2023年2月四省联考c

Foryears,DavidJames,whostudiesinsectsatWashingtonStateUniversity,hadwantedtoexamine

themigration（迁徙）patternsofWestCoastmonarchbutterflies（黑脉金斑蝶）.Theroute（hebutterflies

travelhasbeenhardlyknownbecausethepopulationsaretoosmalltofollow.Forevery200monarchs

lagged（打标签）byaresearcher,onlyoneisusuallyrecoveredattheendofits（rip,Jamessays,and

findingeven200inthewildtotagisunlikely.Knowingtherouteisvitaltoconservationefforts,but

Jameshadnowaytofigureitout-untilhegotaphonecallfromWashingtonStatePenitentiaryinWalla

Walla.

Theprisonwaslookingfornewactivities（oimprove（hementalhealthofthoseservinglong-term

sentences.SoJamesbeganworkingwithprisonerstoraisemonarchsthrough（hewholeprocessoftheir

transformation.Theadultinsectswerethentaggedandreleasedfromtheprison.Overfiveyears,nearly

10,000monarchsflewfromthefacility.ElsewhereinWashington,OregonandIdaho,researchers

releasedanotherfewthousand.

Thetagsincludedemailaddresses,andsoonafterthefirstbutterfliestookoff,Jamesstarted

receivingmessagesfrompeoplewhohadspottedthem.Thebutterflies,thereportsconfirmed,winteredin

coastalCalifornia.Twelveof（hemlandedatLighthouseFieldStateBeachinSantaCruz.Severalmore

headed（oBolinasandMorroBay.

Theworkhelpsresearchersidentifyidealplacestoplantmilkweedandothervegetationthatare

importanttothelifecycleofWestCoastmonarchbutterflies.Italsobroughtoutthegentlersideofsome

oftheprisoners."Theywereveryworriedthattheyweregoingtoharmthebutterflies,''Jamessays.

Watchingthemonarchchangetheirformalsotouchedthemen“Thisbutterflychanged,Jamesrecalls

prisonerstellinghim,“andmaybewecantoo.”

8.WhatwashardforDavidtodoinhisstudy?

A.Gainfinancialsupport.B.Hirequalifiedworkers.

C.Buildanewlaboratory.D.Findenoughmonarchs.

9.Whyarethebutterfliestaggedbeforebeingreleased?

A.Toguarantee（heirsafety.

B.Toenablethemtoflylongerdistances.

C.Totracktheirtravelroutes.

D.Todistinguishthemfromotherspecies.

1（）.Whatmakestheprisonersfeelthattheycanchange?

A.Thepatiencethebutterfliesshowed.

B.Thehardshipthebutterfliesunderwent.

C.Thetransformationofthebutterflies.

D.ThedevotionofJamestothebutterflies.

11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theimpactoftheresearch.

B.ThefindingsofJames'study.

C.Thereleaseoftheprisoners.

D.Thelifecycleofthebutterflies.

（十）2023年2月四省联考D

Weallknowthatunpleasantfeelingwhenwe'retalkingaboutsomethinginterestingandhalfway

throughoursentencewe'reinterrupted.Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhom

youask,accordingtonewresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfrorrStanfordUniversity.

Usingasetofcontrolledaudioclips（录音片段），Hiltonsurveyed5,000AmericanEnglishspeakers

tobetterunderstandwhatafleetspeople'sperceptionsofinterruptions.Shehadparticipantslistertoaudio

clipsandthenanswerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listening

tooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.

HiltonfoundthatAmericanEnglishspeakershavedifferentconversationalstyles.Sheidentifiedtwo

distinctgroups:highandlowintensityspeakers.Highintensityspeakersaregenerallyuncomfortablewith

momentsofsilenceinconversationandconsidertalkingatthesametimeasignofengagement.Low

intensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherin

conversation.

Thedifferencesinconversationalstylesbecameevidentwhenparticipantslistenedtoaudioclipsin

whichtwopeoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic,Hilton

said.Thehighintensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhen

expressingagreementwerenotintenuptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswith

momentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamount

ofsimultaneous（同时）chatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakersweresaying.

“PeoplecareaboutbeinginteiTupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectonthe

overallcommunication,“Hiltonsaid."'Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewant

tounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.”

12.WhatdoesHilton'sresearchfbcuson?

A.Whatinterruptionsmeantopeople.

B.Whetherinterruptionis