《红对勾》2022届高考英语人教版新课标一轮总复习-滚动测试12

课时作业12HealthyeatingⅠ.阅读理解(2021·湖北省重点中学联考)“Eatlocal.”It'sonewaytoreducehumaneffectontheplanet.Eatinglocalmeanstotrytobuyandconsumefoodsthataregrowninplacesclosetohome.However,mostofthefoodsoldatsupermarketsisnotlocallygrownorproduced.Trucksandplanesdeliverthesefoodsfromhundredsorthousandsofmilesaway.Duringthetransportation,greenhousegasesareproduced,causingglobalwarming.Sotheshorterthedistanceyourfoodsmusttravel,thelesstheharmisdonetotheenvironment.Buthowdoyougetlocalfoodifyouliveinalargecity,hundredsofmilesawayfromfarms?EnvironmentalhealthscientistDicksonDespommierandhisstudentscameupwiththeideaofa“vertical(垂直的)farm”．Averticalfarmisaglass­walledstructurethatcouldbebuiltastallasaskyscraper.Sincethegardenisbuiltupwards,ratherthanoutwards,itrequiresmuchlessspacethananordinaryfarm.Theworldisquicklyrunningoutofroomforordinaryfarming.Verticalfarmscouldbeakeytothissituation.Despommierimaginesa30­storybuildingwithagreenhouseoneveryfloor.Thewallsofthebuildingwouldbeclear,toallowcropstogetasmuchsunlightaspossible.Dependingonacity'swaterresources,Despommierthinkshydroponic(水培)farmingisanothermethodfortheverticalfarmwhichneedsnosoiltogrowplants.Despommiersaysthehydroponicgreenhouseswoulduseasystemthatwoulduseacity'swastewaterandfillitwithnutritiontomakethecropsgrow.Ifthismethodworks,itwouldprovidefoodtoacityandsavemillionsoftonsofwater.Theideaofaverticalfarmhasattractedtheattentionofgovernmentofficialsaroundtheworld.ScottStringer,agovernmentofficialfromNewYorkCity,thinksthecityissuitablefortheverticalfarming.“Obviouslywedon'thavemuchlandleftforus，”Stringersaid,“ButtheskyisthelimitinManhattan.”Despommieradmitsthatthereisstillalotofworktodotomakeverticalfarmsareality.“ButIthinkverticalfarmingisanideathatcanworkinabigway.”hesays.1．Whyarepeopleadvisedtoeatlocal?A．Becauseitmeansconveniencetopeople.B．Becauseitcanhelppeoplesavealotofmoney.C．Becauselocalfoodhasmorenutrition.D．Becauseitisenvironmentallyfriendly.2．Whichisoneoftheverticalfarm'sbenefitswhencomparedwithordinaryfarming?A．Itproduceshealthierfood.B．Itdoeslessharmtothecities.C．Itconsumesmoreenergyofthecity.D．Itneedslessspaceofthecity.3．Bysaying“theskyisthelimitinManhattan”，Stringermeans________.A．peoplecanmakefulluseofverticalspaceofManhattanB．thereisalimitforusingemptylandinManhattanC．theheightofbuildingsinManhattanislimitedD．Manhattanhasagreatpotentialfordevelopment4．Whatcanwelearnabouttheverticalfarminginthepassage?A．Inaverticalfarm,soilmaynotbeneededtogrowplants.B．Ithassolvedtheproblemofthefoodshortageinabigway.C．Itisa30­storybuildingwithagreenhouseoneveryfloor.D．Cropsaremainlygrownintherainwaterinaverticalfarm.答案与解析这篇文章介绍了建议人们吃当地食物，由于对环境有好处。1．D细节理解题。依据第一段最终一句Sotheshorterthedistanceyourfoodsmusttravel,thelesstheharmisdonetotheenvironment.可知人们被建议吃当地食物的缘由是对环境有好处，故选D项。2．D细节理解题。依据倒数其次段Theideaofaverticalfarmhasattractedtheattentionofgovernmentofficialsaroundtheworld.ScottStringer,agovernmentofficialfromNewYorkCity,thinksthecityissuitablefortheverticalfarming.“Obviouslywedon'thavemuchlandleftforus，”Stringersaid,“ButtheskyisthelimitinManhattan.”可知优点在于它需要城市中比较少的空间，故选D项。3．A句意理解题。依据最终一段Despommieradmitsthatthereisstillalotofworktodotomakeverticalfarmsareality.“ButIthinkverticalfarmingisanideathatcanworkinabigway.”hesays.可知Stringer的意思是人们应当充分利用曼哈顿的垂直空间，故选A项。4．A推理推断题。第三段最终一句Despommierthinkshydroponic(水培的)farmingisanothermethodfortheverticalfarmwhichneedsnosoiltogrowplants.可知有些农田不需要土壤来生长植物，故选A项。Ⅱ.完形填空Onenight,whenIwaseight,mymothergentlyaskedmeaquestionIwouldneverforget.“Sweetie,mycompanywantsto__1__mebutneedsmetoworkinBrazil.Thisislikeyourteachertellingyouthatyou'vedone__2__andallowingyoutoskipagrade(跳级),butyou'llhaveto__3__yourfriends.Wouldyousayyestoyourteacher？”Shegavemeahugandaskedmetothinkaboutit.Iwaspuzzled.Thequestionkeptme__4__fortherestofthenight.Ihadsaid“yes”butforthefirsttime,Irealizedthe__5__decisionsadultshadtomake.Foralmostfouryears,mymotherwouldcallusfromBrazileveryday.EveryeveningI'd__6__waitforthephonetoringandthentellhereverydetailofmyday.Aphonecall,however,couldneverreplaceher__7__anditwasdifficultnottofeellonelyattimes.DuringmyfourthgradeChristmasbreak,weflewtoRiotovisither.Lookingatherlarge__8__apartment,Ibecame__9__howlonelymymothermusthavebeeninBrazilherself.Itwasthen__10__Istartedtoappreciatethetoughchoicesshehadtomakeon__11__familyandwork.__12__difficultdecisions,sheusedtotellme,youwouldn'tknowwhetheryoumadetherightchoice,butyoucouldalwaysmakethebestoutofthesituation,withpassionanda__13__attitude.Backhome,I__14__myselfthatwhatmymothercoulddo,Icould,too.Ifshe__15__toliveinRioallbyherself,I,too,couldlearntobe__16__.Ilearnthowtotakecareofmyselfandsethighbutachievable__17__.Mymotherisnowbackwithus.ButIwillneverforgetwhatthe__18__hasreallytaughtme.Sacrifices__19__intheend.Theseparationbetweenushasprovedtobea__20__forme.1．A.attractB．promoteC．surprise D．praise2．A.little B．muchC．well D．wrong3．A.leave B．refuseC．contact D．forgive4．A.explaining B．sleepingC．wondering D．regretting5．A.poor B．timelyC．final D．tough6．A.eagerly B．politelyC．nervously D．curiously7．A.patience B．presenceC．intelligence D．influence8．A.comfortable B．expensiveC．empty D．modern9．A.interestedin B．awareofC．doubtfulabout D．satisfiedwith10．A.when B．whereC．which D．that11．A.abandoning B．balancingC．comparing D．mixing12．A.Dependingon B．SuppliedwithC．Facedwith D．Insistingon13．A.different B．friendlyC．positive D．general14．A.criticized B．informedC．warned D．reminded15．A.managed B．offeredC．attempted D．expected16．A.grateful B．energeticC．independent D．practical17．A.examples B．limitsC．rules D．goals18．A.question B．experienceC．history D．occasion19．A.payoff B．comebackC．runout D．turnup20．A.blessing B．gatheringC．failure D．pleasure答案与解析母爱无言，妈妈为家庭所做的努力和牺牲让作者体会颇深，使作者学会了独立和设定有确定高度但可达到的目标。1．B下文提到“就像你老师说你做得好能跳级一样”可推断，此处指妈妈的公司想提拔妈妈，故选B项。attract“吸引”；promote“提升，提拔”；surprise“吃惊”；praise“表扬”。2．C能跳级说明学习很好，故选C项。3．A既然要跳级，当然要离开自己的伴侣，故选A项。leave“离开”；refuse“拒绝”；contact“联系”；forgive“原谅”。4．C整个晚上的其他时间“我”都在想这个问题。explain“解释”；sleeping“睡觉”；wonder“想知道，琢磨”；regret“懊悔，圆满”。5．D“我”首次意识到大人们要做的困难的选择。poor“贫困的”；timely“准时的”；final“最终的”；tough“困难的，困难的”。6．A前文提到妈妈每天都会给“我”打电话，下文提到“我”告知她生活中的点滴，故此处表示每天傍晚“我”都会急迫地等在电话前。eagerly“急迫地”；politely“有礼貌地”；nervously“紧急地”；curiously“奇异   地”。7．B后文提到作者放假去探望妈妈可知，此处表示的是即使妈妈每天打电话也不能代替她在身边，故选B项。patience“急躁”；presence“在场”；intelligence“智力”；influence“影响”。8．C依据下文“howlonelymymother”可知妈妈很孤独，所以她住的公寓应当也是空荡荡的。comfortable“舒适的”；expensive“昂贵的”；empty“空的”；modern“现代的”。9．B看到妈妈空荡荡的公寓“我”意识到妈妈一个人在巴西是多么孤独。becomeinterestedin“对……感爱好”；becomeawareof“意识到”；becomedoubtfulabout“对……怀疑”；becomesatisfiedwith“对……满足”。10．D就是在那时“我”开头鄙视妈妈所做出的困难的选择。Itwas...that...构成强调句型。11．B妈妈要在工作和家庭之间保持平衡。abandon“放弃”；balance“平衡”；compare“比较”；mix“混合”。12．C妈妈告知“我”在面临这些困难选择时，你不知道你所做的打算是否正确。dependon“取决于；依靠”；supplywith“供应”；befacedwith“面临，面对”；insiston“坚持”。13．C依据passion可知妈妈告知作者要充分利用所处的境地，要有热忱和乐观的态度。different“不同的”；friendly“友好的”；positive“乐观的”；general“一般的”。14．D前文提到“我”意识到妈妈所做的一切有多么困难，回来后“我”不断提示自己妈妈能做的“我”也能做到，故选D项。criticize“批判”；inform“告知，通知”；warn“警告”；remind“提示”。15．A假如妈妈能独拘束里约热内卢生活，“我”也能独立。managetodo“成功做某事”；offertodo“主动做某事”；attempttodo“试图做某事”；expecttodo“期望做某事”。16．C依据takecareofmyself(照看“我”自己)可知此处表示“我”也能学会独立。grateful“感谢的”；energetic“精力充分的”；independent“独立的”；practical“实际的”。17．D此处表示作者会为自己设定有确定高度但能达到的目标。example“例子”；limit“限制”；rule“规章”；goal“目标”。18．B“我”永久也不会遗忘那次经受所教会“我”的。question“问题”；experience“经受”；history“历史”；occasion“场合”。19．A牺牲最终得到了回报。payoff“取得好的结果，得到回报”；comeback“回来”；runout“用完”；turnup“毁灭，调大”。20．A“我”与妈妈的分别结果成为了对“我”有益的事情。blessing“祝愿，好事，有益之事”；gathering“聚集，聚会”；failure“失败”；pleasure“欢快”。Ⅲ.语法填空Mr.Joneswokeearlyonemorning.Itwasabeautifulmorning,sohewenttothewindowandlookedout.Hewassurprisedtoseea__1__(neat)dressed,middle­agedprofessor,__2__workedintheuniversitynearhishouse.Hehadgreyhairandthickglasses,andwascarrying__3__umbrella,amorningnewspaperandabag.Mr.Jonesthoughtthathemusthavearrivedbythenighttrainanddecidedtowalktotheuniversityinsteadof__4__(take)ataxi.Mr.Joneshadabigtreeinhisgarden,andthechildrenhadtiedalongropetooneofits__5__(branch)sothattheycouldswingonit.Mr.Joneswassurprisedtoseetheprofessorstopandlook__6__(care)upanddowntheroad.Whenhesawthattherewasnobody__7__sight,hesteppedintothegarden(therewasnofence),puthisumbrella,newspaper,bagandhatneatlyonthegrassandtookholdoftherope.Hepulledithardtosee__8__itwasstrongenoughtotakehisweight,thenranasfastashecouldand__9__(swing)intotheairontheendoftherope.Atlasttheprofessorstoppedandcontinuedonhisway__10__theuniversity,lookingasquietandcorrectasonewouldexpectaprofessortobe.答案与解析1．neatly修饰实义动词用副词。2．who先行词为人，定语从句中缺主语，故用who引导。3．an表示“一个”，用不定冠词。4．taking介词后用动名词作宾语。5．branchesoneof后跟复数名词。6．carefully修饰实义动词用副词。7．ininsight看得见。8．whether/ifwhether/if引导宾语从句意为“是否”。9．swung该空与ran并列，故用过去式swung。10．toonone'swayto在某人去某地的路上。Ⅳ.短文改错(2021·浙江省宁波市阶段性考试)DearSirorMadam，Thankyoufortakingyourtimetoreadmyletter.IamwritingtoapplytobeavolunteerofthecomingInternationalTradeExposition.Allourcitizensarehostforthisgreatevent.Allofusshouldworkhardtomakewellpreparationsforit.IpromiseIwouldtrytoserveforourhonoredguestsfromallovertheworldwithenthusiasm.Besides,havearichknowledgeofChinesehistory,Iwillbenotonlyaservantbutalsoacarrierforoursplendidlyculture.What'smore,English,aninternationallanguage,willplayimportantroleincommunicationduringtheExposition.Unluckily,Iamgoodatthemandcanexpre