2021年高考英语考点总动员系列-专题01-冠词和名词(解析版)

【母题再现】题型介绍：冠词的用法和名词词义辨析考点，是英语高考命题的热点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：定冠词的用法、不定冠词的用法、定冠词和不定冠词混合命题、名词词义辨析、名词的单复数、名词作定语、名词的全部格等。命题形式：本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.单选填空（毁灭在自主命题区）；2.语法填空（短文填空）（毁灭在全国卷中）3.短文改错。高考选题：题型1：【2022·天津卷】8.Lifethelike________ocean;Only________strong-willedcanreachtheothershore.A.an;theB.the;aC.the;/D./;a题型2：【2022·新课标全国卷Ⅰ】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It__61__(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit__62__(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof__63__mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalclean­up.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays__64__evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork__65__(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris__66__(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit__67__isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare__68__(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe__69__(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe__70__(patience).点评：69空考查change的名词复数形式；70空考查名词patience的形容词形式，题型3：【2022·全国新课标I】短文改错（10分）Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedSomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden.Sincethenforalltheseyearwehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!【小题4】依据时间状语Sincethen可知，本句用现在完成进行时。所以把had变成have。解题技巧：冠词学问是高考中的必考内容，也是教学的难点。由于英汉的差异，汉语中没有冠词的概念，导致同学把握起来较难。把握冠词的用法关键把握以下几点：1.理解特指和泛指；2.理解具体和抽象。名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析，对应同义词辨析，我们确定要平常留意积累。关键做题阅历可知，同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中，关键固定短语来推断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。其次，名词的单复数的考查也是高频考点。解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：名词类试题应留意：1、名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。另外,高考还考查简洁混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词惯用法等。2、名词的数（可数与不行数、单数与复数）、名词的全部格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓全都等。3、名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。如：sheltern庇护，避难所→vt疼惜，躲避，避难；stormn.暴风雨；大动荡→vi&vt横冲直撞，

猛攻；shouldern.肩，肩膀，肩部→vt肩负，担当；trailn.小径，痕迹→vt追踪。冠词的考查几乎每年都有一两道题，而且基本都设两空。一般状况下，试题的情景较为曲折,句式以复合句为主。另外,在短文改错和语法填空中也经常涉及冠词的考查。考查要点主要包括：1、定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。2、定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用状况、比较级前冠词使用的几种状况。3、冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。4、零冠词的运用。另外,还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。把握冠词须把握好以下三个原则：（1）单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；（2）复数可数名词及不行数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；（3）无论可数名词还是不行数名词，表示特指其前都要加定冠词the。【考点揭秘】高频考点一：考查短语中的冠词【2022届广西桂林十八中第六次月考】Anewmanagerwillcometotake_____chargeofthiscompany,whichwasin_____chargeofMr.Wang.A．the;theB．/;/C．the;/D．/;the高频考点二：抽象名词具体化的冠词【2022届山东省烟台市3月模拟】5．—HaveyougotnewsthataterroristincidentoccurredinKunmingtheotherday?—Yes，it’sshocktoallofus．A．the；theB．a；不填C．the；aD．不填；a高频考点三：理解定冠词的特指功能【2022届陕西省西工大附中上学期第三适应性训练】14.–Whichis_______moredevelopedcountry,theUnitedStatesorCanada?–Theformerin_______way.A.a;a B.the;the C.the;a D.a;the高频考点四：深刻理解不定冠词表泛指Anaccidenthappenedat________supermarketafewmetersawayfrom________park.A.a;aB./;aC./;theD.the;/高频考点五：利用固定短语找到正确答案【2022届广西桂林十八中第三次月考】—Theschooliswellequipped.—Yes,andeverystudenthasfree________tothelibrary.A.chanceB.rightC.useD.access高频考点六：留意考查句子的语境理念，四个选项不是同义词或近义词【2022届浙江省台州市一模】4.Afteralongdayofhardwork,myonlyistogetbackhomeandhaveagoodsleep. A.concern B.ambition C.reward D.burden【直击高考】冠词1.【2022·重庆卷】6.Ican’ttellyou_______waytotheWilsons’becausewedon’thave_______Wilsonhereinthevillage.A.the;aB.a;/C.a;theD.the;/2.【2022·浙江卷】2.Thepaperisduenextmonth,andIamworkingsevendays______week,oftenlonginto______night.

A.a;the

B.the;

不填

C.a;a

D.

不填；the3.【2022·江西卷】22.TheychoseTomtobe___captainoftheteambecausetheyknewhewas__smartleader.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a4.【2022·陕西卷】19.________villagewhereIwasbornhasgrowninto________town.A.The;a B.A;the C.The;the D.A;a名词1.【2022·天津卷】3.Windisnowtheworld’sfastestgrowing________ofpower.sourceB.senseC.resultD.root2.【2022·福建卷】26.—Couldyoutellmethe____ofmakingsuchtastycakes?—Well,Ijustfollowthedirectonsinthecookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick3.【2022·湖北卷】Her_____ forwritingwasadesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation.A.motivation B.qualificationC.talent D.technique4.【2022·湖北卷】WhenRichardsaid，“Youaremuchmoreagreeableandprettiernow，Joan’sfaceturnedredattheunexpected_____.A.command B.comparisonC.complimentD.contribution5.【2022·江苏卷】27.Shewasputunderhousearresttwoyearsagobutremainedapowerful________inlastyear’selection.A.symbol B.portrait C.identity D.statue6.【2022·安徽卷】29．—Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudon'thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That'sagood.A.sayingB.questionC.suggestionD.account7.【2022·浙江卷】6.

Wemostprefertosayyestothe______ofsomeoneweknowandlike.

A.attempts

B.requests

C.doubts

D.promises【课后反馈】夯实基础：1．【山东省郯城一中2022届高三12月月考】WiththesuccessfullaunchofTiangong-l,whichwas_____breakthroughinspacefield,China'sspacedreamtookastepcloserto_____reality.Aa;/B.theaC.a;theDthe;/近现实。故A正确。考点：考查冠词2．【山东省试验中学2022届高三上学期其次次模拟考试】Onyourwayhome,you’dbettergetthemedicineatchemist’s;takethepillthreetimesadayaftermeals.A、the;the B、the,/ C、/,/ D、/,the3．【山东省试验中学2022届高三第一次模拟考试】—Whatabout__________lectureyesterday?—Well，__________mostboringoneindeed.A.／；theB.the；aC.the;theD.／；a4．【浙江省瑞安中学2022届高三上学期期中考试】Fromthetopofthehill,wegotaspectacular____________ofSanFranciscoBayandthecity.A.view B.scene C.scenery D.sign5．【浙江省绍兴市第一中学2022届高三上学期回头考】“Idon’tthinkit’smy_______thattheTVblewup.Ijustturnediton.That’sall.”saidtheboy. A.errorB.mistakeC.faultD.duty【答案】C力气拓展：6．【浙江省温州市十校联合体2022届高三上学期期中联考】TropicalStormFitowonJuly7,2021hascausedserious_______toWenzhou’seconomy.A.damage B.injury C.wound D.ruin7．【浙江省台州市2022届高三下学期三月第一次模拟】Afteralongdayofhardwork,myonlyistogetbackhomeandhaveagoodsleep. A.concern B.ambition C.reward D.burden8．【2022届四川省成都市树德中学高三3月阶段性考试试题】Nowadays,_____growingnumberofChinesestudentsaregoingabroadtoseek______betterfuture.The,aB.a,theC.a,aD.the,the9．【2022届四川省成都外国语学校高三10月月考试题】Goingonatripinto______spacemustbequite______excitingexperience.A./;the B./;an C.the;an D.the;a10．【2022届甘肃天水一中一诊】阅读下面短文,依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,要求在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置Withthe1____________(develop)ofindustry,airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious.InBeijing,manypeoplesufferdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause2___________airpollution.

Airpollutioniscausedbythefollowing3_________:abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles.Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygiveoff4__________(poison)gases.25%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.Anotherfactoristhesmokers.Smokingnotonlydoesharmtotheirhealth5__________toothers.6_________these,about10%ofairpollutioniscausedbyotherreasons.

Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofight7____________pollution.Newfuelcanbeusedtotake8___________placeofgas.Wecanplantmoretrees.Ifeverybodyrealizesthe9___________(important)ofenvironmentanddoessomethingtostoppollution,theproblemwill10____________(solve).自我提升：11．【2022届四川省成都外国语学校高三2月月考试题】Peopledevelop______preferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningat______earlyageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning.A.a;an B.a;不填C.不填;the D.the;an12．【2022届四川省宜宾市高中一诊英语试题】China’sone-childfamilypolicywhichhashadgreateffectonthelivesofaquarteroftheworld’spopulationwillcometoend.A.a;an B.不填；an C.a;the D.a;不填13．【浙江省象山一般高中2022届高三其次次模拟】Theteacherwantshisstudentstoknowmoreaboutmodernscienceandtrieshardtodevelopa（n）___aboutnatureamonghisstudents． A．curiosity B．habit C．ability D．independence14．【2022届贵州省六校联盟二联考】阅读下面短文，依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或者括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41~50的相应位置上。AlfredAlder,afamouspsychiatrist,had1interestingexperience.Whenhewasasmallboyhegotofftoapoorstartinarithmetic(算术).Histeachergottheideathathehadnoabilityinarithmetic,andtoldhisparents2shethoughtinorderthattheywouldnotexpecttoomuchofhim.Inthisway,theytoodevelopedtheidea,“Isn’t3toobadthatAlfredcan’tdoarithmetic?”Heacceptedtheirmistakenestimateofhisability,4(feel)thatitwasuselesstotry,andthathewasverypooratarithmetic,justastheyexpected.Onedayhebecameveryangryattheteacherandtheotherstudentsbecausetheylaughedwhenhesaidhesawhowtodoaproblemwhichnoneoftheotherstudentshadbeenabletosolve.Adlersucceeded5solvingtheproblem.Thisgavehim6(confident).Herejectedtheideathathecouldnotdoarithmeticandwas7(determine)toshowthemthathecould.Hisangerandhisnewfoundfaithstimulatedhimtogoatarithmeticproble