2021高考英语信息匹配类、阅读类选练及答案4

阅读理解。阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。IsaacSternwasmorethanagreatviolinplayer.Hewasoneofthemosthonoredmusiciansintheworld.Hewasaninternationalculturalambassador.HewasamajorsupporteroftheartsinAmericaandinothercountries.Hewasateacherandactivist.IsaacSternwasbornin1920inwhatisnowUkraine.HisparentsmovedtoSanFrancisco，Californiathefollowingyear.HismotherbeganteachingIsaacthepianowhenhewassix.Hebegantakingviolinlessonsafterhearingafriendplaytheinstrument.Later，hebeganstudyingmusicattheSanFranciscoConservatory(音乐学院)．Heprogressedquickly.Whenhewas16，heplayedwiththeSanFranciscoSymphonyOrchestra.Thenextyear，heperformedinNewYorkCityandwaspraisedbymusiccritics.DuringWorldWarII，Mr.SternplayedforthousandsofAmericansoldiers.Itwasthefirsttimemanyofthemhadheardclassicalmusic.Afterthewar，hewasthefirstAmericanviolinisttoperforminaconcertintheSovietunion.HealsosupportedyoungmusiciansandculturalorganizationsinIsrael.In1979，IsaacSternvisitedChina.HemetwithChinesemusiciansandstudents.HetaughtthemaboutclassicalWesternmusic.Hisvisitwasmadeintoafilm，whichiscalledFromMaotoMozart：IsaacSterninChina.ItwonanAcademyAwardforbestdocumentaryfilm.In1984，IsaacSternreceivedtheKennedyCenterHonorsAwardforhisgiftstoAmericanculturethroughmusic.Heexpressedhisthoughtsaboutthepartthatmusicplaysinlife.Hesaidhebelievedthatmusicmakeslifebetterforeveryone，especiallychildren.Mr.Sternsupportedandguidedyoungerclassicalmusicians.TheyincludeviolinistsItzhakPerlmanandPinchasZukerman，cellistYo­YoMa，andpianistYefimBronfman.IsaacSterndiedin2001attheageof81.Hewasamajorinfluenceonmusicinthe20thcentury.Heleavestheworldricherwithhismanyrecordings.【文章大意】本文具体介绍了小提琴家艾萨克·施特恩的生平以及他在音乐方面和国际文化方面的贡献。1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutIsaacStern?A．HewasborninCaliforniainthe1920s.B．Hehadvisitedmanycountriestoadvertisehisrecordings.C．Heplayedlessthanonehundredconcertsinall.D．Hisexcellentmusiclifelastedover60years.答案：D细节理解题。依据上下文可知，他从16岁的时候就开头表演，81岁的时候去世，所以他的音乐人生经受了60多年，所以D项是正确的。2．Theunderlinedword“cellist”inParagraph6mayreferto________.A．someonewhosupportsyoungmusiciansB．someonewhowantstobeamusicianC．someonewhohasagiftformusicD．someonewhoplaysacertainkindofinstrument答案：D词义猜想题。依据前文的violinists“小提琴家”和下文的pianist“钢琴家”可以猜想是演奏某种乐器的人。3．Fromthepassage，wecaninferthat________.A．IsaacSterninfluencedthecultureinthe20thcenturyalotB．IsaacSternwasoneofthemostactivemusiciansofhisdayC．IsaacSternwassobusythathecouldn'tsparetimetoeducatetheyouthD．IsaacSternledarichlifeinhislaterlife答案：B推理推断题。依据文章中他的音乐经受可以推知他是他所在的年月里最活跃的音乐家之一，因此B项符合文意。4．Whatwillbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．IsaacSternandtheAwardsHeGotB．IsaacStern'sLifeofPursuingMusicC．IsaacStern：OneoftheMostHonoredMusiciansD．IsaacStern'sVisittoChina答案：C主旨大意题。依据文章第一段其次句Hewasoneofthemosthonoredmusiciansintheworld.(即主题句)以及全文所述可知C项最适合当标题。A、B、D三项所表达的都是片面的。阅读理解。I'vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupassyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting”.Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou'vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.11.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans________.A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcriticalB.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportantC.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachotherD.onecannotusethematthesametime12.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________.A.puttingtheirideasinrawformB.attemptingtoeditastheywriteC.ignoringgrammaticalsoundnessD.tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts13.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?A.Toorganizeone'sthoughtslogically.B.Tochooseanappropriatetopic.C.Togetone'sideasdown.D.Tocollectrawmaterials.14.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat________.A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemindB.ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwardsC.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticismD.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly15.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Itintroducestheauthor’swritingmethod.B.Ittellsussomethingaboutthecreativemind.C.Ithighlightstheimportanceofcriticalmind.D.Itshowsthedifficultiestowriteonthefly.【参考答案】11—15、DBCBA阅读理解。Therecordriseinworldfoodpriceslastmonthisnotonlyastarttoapossible"foodpriceshock"inthecomingmonths,butalsoanobviouswarningthattheinternationalcommunitycannotaffordtoignore.Thefearfulconsequencesoflong-termclimatechangearemoreclosingnowanddividedresponsetotheglobalfinancialcrisiscouldmakethemworse.Earlythisweek,theUnitedNations'FoodandAgriculturalOrganizationannouncedthatitsbenchmarkfoodpriceindexhadjumpedto214.7pointsinDecember,abovethepreviouspeakof213.5,whichwassetinJune2008andcausedfoodriots(暴乱)insomepoorcountries.Withtheworldeconomyshowinglittlesignofemergingoutofthemessanytimesoon,therecordincreaseinfoodpricesiscertainlyshocking.The2008foodcrisiswasa"silenttsunami"fortheworld'spoor.So,whatwillhappeniffoodpricesremainhighoverthenextseveralmonths?Theobviousansweris:Thenumberofhungrypeopleacrosstheworld,about1billionaccordingtoUNestimates,willalmostcertainlyincrease.Hence,theinternationalcommunityshouldpreparetosolveafoodcrisissimilartothatin2008.Forthemoment,thatmeanspolicymakersacrosstheglobeshouldmakejointeffortstopreventpanicoverfoodpricesbothathomeandintheglobalmarket.Buttopreventsuchfoodcrisesfromhappeningagain,theinternationalcommunitymustfirstrecognizethatourfutureislikelytobeaffectedbyextremeweathermoreseriouslythanfearedearlierifwecontinuetodragourfeetinthefightagainstclimatechange.Theloomingfoodcrisiscallsforastrongersenseofurgencythanwhatnegotiators,especiallythosefromdevelopedcountries,haveshownatUNclimatechangeconferencesinrecentyears.Besides,soaringworldfoodpricesalsohighlightthethreatofsuper-loosemonetarypoliciesthatsomerichcountrieshaveadoptedtoletrapidinflationerode（腐蚀）therealvalueoftheirdebtburden.Excessiveliquidityfromdevelopedcountrieshaspushedupcommoditypricesintheworldmarketandcreatedconsiderableinflationary(通货膨胀)pressureondevelopingcountries.Thisisunfairtodevelopingcountries,whicharerelativelypoorandsufferalotmorefromfood-ledinflation.Astheworld'smostpopulouscountry,Chinacandrawsomecomfortfromitsbumperharvestlastyear,whichwasalsoitsseventhcontinuousrichharvest.Thecountry'ssuccessinfeedingone-fifthoftheworld'spopulationwithlessthan10percentofglobalfarminglandshowsthatitsgreateffortstoincreaseagriculturalproductionhavepaidrichinterest.ButChinesepolicymakerscannotassumethatsuchfavorableconditionswillcontinue.Rapidurbanizationandpopulationchangesinthecountrywillmakeitincreasinglydifficulttofurtherraisegrainoutput.Therefore,Chinashouldtaketherecordriseinworldfoodpricesasacalltodoubleitseffortstoimprovefarmproductivity.16.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.UrgentConcernabouttheRiseoftheWorldFoodPricesB.TheClimateChangesAretoBlameC.GlobalFarmingD.UrgentConcernaboutthePoorCountries.17.Whatwillhappeniffoodpricesremainhighoverthenextseveralmonths?A.Thenumberofhungrypeopleallovertheworldwillalmostcertainlyincrease.B.Manypeoplewilldieeasilyforlackoffood.C.Peoplewillfightwitheachotherandcauseriotsacrosstheworld.D.Excessiveliquidityfromdevelopedcountrieswillcreateconsiderableinflation.18.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Therapidinflationerodedtherealvalueofsomerichcountries’debtburdenbythesuper-loosemonetarypolicies.B.Peopleallovertheworldshouldworktogethertopreventthefoodcrisis.C.Thefoodpriceindexhadjumpedtothepeakin2008.D.Thedevelopingcountriessufferedalotmorefromfood-ledinflation.19.Whichofthefollowinghasthesimilarmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“dragourfeet”?A.quickenourpaceB.slowourpaceC.pullourfeet.D.walkquickly20.TheChinesepolicymakersdoubtwhetherthegrainoutputwillcontinuetoincreasebecause_________.A.thefarmswillnotworkharderthanbeforeB.thepopulationinChinawillbesmallerandsmallerC.morehouseswillbebuiltonthefarmlandinthefutureD.theterribleweatherwillaffecttheagricultureproduction【参考答案】16—20、AACBC任务型读写Autumnisatimewhennaturepreparestotestanditisjustthesamewithmanypeople.Withlessenergyorstrengththeyhavenodesiretomeetwithfriendsafterwork，preferringtositstillinfrontofthetelevisionbeforegoingtobedearly.Andthenextmorningtheyfindithardtogetup，too.Formostpeople，thisperiodoftimepasseswithoutanymajoreffects，butasmallminoritysufferfromcompletewinterdepression(压抑)．Apartfromtirednessandwithoutenergy，thelatteroftenhasthefollowingsymptoms(症状)．Theyhaveanincreasedneedforsleepandalsoforsweetfoodlikechocolate.Normally，depressionisalongwithdifficultyinfallingasleepandlossofappetite(胃口)．Truewinterdepressionexistswhenthesymptomsoccurrepeatedlyinautumnandwinter.Moreover，theyhavetolastatleasttwoweeks.Symptomsofwinterdepressionbeginfornorthernhemisphere(北半球)countriesinOctober，NovemberorDecember，andreduceinJanuary.Thesymptomsdecreasewhenthedaysgrowlongeragain.Lackoflightduringthecoldmonthsisthecauseofpeople’sdepression.Toreducethebadeffectofthewinterdepression，sufferersshouldspendasmuchtimeoutdoorsaspossible.Exerciseisalsoatestedcurefordepression.Aregularsleepwakecyclecanhelptoo，andsufferersshouldsticktoitevenatweekends.Bygettingupearly，theycanreceivemoredaylightregardlessoftheweather.TitleLightupyourlifeMainideaPeoplewho36.________fromwinterdepressioncanlightuptheirlife.37.________·Feeltired.·Lack38.________.·Needmoresleepandsweetfood.·Findit39.________togotosleep.·Haveno40.________tohavemeals.Occurrence·Winterdepressionexistswiththesymptomsoccurringoverandoveragaininautumnandwinter，and41.________twoweeksorlonger.·WinterdepressionstartsfornorthernhemispherecountriesinOctober，NovemberorDecemberand42.________inJanuary.Cause·43.________tolackoflightincoldweatherSolutions·Spendasmuchtimeoutdoorsas44.________.·Takeexercise.·Gotobedandgetup45.________everyday.36.suffer[其次段第一句是关键句。]37．Symptoms[其次段末有该词，第三段对该词进行了解释。]38．energy[其次段其次句里的energy是关键词。]39．hard/difficult[第三段其次句里的difficulty是解题关键。]40．desire/appetite[第三段末句里的appetite是解题线索。]41．lasts[第四段其次句是解题线索。]42．decreases/reduces[第四段倒数其次句是解题线索。]43．Due[第五段里的thecauseof是解题线索。]44．possible[末段首句里的“asmuchtimeoutdoorsaspossible”是解题线索。]45．regularly[末段第三句是解题线索。]【上海市黄浦区2022模拟】任务型阅读Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.TravelersarrivingatHeathrowairportthisyearhavebeenmetbythesmelloffreshly-cutgrass,pumpedfromacornerthroughan“aromabox”,amachinewhichblowswarm,sweet-smellingairintotheenvironment. Heathrow’smoveinto“sensory”marketingisthelatestinalonglineofattemptsbybusinessestousesensorypsychology—thescientificstudyoftheeffectsofthesensesonourbehaviortohelpsellproducts.Marketingpeoplecallthis“atmosphere”—usingsmellstoinfluenceconsumerbehavior.OnValentine’sDaytwoyearsago,thechainofchemist’sSuperdogscentedoneofitsLondonshopswithchocolate.“Chocolateisassociatedwithlove,”saidamarketingspokeswoman,“Wethoughtitwouldgetpeopleinthemoodforromance.”Shedidnotreveal,though,whetherthesmellactuallymadepeoplespendmoremoney.