2021广州市高考英语阅读、信息匹配自练(5)答案(四月)

2021广州市高考英语阅读、信息匹配自练（5）答案（四月）【由北京市丰台区2022高考模拟改编】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMythItistruethatworldpopulationisgrowing,butthisisnotthecauseofourcurrentandfutureglobalproblems.Believingthiswillcauseustoignoretherealproblemandrisklong-termdamagetoourplanet.Letmestartbyexplainingwhyoverpopulationisamyth.Foronething,theUNPopulationDivisionregularlypredictspopulationgrowthbutprovidesalowvariant(变量),mediumvariant,andhighvarianttofactorinvariouspossibilities.Inthe2010revision,theirhighvariantsuggeststhattheworldpopulationwillbealmost16billionin2100,butthelowvariantpredictsitwillpeakat8billionanddecreasetojustover6billionby2100.Inmostcases,itisthelowvariantthathascometrueinthepast,suggestingthesamewillbetrueoftheirfuturepopulationpredictions.Inadditiontothis,thesizeoffamiliesisactuallydecreasing.Foranother,iftheEarthisoverpopulated,thereneedstobeinsufficient(短缺)food,water,andspaceforhumanstolive.However,IndianeconomistRajKrishnaestimatesthatIndiaaloneisabletoincreasecropproducetothepointofprovidingtheentireworld’sfoodsupply.TheWorldFoodProgrammeconfirmsthatthereissufficientfoodgrowntofeedtheworldandthereisthesameamountoffreshwaterontheplanetnowastherewas10,000yearsago.Sohowisitpossiblethatthenumberofpeopleintheworldisaffectingourplanet?Therefore,itisnotanincreaseinpopulationbutanincreaseinconsumptionthatisaseverethreat.Materialismandoverconsumptionarefactsoflifeforeverybodyinthewesternworld,aspossessionsreflectaperson’sstatusinsocietyandpeoplestrivetoobtainhappinessthroughowningthelatestfashionablegoods.Notonlythat,butwasteisacommonoccurrencewhichhasahugeeffectonourresources.Itisasadtruththat80%oftheworld’sresourcesarecurrentlyusedbyjust20%oftheworld’spopulation.Ouroverconsumptionmustbeaddressednowtomakeourlivesmoresustainable(可持续的)andavoidcontinuingtheterribledamagetotheenvironmentwearecausing.Thekeyiseducation.Ifwedonotworktowardsthisbutinsteadfocusonthewrongissue,wemayfindourselveslivingonaplanetthatcannolongersustainhumanlife.1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatcausesourcurrentandfutureglobalproblems?A.Theincreaseinpopulation.B.Shortageoffoodandwater.C.Thefastgrowthofmaterialneeds.D.Failuretoprotecttheenvironment.2.Theunderlinedword“myth”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto_________.A.fact B.misconception C.possibility D.uncertainty3.Theauthorstressesthat_____.A.peopleshouldsavefoodandwaterB.economistsaremakingwrongpredictionsC.wrongjudgmentleadstoseriousconsequencesD.measuresshouldbetakentoreducepopulation4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?A.Therealcauseofglobalproblems.B.Thesevereeffectofoverpopulation.C.Reasonableuseofnaturalresources.D.Methodstoreduceoverconsumption.【参考答案】C BC .A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Itisover40yearssincefirstatomicbombwasdroppedonamajorcityinJapan.Yetevennowitseffectsareshowingthemselvesandmaycontinuetodosoforyearstocome.Mucheffortandhumanenergyhavebeenusedtotrytopreventsuchaterrifyingthingfromhappeningagain.Sofarthereisnoguaranteethatitwillnot.Countrieswhichalreadypossessnuclearknowledgeandresourceshavebombsstoredawaywhicharepowerfulenoughtowipeoutalllifeonearth.Butthisisnotall.Othercountries,whichpreviouslywerenotsoadvancedintechnology,aregraduallybuyingmaterialsthatcanbeusedformakingatomicdevices.Thisnuclearenergywillnaturallybeofgreatvalueinhelpingtheeconomyofpoorernations.Thegenerationofelectricitythroughnuclearpowercamedirectlyfromtheoriginalworkontheatombomb.Becauseoftheincreaseindemandforenergyandthepossibilityofdecreasingsuppliesofoilandnaturalgas,theinterestinelectricityhasincreased.Oneoftheby-productsofnuclearpowerstationsisplutonium(钸)producedfromunclearfuel:plutoniumisingredient(成分)inbomb-making.Itmeansthattherearefarmoreopportunitiesforthemanufactureofbombs.Thisbringstheproblemtoafullcircleagain.Howcansomethingsovaluableandusefulbecontrolledsothatitworksforthebenefitandnotthedestructionofman?(from)1.Theeffectsofdroppingthefirstatomicbomb________.A.arenotover B.maygoonforeverC.couldlastmuchlonger D.willnotbeoverinthenearfuture2.Thewritersaysthatenoughatomicbombshavealreadybeenmanufacturedto________.A.wipeoutJapan B.lastforeverC.actasapeace-keepingdevice D.destroyalllivingthings3.Theadvantageoflessdevelopedcountriesbeingabletomakeatomicdevicesisthatit______.A.givesthemmoreopportunitiesforworkB.willhelppoorcountriestobecomericherC.willenablethemtomakebetterexplosivesD.willbeofgreatvaluetothem4.Thesecondparagraphtellsusthattheincreaseddemandforelectricitytoday________.A.hasledtothedecreaseinsuppliesofoilB.meansthatmorecountriesareinterestedinnuclearpowerC.hasincreasedtheriskofaccidentalexplosionsD.hasincreasedtheverymeansofproducingmoreatomicbombs

【答案与解析】1.A细节理解题。依据第一段其次句Yetevennowitseffectsareshowingthemselvesandmaycontinuetodosoforyearstocome可知。2.D细节理解题。依据第一段“…havebombsstoredawaywhicharepowerfulenoughtowipeoutalllifeonearth”一句可知。3.B细节理解题。依据第一段“Thisnuclearenergywillnaturallybeofgreatvalueinhelpingtheeconomyofpoorernations”一句可知。4.D段落主旨题。依据其次段最终一句“Itmeansthattherearefarmoreopportunitiesforthemanufactureofbombs.”可知。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Mostmornings,thelinebeginstoformatdawn:scoresofsilentwomenwithbabiesontheirbacks,bucketsbalancedontheirheads,andineachhandabright-blueplasticjug.Ongooddays,theywillwaitlessthananhourbeforeawatertankergoesacrossthedirtpaththatservesasaroadinKesumPurbahari,aslumonthesouthernedgeofNewDelhi.Onbaddays,whenthereisnoelectricityforthepumps,thetankersdon’tcomeatall.“Thatwaterkillspeople,”ayoungmothernamedShobasaidonerecentSaturdaymorning,pointingtoarowofpailsfilledwiththick,caramel(焦糖)-coloredliquid.“Whoeverdrinksitwilldie.”Thewaterwasfromapipesharedbythousandsofpeopleinthepoorneighborhood.Womenoftenuseittowashclothesandbathetheirchildren,butnobodyisdesperateenoughtodrinkit.Thereisnostandardforhowmuchwaterapersonneedseachday,butexpertsusuallyputtheminimumatfiftylitres.ThegovernmentofIndiapromises(butrarelyprovides)forty.Mostpeopledrinktwoorthreelitres—lessthanittakestowashatoilet.Therestistypicallyusedforcookingandbathing.Americansconsumebetweenfourhundredandsixhundredlitresofwatereachday,morethananyotherpeopleonearth.MostEuropeansuselessthanhalfthat.ThewomenofKesumPurbaharieachhopedtodragawayahundredlitresthatday—twoorthreebuckets’worth.Shobahasahusbandandfivechildren,andthatmuchwaterdoesn’tgofarinafamilyofseven,particularlywhenthetemperaturereachesahundredandtendegreesbeforenoon.Sheoftenmakesupthedifferencewithbottledwater,whichcostsmorethanwaterdeliveredanyotherway.Sometimesshejustbuysmilk;it’scheaper.Likethepoorestpeopleeverywhere,thepeopleofNewDelhi’sslumsspendafargreaterpercentageoftheirincomesonwaterthananyoneluckyenoughtoliveinahouseconnectedtoasystemofpipes.1Theunderlinedword“slum”mostlikelymeans______.A.avillageB.asmalltownC.anareaofatownwithbadly-built,over-crowdedbuildingsD.thepartofatownthatlackswaterbadly2.Sometimesthewatertankerdoesn’tcomebecause______.A.theweatherisbadB.thereisnoelectricityC.thereisnowaterD.peopledon’twantthedirtywater3.Apersonneedsatleast________litresofwateraday.A.ahundredB.fourhundredC.fortyD.fifty4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?A.ahundredlitresofwateradayisenoughforShoba’sfamilyB.AmericansusesthelargestamountofwatereachdayC.inKesumPurbaharimilkischeaperthanbottledwaterD.Shobahasafamilyofsevenpeople5.Thepassagemainlytellsus______.A.howwomeninKesumPurbaharigetstheirwaterB.howmuchwateradayapersondeedsC.thatIndialackswaterbadlyD.howIndiagovernmentmanagestosolvetheproblemofwater【参考答案】1—5、CBDAC【四川省资阳市2022模拟】阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请留意词数要求）。[1]ManyAmericanfathershavegotgiftsfromtheirfamiliesinhonorofFather’sDay.Somemenmaybehopingforashinynewgrill(烤架)tobringsmoky,fiery(燃烧的)happinesstocookingoutdoors.MorethanhalfofAmericanssaytheycookoutdoorsthroughouttheyear.Butthewarmermonthsbringmorepeopleoutside.Sothisisagoodtimeforfoodsafetyexperttomaketheireffortstoeducatethepublic.[2]Disease-controlofficialssaythataboutoneinsixAmericansgetsickfromfoodeachyear.130,000havetogotoahospitalforfoodpoisoning.And3,000die.HealthofficialssaythesenumbersusuallyincreaseduringthistimeofyearasmoreAmericanscookandeatoutdoors.[3]TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofagriculturestarteditsMeatandPoultryHotlinein1985.TheMeatandPoultryHotlinehasexpandeditsprogramstoincludeSpanishlanguageservices.Also,peoplecanaskquestionsthroughemailandlivechatsandgetinformationonsocialmediasites.[4]Thehotlinereceivesabout70,000telephonecallsayearfrompeoplewithfoodsafetyquestions.Theyteachconsumerseveryday,onetoone,abouthowtohandlefoodsafelyandtopreventfood-relatedillness.Inaddition,theyalsotakecallsthatarerelatedtocomplaintsaboutfoodproductsthathaveledtofoodsbeingrecalled,andthathasprobablysavedlives.[5]OneoftheHotlineworkerssaid,“Oneofthemostimportantthingsistomakesureyourmeatisfullycooked.It’snotrecommendedthatanybodybehavingararehamburgerwhentheyarecookingoutinthesummer.Ifyou’recookingeggs,makesuretheyolks(蛋黄)arefresh.Anddrinking