【创新设计】2021高考英语(四川专用)二轮复习-第4部分-阅读理解解答技巧-专题4-

Ⅰ.体验高考(2022·课标Ⅰ)Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons－anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates，makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller，aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly，theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant，peoplebelievedtherewasanever­lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain，waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed，thenthrewlargenetsoverthem，takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury，thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood，whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth，wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone，nevertobeseenagain.In1897，thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons，butbythen，nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty，Ohio，in1900.Foratime，afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem，knownaffectionatelyasMartha，diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.【语篇导读】本文叙述了旅鸽渐渐消逝的过程。1．Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies，passengerpigeons________.A．werethebiggestbirdintheworldB．livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC．didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD．werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS解析事实细节题。依据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。答案D2．Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons'________.A．escape B．ruinC．liberation D．evolution解析词义猜想题。依据文章第三段中“Wherethebirdswereabundant...bythethousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相像，故选B。答案B3．Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A．Toseekpleasure. B．Tosaveotherbirds.C．Tomakemoney. D．Toprotectcrops.解析事实细节题。依据文章其次段中“Commercialhuntersattractedthem...soldinrestaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要缘由是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。答案C4．WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A．Itwasignoredbythepublic.B．Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C．Itwasunfair.D．Itwasstrict.解析推理推断题。依据文章最终一段中“In1897，thestateof...for10years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍旧不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。答案BⅡ.仿真、模拟Passage1体裁：谈论文话题：历史故事时间：6分钟Themoviesjustwouldn'tbethesamewithoutthewarmbutterytasteofpopcorn.Amazingly，thisdelicioustreatstarteditslifeasacornkernel(玉米粒)—andnotfromjustanycorn.PopcornisatypeofsweetcornthatwasoriginallygrowninMexicoandspreadtoChina，Indiaandelsewhere.Itistheonlykindofcornthatwillpop.Today，mostoftheworld'spopcornisgrownintheUnitedStates.Everypopcornkernelcontainsatinydropofwater，surroundedbysoftstarch(淀粉)．Whenthepopcornisheated，thewaterturnsintosteam.Thisputspressureonthesurroundinghardkernel，forcingittoexplode.Thesoftstarchincreasesabout40timesinsizeasthecornkernelturnsitselfinsideout.Inthe1500spopcornwasanimportantfoodsourcefortheAztecIndiansofcentralandsouthernMexico.Butitwasn'tonlyfood.Itwasalsousedinceremoniesorinheaddressesandnecklaces.BythetimetheEuropeansarrivedinAmerica，popcornhadspreadthroughmostoftheAmericanIndians.SomeearlyAmericansettlersatepopcornwithcreamandsugarforbreakfast.Butitwasn'tuntilthelate1800sthatpopcornbecamepopular.Thedemandforpopcornincreasedandfarmersbeganfarmingpopcorn.Thefirstmobilepoppingmachinewasinventedin1885，andpopcornwassoldbystreetsellersmuchlikehotdogsaresoldtoday.DuringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s，thepopcornbusinessstillthrivedaspeoplecouldstillaffordit.Theninthe1950stelevisionarrivedandpopcornconsumptiondecreased.Peoplestayedhomeandstoppedgoingtothetheatre.Butthelinkbetweenmoviesandpopcornhadalreadyexisted.Soonpeoplebeganmakingpopcornathomeonthestove.Later，microwavepopcornwasintroduced.Todaythemovieshaveregainedpopularityandpopcornhasonceagainbecomethefavorite.【语篇导读】没有温热香甜的爆米花，电影好像也会失去味道吧。那么，关于爆米花你又了解多少呢？1．Popcornwasfirstplantedin______.A．China B．AmericaC．India D．Mexico解析细节理解题。依据第一段第三句可知答案。答案D2．Whydoesthecornkernelpopwhenheated?A．Becauseitiscoveredwithsoftstarch.B．Becausethepressureinsideistoobig.C．Becausethestarchbecomesbiggerinsize.D．Becausethereiswaterinsidethekernel.解析细节理解题。依据其次段其次、三两句可知，玉米粒内的水并不能直接导致它炸开，而是水蒸气产生的压力作用于四周坚硬的内核上，造成它爆炸。故答案选B。答案B3．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.A．popcornbegantobefarmedinthelate1800sB．popcornwasonlyakindoffoodinthe1500sC．hotdogsusedtobesoldbystreetsellersD．peoplestoppedgoingtothemovieswithoutpopcorn解析细节理解题。依据第四段其次、三两句可知，是在19世纪末期，随着人们对爆米花需求的增长，农夫们才开头种植这种玉米。答案A4．Theunderlinedword“thrived”inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans“______”．A．startedtobepopularB．wasseriouslyaffectedC．sufferedalotD．developedverywell解析词义猜想题。依据上文的still以及下文的aspeoplecouldstillaffordit可推断出，这里指即使是在经济大萧条时期，由于爆米花仍旧是人们买得起的食品，所以爆米花产业仍旧进展得很好。答案DPassage2体裁：记叙文话题：逸闻趣事时间：7分钟Therewasonceatinycountrythatwassufferingfromalongdrought.Ithadgonesolongwithoutrainthatthepeopletherewerestartingtogohungrybecauseofthebadharvests.Itjustsohappenedthatagroupofmusiciansweretravelingthecountry，tryingtomakealivingfromtheirconcerts.Butwithsomanyproblemsintheland，noonefeltlikelisteningtomusic.“Butmusiccanhelpovercomeanyproblems，”saidthemusicians，withoutanyonepayingthemtheslightestattention.Sothemusicianstriedtofindoutthereasonitwouldn'train.Itwasverystrange，becausetheskywasovercast，butnoonecouldprovideananswer.“It'sbeencloudylikethisformanymonths，butnotasingledropofrainhasfallen，”peopletoldthem.“Don'tworry，we'llbringraintothecountry，”themusiciansresponded，andtheybeganrehearsingforaconcertatthesummitofthehighestmountain.Everyonewhoheardthemusicwasseizedbycuriosityandwentupthemountain.Andtheconductorofthisstrangeorchestragavetheorder，andthemusiciansbegantoplay.Fromtheirinstrumentscamesmall，playfulmusicalnotesthatroseandroseintotheclouds.Themusicwassojoyous，happyandfun，andthenotesstartedplayingwiththeclouds'soft，fluffybellies，runninghereandthere，upanddown，andthewholeskyturnedintoonebiggameoftickletorture.Beforelong，thegiantcloudswerethunderingwithlaughter.Themusicianscontinuedplayingjoyfullyandafewminuteslatertheclouds，cryingwithlaughter，soakedthelittlecountrybelowwiththeirprecioustears，bringinghappinesstoall.Andinmemoryofthatmusicalrain，everyoneinthecountrylearnedhowtoplayaninstrumentand，takingturns，wouldgoupthemountaineverydaytobringjoytothecloudswiththeirbeautifulsongs.【语篇导读】一个干旱已久的小国，却由于音乐家们的到来，转变了他们的命运——音乐家通过在山顶上演奏音乐，从而为当地降下了甘霖。为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开头学习音乐，并轮番到山上为云彩演奏音乐。1．Whydidthecountryhavethebadharvests?A．Becauseit'stoohot. B．Becauseit'stoocold.C．Becauseit'stoowet. D．Becauseit'stoodroughty.解析细节理解题。依据第一段可知那个国家歉收的缘由是由于长期干旱少雨，故选D项。答案D2．What'stheattitudeofthepeopletowardthemusicians?A．Active. B．Energetic.C．Cold. D．Enthusiastic.解析推理推断题。依据其次段中的“Butwithsomanyproblemsintheland，noonefeltlikelisteningtomusic.”和“withoutanyonepayingthemtheslightestattention.”可以推出人们对音乐家们的态度是冷淡的。故选C。答案C3．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph?A．Cloudy B．RainyC．Sunny D．Windy解析词义猜想题。依据第四段中的“It'sbeencloudylikethis...”可以推出overcast的意思与cloudy意思一样。故选A项。答案A4．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．Greatmusicians B．MusicforthecloudsC．Laughingclouds D．Musicrehearsing解析标题概括题。本文主要叙述了音乐家通过在山顶上为云彩演奏音乐，从而使云彩流淌起来，最终降下了期盼已久的雨，为当地人们带来了欢快。由此可以推出文章的标题应选B项。答案B5．Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthatthepeopleinthesmallcountry______.A．hatemusic B．lovemusicC．teachmusic D．practicemusic解析推理推断题。最终一段中讲到为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开头学习乐器，并轮番到山上为云彩演奏音乐。由此可以推出人们宠爱音乐。答案BPassage3体裁：记叙文话题：人物介绍时间：7分钟Thesonofapianoproducer，ElwynBrooksWhitewasborninMountVernoninawealthyfamily.Andhewasraisedwiththemixofsophistication(高水平)andcommonsensethatwouldmarkhiswriting.Aftergraduation，ElwynBrooksWhitespentayearasanewspaperreporterinNewYorkCity，andthendecidedtodriveacrossthecountrywithafriend.ThetripgaveElwynBrooksWhitealifetimeofanecdotes.“Whentheyranoutofmoney，”ElwynBrooksWhite'sfriend，JamesThurber，noted,“theyplayedfortheirsupperandtheirgasolineonaninterestingmusicalinstrumentthatElwynBrooksWhitehadmadeoutofsomepiecesofwireandanoldshoe.”WhenElwynBrooksWhitereturnedtoNewYorkCityinthemid­1920s，hespentafewyearsbouncingbetweenadvertisingjobsandunemploymentbeforetryinghishandagainatwriting.Notveryseriously，hesentsomeessaystoanewmagazinecalledTheNewYorker.Sinceitsfoundingin1925，themagazinehadstruggledtofindits_niche，andElwynBrooksWhite'sworkhelpedputTheNewYorkeronthemap.Hisessayswerefunnyandsophisticated；theyspokeequallytosocialites(社会名流)andcabdrivers，professorsandrepairmen.Throughhisessays，whichhewrotefornearly50years，ElwynBrooksWhitehelpedgiveTheNewYorkeritsvoiceandidentity.In1945，alreadyaleadingliteraryfigure，ElwynBrooksWhiteswitchedtohissecondoccupationonwritingchildren'sbooks.HemovedfromNewYorktoafarminMaine，whereheraisedchickensandgeese.Seekingawaytoamusehisniecesandnephews，ElwynBrooksWhitestartedtowritestoriesforthem.“ChildrenwerealwaysaftermetotellthemastoryandIfoundIcouldn'tdoit，”hesaid.“SoIhadtogetitdownonpaper.”BythetimehediedfromAlzheimer'sdiseasein1985，ElwynBrooksWhite'sessayshadappearedinmoreliterarycollectionsincollegesthanthoseofanyotherwriter.Manysaidhisessaysmatchedhispersonality:sophisticatedwithoutbeingsimple，criticalwithoutbeingmean.【语篇导读】本文介绍了ElwynBrooksWhite的生平。1．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．ElwynBrooksWhitetookthetriptorealizehislifelongdream.B．ThetriphadalastingeffectonElwynBrooksWhite'spersonality.C．ThetravellingcompanionfoundElwynBrooksWhite'smusictalent.D．ElwynBrooksWhitehadmanyexperiencestotalkaboutafterthetrip.解析细节理解题。依据其次段的其次句话“ThetripgaveElwynBrooksWhitealifetimeofanecdotes.”可知D项正确。答案D2．Theunderlinedpart“itsniche”inParagraph3meanssomethingthat______.A．suitsitssponsors'tastesB．protectsitssocialidentityC．helpsbuilditsownstyleD．voicesitsauthors'concern解析词义猜想题。依据画线部分后面的“ElwynBrooksWhite'sworkhelpedputTheNewYorkeronthemap”以及该段最终一句话中的“ElwynBrooksWhitehelpedgiveTheNewYorkeritsvoiceandidentity”可知C项正确。答案C3．WhatdoweknowaboutElwynBrooksWhite'sworks?A．Theyoriginallycamefromthestoriestoldbyhisnieces.B．Theywereintendedforpeopleofdifferentsocialstatus.C．TheyhelpedTheNewYorkerfinditspositiononthemap.D．Theywerechosenbycollegetextbookswhentheycameout.解析细节理解题。由第三段的倒数其次句话“Hisessayswerefunnyandsophisticated；theyspokeequallytosocialites(社会名流)andcabdrivers，professorsandrepairmen.”可知，他的作品适合不同社会地位的人。答案BPassage4体裁：记叙文话题：热点关注时间：7分钟Doesstylereallysell?Howcantheappearanceofaproductbemoreimportantthanwhatitdoes?ThebattlebetweenformandfunctionroseagainwhenJamesDyson，BritishinventoroftheDysonvacuum(真空)cleanerthathassoldinmillionsaroundtheworld，resignedaschairmanofLondon'sDesignMuseum.ItiswidelybelievedthatMr.Dysonfeltthatthemuseumputtoomuchstressonstyleattheexpenseofseriousindustrialdesign.Mr.Dysonaccusedthemuseumofnotkeepingtruetoitself.Hemayberight，butthesedays，museumseverywherecannolongeraffordtobeuniquecentersofscholarshipandlearning.Amongcompetitionforsponsorship，theymustuseexhibitionsofpopulistculture，nicecafesandshopsor，bestofall，anewbuildingbyFrankGehrytoincreasevisitornumbers.Ontheonehand，someproducerscanbetooold­fashionedandtooconcernedwiththeimportanceofproductengineeringandthefunctionalityoftheirgoods.Ontheotherhand，therearethosewhobelievethathowaproductlooksismoreimportant.Designisindeedabroadterm，involvingbothfunctionandform.Typically，inanygivenproductarea，itchangesfromtheformertothelatter.Clothingisagoodexample.Butsurelyyouwouldhavetobeaveryshallowpersontothinksomething'sappearanceismoreimportantthanwhatitdoes.Todaynearlyallgoodsatanygivenpricepointdomuchthesamejob.Soalmosttheonlywayproducerscandifferentiatetheirproductsfromthoseoftheircompetitorsistocreatesomesortofemotionalconnectionwiththeconsumer，whichcouldbethroughthevisualappealoftheproductoritspackaging，ortheimagery(意象)createdbyadvertising.AndwhatoftheDysonvacuumcleaner?Mr.Dysonmaybelievethatpeoplebuythesemachinesbecauseofthegraphsshowingtheirsuperiorsuction，butmostvacuumcleanersdoagoodjob；themainreasonpeoplepayextraforaDysonisthatitisavacuumcleanerwithatrendybrand.Withitsinsideworkingsexposed，itisabitlikeaRichardRogersbuildingwithallitspipesshowninbrightcolorsontheoutsideinsteadofbeinghiddeninside.Functionalitmaybe，butitisabitofatrick，too.【语篇导读】英国吸尘器创造家Dyson因猛烈反对设计博物馆太过留意外在的风格样式而辞职，他认为这里应当是争辩学问的地方。1．Mr.DysonlefttheDesignMuseumbecausehethoughtthemuseum______.A．didn'tincreasethenumberofvisitorsB．couldn'tprovidescholarshipsforlearnersC．wasn'tloyaltoitsoriginalpurposeoflearningD．didn'thavegreatappealforseriousindustrialdesign解析推理推断题。由第一段的最终一句话和其次段的第一句可知，他辞职是由于设计博物馆太留意风格样式。他认为这里应当是争辩学问的地方，他们的做法违反了这个初衷。答案C2．Speakingofclothing，theunderlinedword“latter”refersto“______”．A．affordingprotectionB．indicatingone'sidentityC．providingwarmthD．makingsomeonebeautiful解析词义猜想题。依据文章内容可知，这里的latter指的是前面一句话中的form，即外形。因此D项正确。答案D3．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A．Aproductwithconvenientpackagingsellswell.B．Themajorityofconsumersprefertobuybrandedgoods.C．Mostsimilarlypricedproductsareofacomparablestandard.D．Emotioncontributesmuchtothedevelopmentofadvertisingindustry.解析细节理解题。由第四段的第一句可知，大多数指定价格的产品都做着同样的工作，即大多数相像价格的产品都有可比的标准。所以C项正确。答案C4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheformofaproduct?A．Optimistic. B．Sceptical.C．Disapproving. D．Objective.解析态度推断题。由最终两段的内容可知，作者认为产品的外形还是很重要的，但也是个小花招，因此作者对产品外形持客观的态度。选D。答案DPassage5体裁：记叙文话题：人物介绍时间：7分钟(2022·宁夏银川一中高三月考)SamWalton，thefounderofWal­Mart，wasborninKingfish，OklahomaonMarch29,1918.HewasraisedinMissouriwhereheworkedinhisfather'sstorewhileattendingschool.Thiswashisfirstretailing(零售业)experienceandhereallyenjoyedit.Aftergraduation，hebeganhisowncareerasaretailmerchant.HesoonopenedhisfirstWal­Martstorein1962inRogers，Arkansas.Wal­MartspecializedinnamebrandsatlowpricesandSamWaltonwassurprisedatthesuccess.SoonachainofWal­MartstoressprangupacrossruralAmerica.Walton'smanagementstylewaspopularwithemployeesandhefoundedsomeofthebasicconceptsofmanagementthatarestillinusetoday.Aftertakingthecompanypublicin1970，Waltonintroducedhis“profitsharingplan”．TheprofitsharingplanwasaplanforWal­Martemployeestoimprovetheirincomedependentontheprofitsofthestore.SamWaltonbelievedthat“individualsdon'twin，whileteamsdo”．EmployeesatWal­Martstoreswereofferedstockoptions(认股选择权)andstorediscounts.Thesebenefitsarecommonplacetoday，butWaltonwasamongthefirsttoimplement(实施)them.Waltonbelievedthatahappyemployeemeanthappycustomersandmoresales.Healsobelievedthatbygivingemployeesapartofthecompanyandmakingtheirsuccessdependentonthecompany'ssuccess，theywouldcareaboutthecompany.Bythe1980s，Wal­MarthadsalesofoveronebilliondollarsandoverthreehundredstoresacrossNorthAmerica.Wal­Mart'suniquedecentralized(分散的)distributionsystem，alsoWalton'sidea，createdtheedgeneededtofurtherencouragegrowthinthe1980sduringgrowingcomplaintsthatthe“superstore”wasstoppingsmallerandtraditionalstoresfromdeveloping.By1991，Wal­MartwasthelargestUSretailerwith1,700stores.Waltonremainedactiveinmanagingthecompany，aspresidentandCEOuntil1988andchairmanuntilhisdeath.HewasawardedtheMedalofFreedomshortlybeforehisdeath.【语篇导读】本文介绍了沃尔玛公司的创始人山姆·沃尔顿。1962年，他开办了第一家沃尔玛百货商店。经过几十年的奋斗，他使沃尔玛公司成为全球最大的连锁零售王国。他的经营理念现在仍旧适用。1．SamWaltonfirstmadeahitinretailingwhen______.A．heworkedinhisfather'sstoreB．hecreatedWalton'smanagementstyleC．achainofWal­MartstoressprangupacrossruralAmericaD．hespecializedinnamebrandsatlowprices解析细节理解题。依据其次段中的“Wal­MartspecializedinnamebrandsatlowpricesandSamWaltonwassurprisedatthesuccess.”可知，沃尔玛在低价销售名牌产品时取得了意想不到的成功，因此选D。答案D2．WhatisthepurposeofWalton'scarryingout“profitsharingplan”？A．Tomakesurealltheemployeeshadtheirownshares.B．Toencouragetheemployeestoworkhardandmakejointefforts.C．Toselectexcellentemployeesforhisstores.D．Tomakemoreprofitforhimself.解析细节理解题。依据第四段的其次句“TheprofitsharingplanwasaplanforWal­Martemployeestoimprovetheirincomedependentontheprofitsofthestore.”可知，雇员的收入与商店的利润挂钩，这个方案就是为了鼓舞员工努力工作。答案B3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．WithWalton'smanagementstyle，employeestreatedthestoresastheirown.B．Waltonwasn'toneofthemerchantswhofirstimplementedstockoptions.C．ThesmallerandtraditionalstoreswerewellaffectedbyWalton'sstores.D．Inhisoldage，Waltongaveallthemanagementtohismen.解析细节理解题。依据第四段的最终一句“Healsobelievedthatbygivingemployeesapartofthecompanyandmakingtheirsuccessdependentonthecompany'ssuccess，theywouldcareaboutthecompany.”可知，沃尔顿的经营理念就是让员工把公司当成自己的一样去关怀。答案A4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“edge”inthelastparagraphmeanhere?A．Danger. B．Disadvantage.C．Advantage. D．System.解析词义猜想题。依据上下文内容可知，沃尔顿的想法是让沃尔玛独特的分散配送体系制造优势以进一步鼓舞进展，因此edge表示“优势”，故答案为C。答案CPassage6体裁：谈论文话题：乐观人生时间：7分钟(2022·河南新乡许昌平顶山高三调研)GretchenAlexanderissightless.Butsherefusestoallowherblindnesstolimitherlifeactivities.Sheenjoysarchery，golf，softball，sailingandwaterskiing，aswellasanumberofotheractivitiesthatthoseofuswhoaresightedhaveyettolearn.Shealsospeakstogroupsaboutlivinglifefully.Whenspeakingtoagroupofhighschoolstudents，shewasonceaskediftherewasanythingshewouldn'ttry.“I'vedecidedtoneverskydive，”sheanswered.“Itwouldscaretheheckoutofmydog.”Whydosomepeopleriseabovetheirproblemsandlivelifefully，whileothersbecomedefea