山西省优生联考2023-2024学年高三上学期1月考试英语试题（解析版）

第21页/共21页山西省优生联考2023-2024学年上学期1月考试高三英语考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthewomangoingtodothisafternoon?A.Takeanimportanttest.B.HangoutwithAlex.C.Prepareforanexam.2.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$2.10.B.$2.30.C.$2.90.3.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Acustomer.B.Ashopassistant.C.Amanager.4.WhatdoesLilythinkofeatingrawfood?A.Harmful.B.Healthy.C.Strange.5.Whydoesthewomanmovetoanewplace?A.Forconvenience.B.Forfriendlyneighbors.C.Foraquietenvironment.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howmuchdoestheregularmailcost?A.$15.B.$20.C.$24.7.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobuy?A.Apackage.B.Twostamps.C.Someenvelopes.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whowillthemantalkto?A.Mrs.Collins.B.Mr.Hunter.C.MissBrown.9.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At11:00am.B.At2:00pm.C.At2:15pm.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatwillthewomanprobablyusethecarfor?A.Goingonlongtrips.B.Pickingupherkid.C.Visitingherhometown.11.Whydoesthemanknowsomuchaboutcars?A.He’sacarsalesman.B.He’sinterestedincars.C.He’saprofessionaldriver.12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Electriccars.B.Environmentprotection.C.Advantagesofgas-poweredcars.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whathascausedthewomantoquithercurrentjob?A.Thelowsalary.B.Thelongworkinghours.C.Thejob’sdarkfuture.14.Howdidthewomanknowabouttheposition?A.Fromanewspaper.B.FromtheInternet.C.Fromafriend.15.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobe?A.Adirector.B.Afashioneditor.C.Anadvertisingdesigner.16.Howdoesthewomanprobablysound?A.Nervous.B.Annoyed.C.Confident.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowmanyAfricancountrieshasDieuveilMalongavisited?A.30.B.38.C.54.18.WhathasDieuveilMalongadone?A.Hehassetupawebsite.B.Hehasofferedcookingcourses.C.HehasplantedmanyAfricanvegetables.19.WheredidDieuveilMalongastarttolearntocook?A.InFrance.B.InGermany.C.InRwanda.20.Whatcanwelearnabouttherestaurant?A.ItisdevotedtotrainingmoreAfricanchefs.B.ItpromotestraditionalAfricancookingmethods.C.Itisnotcheapatalleventohaveanaveragemealthere.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGenerationsofcreatorshaveimprovedourliveswitheverythingthattouchesoffourimagination.Herearesomeofthebrilliantinventors.EllenSwallowRichards(1842—1911)Afterearningabachelor’sdegreefromVassarCollegein1870,Richardswasacceptedasa“specialstudent”atall-maleMIT,becomingthefirstwomanintheUnitedStatestoattendascienceschool.SheconductedahugesurveyofwaterqualityinMassachusetts,aneffortthatledtothefirststatewater-qualitystandardsinUS.GregorMendel(1822—1884)Inthemid-1800s,heexperimentedwithpeaplantstodeterminehowphysicalfeaturespassfromonegenerationtothenext.Theexperimentsestablishedthebasicrulesneededtocross-breed(杂交繁殖)plantstocreateanewvarietywithdesiredcharacteristics.RayKroc(1902—1984)AsthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants,KrocchangedthewayAmericanseat.In1954,KrocwassellingindustrialmixersandvisitedtheCaliforniarestaurantoftwoofhisbestcustomers,MauriceandRichardMcDonald.Krocwasimpressedbythemethodsthebrothersusedtomaketheirhamburgers,cheeseburgers,Frenchfries,andmilkshakes.Kroc,anIllinoisnative,talkedtheMcDonaldsintoallowinghimtocreateagroupofdrive-inhamburgerrestaurantsusingtheirmethodsandname.ThefirstofhisrestaurantsopenedinDesPlaines,Illinois,onApril15,1955.JaneJacobs(1916—2006)Jacobswasnotaformallytrainedurbanplanneranddidn’thaveacollegedegree,butherintelligentviewsoncommunityplanningchangedthewayAmericansthoughtaboutcities.Inher1961book,DeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities,Jacobsadvocatedhuman-friendlyneighborhoodsfeaturingshortcityblocksandmixed-usebuildingsthatencouragedresidentinteraction.Shealsostronglyopposedhigh-risedevelopmentsandexpresswaysthatcutthroughneighborhoods.1.WhatdidGregorMendeldo?A.Hefoundanewfastfoodmakingmethod.B.Hediscoveredthebasiccross-breedinglaws.C.Heestablishedthewater-qualitystandardsinUS.D.Hehelpedtoplanhuman-friendlyneighborhoods.2.WhoisthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants?A.RayKroc. B.JaneJacobs.C.RichardMcDonald. D.MauriceMcDonald.3.WhendidJaneJacobspublishDeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities?A.In2006. B.In1984. C.In1961. D.In1916.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了几个著名的发明家。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据GregorMendel(1822—1884)部分的“Theexperimentsestablishedthebasicrulesneededtocross-breed(杂交繁殖)plantstocreateanewvarietywithdesiredcharacteristics.(这些实验建立了杂交植物所需的基本规则，以创造出具有所需特征的新品种)”可知，孟德尔发现了杂交繁殖的基本规律，故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据RayKroc(1902—1984)部分的“AsthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants,KrocchangedthewayAmericanseat.(作为麦当劳餐厅的创始人，克罗克改变了美国人的饮食方式)”可知，雷·克罗克是麦当劳的创始人，故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据JaneJacobs(1916—2006)部分的“Inher1961book,DeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities,Jacobsadvocatedhuman-friendlyneighborhoodsfeaturingshortcityblocksandmixed-usebuildingsthatencouragedresidentinteraction.(在1961年出版的《美国大城市的死与生》一书中，雅各布斯倡导以短街区和混合用途建筑为特色的人性化社区，鼓励居民互动)”可知，简·雅各布斯于1916年出版了《美国大城市的死与生》一书，故选C项。BFromtheworld’slastseventoaglobalpopulationofmorethan5,000,Chinaspentabout40yearsbringingbackcrestedibises(朱鹮)fromtheedgeofextinction.Withitstypicalredcrestandfaceaswellasalongblackmouthandsnow-whitefeathers,thecrestedibisisknownasthe“OrientalGem”inChina.TheywereoncewidespreadinEastAsiaandSiberiauntilthe20thcenturywhenhunting,ecologicaldamageandincreasedhumanactivitiesdrovethebirdstonearextinction.In1981,theentirespeciesaroundtheworldwasdowntothesevencrestedibiseswhichwerefoundonlyinYangxianCounty,northwestChina’sShaanxiProvince,anddeepintheQinlingMountains,makingQinling,anaturalboundarybetweenChina’snorthandsouth,the“Noah’sArk(诺亚方舟)”ofthewildbirds.Since1981,thelocalgovernmentofYangxianCountyhasputforwardfourbansfortheprotectionofthespecies,prohibitingactivitiesincludinghuntinginthebirds’livingareas,cuttingdowntreeswheretheynest,usingchemicalsintheirfood-findingareas,andfiringgunsintheirbreeding(繁殖)areas.TheChinesegovernmentarrangedspecialfundstoprotectthehabitatofcrestedibises,sealingoff(封闭)mountainstoplanttreesinthebirds’livingareas.Chinastartedtheartificialbreedingofcrestedibisesin1991andhasbredmorethan400birdsinShaanxi.Yearsofconstantefforthavebroughtpromisingresults.Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan5,000crestedibisesintheworld,andabouthalfofthemliveinShaanxi.Thebird’shabitatinChinahasrisenfromlessthanfivesquarekmin1981tothecurrent15,000squarekm.“Itisluckythatthecrestedibis,anancientbird,isstillflyingaround,”saidZanLinsen,headoftheShaanxiAcademyofForestry.“Theconservationstoryofcrestedibisesnotonlyshowsusthepowerofancientlifebutalsothenecessityandurgencyofecologicalenvironmentprotection.”4.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheQinlingMountains?A.Theyarewherecrestedibiseswerefirstfound.B.Theyprotectcrestedibisesfromnaturalenemies.C.Theyaretheonlybreedingareaofcrestedibises.D.Theyusedtobethelasthabitatofcrestedibises.5.Whatisparagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Theeffortsofsavingthespecies.B.Thereasonsforbreedingthespecies.C.Thebiggestthreattocrestedibises.D.Theactivitiestostophuntingthebirds.6.WhatdoesZanLinsenthinkoftheconservation?A.Meaningless. B.Significant. C.Time-consuming. D.Regretful.7.Whichcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RareAnimalsinChina:CrestedIbisesB.ArtificialBreedingofCrestedIbisesinChinaC.EndangeredCrestedIbisesMakingaComebackD.CrestedIbisesFoundAgainintheQinlingMountains【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了濒危鸟类朱鹮在中国成功实现种群恢复的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“In1981,theentirespeciesaroundtheworldwasdowntothesevencrestedibiseswhichwerefoundonlyinYangxianCounty,northwestChina’sShaanxiProvince,anddeepintheQinlingMountains,makingQinling,anaturalboundarybetweenChina’snorthandsouth,the‘Noah’sArk(诺亚方舟)’ofthewildbirds.(1981年，世界上的所有物种都只剩下七种朱鹮，它们仅在中国西北部陕西省洋县和秦岭深处发现，使秦岭这个中国南北的天然边界成为野生鸟类的‘诺亚方舟’。)”可知，秦岭曾经是朱鹮最后的栖息地。故选D项。【5题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Since1981,thelocalgovernmentofYangxianCountyhasputforwardfourbansfortheprotectionofthespecies,prohibitingactivitiesincludinghuntinginthebirds’livingareas,cuttingdowntreeswheretheynest,usingchemicalsintheirfood-findingareas,andfiringgunsintheirbreeding(繁殖)areas.(自1981年以来，洋县地方政府提出了四项保护该物种的禁令，禁止在鸟类生活区狩猎、砍伐筑巢树木、在觅食区使用化学品和在繁殖区开枪等活动。)”以及本段后文可知，这段主要讲拯救濒危鸟类朱鹮所做的努力。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Theconservationstoryofcrestedibisesnotonlyshowsusthepowerofancientlifebutalsothenecessityandurgencyofecologicalenvironmentprotection.(朱鹮的保护故事不仅向我们展示了古老生命的力量，也向我们揭示了生态环境保护的必要性和紧迫性。)”可知，ZanLinsen认为保护工作是有重大意义的。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Fromtheworld’slastseventoaglobalpopulationofmorethan5,000,Chinaspentabout40yearsbringingbackcrestedibises(朱鹮)fromtheedgeofextinction.(从世界上最后7只到全球5000多只，中国花了近40年的时间将朱鹮从灭绝的边缘救了回来。)”以及倒数第二段中“Yearsofconstantefforthavebroughtpromisingresults.Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan5,000crestedibisesintheworld,andabouthalfofthemliveinShaanxi.Thebird’shabitatinChinahasrisenfromlessthanfivesquarekmin1981tothecurrent15,000squarekm.(多年来的不懈努力取得了可喜的成果。据估计，目前世界上有5000多只朱鹮，其中大部分生活在陕西。这种鸟在中国的栖息地从1981年的不到5平方公里增加到现在的1.5万平方公里。)”可知，文章介绍的是这篇文章主要讲述了中国在近40年的努力下，成功将朱鹗这一濒临灭绝的物种从全球仅剩的7只增加到超过5000只。多年的努力带来了显著成果。C选项Endangeredcrestedibisesmakingacomeback(濒危朱鹮不断回归)符合语境，为最佳标题。故选C项。CClockmakingisatraditionaltechnologywhichinvolvesthebuildingandrepairofclocks.ButitisnowontheredlistdrawnupbytheHeritageCraftsAssociation(HCA),whichhaswarnedmorespecialistsareretiringthanenteringtheprofession.DavidPoole,aformermasteroftheWorshipfulCompanyofClockmakers,said,“Althoughthereusedtobeclockmakersonthestreet,aclockrepairshopisararesighttoday.”Waitinglistswilljustgrow,andpeoplewillfinditextremelydifficulttoidentifyanyonetorepairtheirclocks.Thereareonlyabout250makersandrepairersleftacrossBritain,accordingtoHCA’sresearch.Whenspecialistsareapproachingretirement,theyoftencannotaffordtotakeonapprentices(学徒)ashappenedinthepast.Besides,itisfearedthatthefewtrainingcoursesthathavesurvivedwillnotfillthegap.HowardWalwyn,aleadingdealerinKensington,warnedthat,ifexpertiseinrepairingislost,clockswillbecomelifelessobjectsratherthanlivingthings,adding,“Mostclockmakershavefiddledwithclocksaskids,takingthemapart,andtryingtogetthemtowork.Theproblemisthatyoungkidsnowarespendingalltheirtimeinfrontofscreens.I’vegotsomeyoungerclockmakers,butthey’refewandfarbetween.”“Therearealsoconcernsthattoomanyclockmakersarepreparedtousemodernmechanicalsolutionstomakeaclockwork,evenifthosesolutionsareaesthetically(审美地)wrong,”saidJonathanBetts,anadvisertotheNationalTrust.Headded,“Museumcollectionsandmoresensitiveprivatecollectorswouldmuchrathernothaveaclockcleanedsoitlooksbrandnew,butanawfullotofrestorersrejectthat.“MrPoole,whobecameaclockmakerinthe1990s,said,“Therearefewpeoplecomingintothebusiness.Mostpeoplewhoareinitareedgingtowardsretirement,soamI.Ifpeoplearen’tskilled,allthoselovelythingswon’tbelookedafterproperly.”8.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeinparagraph2?A.Clockmakersareingreatneed.B.Theclockmakingindustryisdeclining.C.Clockrepairshopsarecommon.D.Itisrareforpeopletorepairtheirclocks.9.Whatdidthespecialiststraditionallydonearretirement?A.Theycomparedwithapprentices. B.Theytookthetrainingcourse.C.Theycollectedsomeclocks. D.Theyemployedapprentices.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fiddled”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Begun. B.Argued. C.Played. D.Broken.11WhatisJonathanBetts’concern?A.Manyrepairersadoptmodernmethodsinclockmaking.B.Manyrestorersareincapableoffixingmechanicalclocks.C.Privatecollectorsshownointerestintraditionaltechniques.D.Museumsrefusetoincludecleanedclocksintheircollections.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国传统的钟表制造和维修工艺面临着匠人流失的问题。相关专家呼吁重视年轻人对传统钟表制作的教育和培训，以保护这一重要的传统工艺。【8题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“DavidPoole,aformermasteroftheWorshipfulCompanyofClockmakers,said,“Althoughthereusedtobeclockmakersonthestreet,aclockrepairshopisararesighttoday.”Waitinglistswilljustgrow,andpeoplewillfinditextremelydifficulttoidentifyanyonetorepairtheirclocks.Thereareonlyabout250makersandrepairersleftacrossBritain,accordingtoHCA’sresearch.(钟表匠敬拜公司的前老板大卫·普尔说：“虽然过去街上也有钟表匠，但如今钟表匠修理店已经很少见了。”等待名单只会越来越长，人们会发现很难找到人来修理他们的时钟。根据HCA的研究，全英国只有大约250家制造商和修理工)”可知，作者在第2段中描述了急需钟表匠这一现象。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Whenspecialistsareapproachingretirement,theyoftencannotaffordtotakeonapprentices(学徒)ashappenedinthepast.(当专家接近退休时，他们往往无法像过去那样承担学徒的费用)”可知，传统上，专家们在临近退休时会雇佣学徒。故选B。【10题详解】词句猜测题。由划线词下文“askids,takingthemapart,andtryingtogetthemtowork(小时候，把它们拆开，试着让它们去工作)”可知，大多数钟表匠小时候都摆弄过钟表，把它们拆开，试图让它们工作。由此推知，划线词fiddled的意思为“摆弄，玩”。A.Begun开始；B.Argued争论；C.Played玩；D.Broken弄坏。故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Therearealsoconcernsthattoomanyclockmakersarepreparedtousemodernmechanicalsolutionstomakeaclockwork,evenifthosesolutionsareaesthetically(审美地)wrong,”saidJonathanBetts(“人们还担心，太多钟表制造商准备使用现代机械解决方案来使钟表运转，即使这些解决方案在审美上是错误的，”JonathanBetts说道)”可知，JonathanBetts担心的是许多修理工采用现代方法制造钟表，而现代的修理方法在审美上是错误的。故选A。DImaginethatafuturisticroofgardenissointelligentthatitknowswhentostorewaterfordroughtconditions,andwhentodumpwatertopreventflooding.NowthesesmartroofsarebecomingarealityintheNetherlands.WithmorethanhalfthecountrylocatedbelowsealeveltheNetherlandshasahistoryofflooding.Nowclimatechangehasbroughtmoresevereweather,heavyrainfall,andevendroughttothearea,forcingthecityofAmsterdamtoconsidernewwaystoprotectitself,andthat’swhereResiliocomesin.Accordingtotheirwebsite,Resiliobuildsblue-greenroofsthroughoutAmsterdam.Togetherwiththelocalgovernment,fromtheyears2018to2022theyfixedspecializedroofsinAmsterdamneighborhoodsthatareinthemostdangerofflooddamage.Theseroofsaremadeofmanylayers.Themostimportantlayeristhewaterretention(保存)layer.Intimeofheavyrainfall,thislayercollectsrainwaterthatwouldotherwisefloodthestreets,whileintimeofdroughtitswaterfeedsthegardenonthetoplayer.Itisthislayerthatdifferentiatestheblue-greenroofsfromtheregulargreenroofs.Astudyshowsthattheblue-greenroofscancaptureupto97%ofextremerain,asopposedtotheabout12%thattheregulargreenroofscancapture.WhatmakesResilioroofssounique,however,aretheirsystems.Multipleblue-greenroofsareconnectedviaadigitalnetwork,meaningtheroofscaneachbecontrolledindividually,respondingtotheamountofwatercollectedonthatparticularroofasneeded.Eachroofalsohasavalve(阀门)thatisconnectedtoacomputersystemcalledtheDecisionSupportSystem(DSS).TheDSSnetworkswithlocalweatherforecaststodecidewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldopen,spillingwatersafelyandslowlyintothesewer(下水道)system,orwhetheritshouldremainclosedandcollectthecomingrain.ThesearetheinnovationsthatmakeResiliotrulyrevolutionary.Blue-greenroofsshowthatthesolutionstothedangersclimatechangebringsneedtobecreativeandmustworkonmanylevels.12.WhatmaydirectlyleadtothebuildingofResilioroofsinAmsterdam?A.Theincreasingdisasters.B.Thecity’sfinancialsuffering.C.Theever-risingsealevel.D.Thecity’sgeographicadvantage.13.WhatdoweknowaboutthewaterretentionlayerofResilioroofs?A.Theyareslowtodrought.B.Theyareabsolutelyperfect.C.Theyserveadoublepurpose.D.Theycantrapsolarenergy.14.WhatisthemainfunctionoftheDSSaccordingtothetext?A.Tocollectweatherinformation. B.Tocontroltheuseofthevalve.C.Tohelpthesewersystemwork. D.Toconnectthedigitalnetwork.15.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeResilioroofs?A.Challenging. B.Complicated. C.Beautiful. D.Smart.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来的屋顶花园很智能，它知道什么时候为干旱储存水，什么时候倾倒多余的水来防止洪水。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nowclimatechangehasbroughtmoresevereweather,heavyrainfall,andevendroughttothearea,forcingthecityofAmsterdamtoconsidernewwaystoprotectitself,andthat’swhereResiliocomesin(现在，气候变化给该地区带来了更恶劣的天气，暴雨，甚至干旱，迫使阿姆斯特丹市考虑新的保护自己的方法，这就是Resilio的作用所在。)”可知，气候变化带来的日益严重的自然灾害促使阿姆斯特丹创建了Resilio屋顶。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Intimeofheavyrainfall,thislayercollectsrainwaterthatwouldotherwisefloodthestreets,whileintimeofdroughtitswaterfeedsthegardenonthetoplayer.(在大雨的时候，这一层收集雨水，否则那些雨水会淹没街道，而在干旱的时候，它的水浇灌在顶层的花园。)”可知，Resilio屋顶有双重用途。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“TheDSSnetworkswithlocalweatherforecaststodecidewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldopen,spillingwatersafelyandslowlyintothesewer(下水道)system,orwhetheritshouldremainclosedandcollectthecomingrain.(DSS与当地的天气预报联网，以决定某一特定屋顶上的阀门是否应该打开，将水安全而缓慢地倾泻到下水道系统中，或者是否应该保持关闭状态，收集即将到来的雨水。)”可知，DSS联网当地天气预报，以此来决定特定屋顶的阀门的使用。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Imaginethatafuturisticroofgardenissointelligentthatitknowswhentostorewaterfordroughtconditions,andwhentodumpwatertopreventflooding.(想象一下，未来屋顶花园非常智能，它知道什么时候应该为干旱储存水，什么时候应该倾倒水来防止洪水。)”及第五段中“TheDSSnetworkswithlocalweatherforecaststodecidewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldopen,spillingwatersafelyandslowlyintothesewer(下水道)system,orwhetheritshouldremainclosedandcollectthecomingrain.(DSS与当地的天气预报联网，以决定某一特定屋顶上的阀门是否应该打开，将水安全而缓慢地倾泻到下水道系统中，或者是否应该保持关闭状态，收集即将到来的雨水。)”对Resilio屋顶的系统的描述可知，Resilio屋顶比较智能。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Herearethedon’tsanddo’sofshowingyoursupportforyourfriendswhenthey’rehavingahardtime.____16____.Therearetwoproblematickindsofhelpers;enthusiastsandfretters.Enthusiaststendtopushtheiradvice—toinsistonfixingorovercomingtheproblem.Frettersaresoworriedabouttheirfriend’schallengesthattheyareconstantlyconcernedaboutwhethertheyaredoingenoughtohelp.Trytokeepthosebehaviorsincheck.Nooneshouldhavetomanageyouwhenthey’regoingthroughatragedy.Don’tminimizethepainandstayawayfromstatistics.Forexample,ifafriendfailedthecollegeexam,don’ttellhimthat70%ofstudentsendinfailure.Rememberthatitdoesn’tmeanlesspainjustbecauseithappenstoalotofpeople.____17____.Keepthefocusonyourfriends.Whenyourfriendsaretalkingtoyou,it’seasyforyoutoshareasimilarstoryinanefforttorelateandconnect.Butit’snotalwayswelcome.Theymightfeelthatyou’vemadetheirpainaboutyou.____18____,letthemknowthatyouwentthroughsomethingsimilarbutallowthemtodecideiftheywanttohearaboutitatthemoment.Showingupisn’taone-timething.Rememberthatgrief(悲伤)issocomplexandyourfriendsmightgothroughseveralstagesofsorrow.____19____.Itmeansalotifyourfriendsknowthatyouarethinkingaboutthemallthetime.Askyourfriendshowyoucanbesthelp.____20____.Justask!A.Don’tletthemstayaloneB.Trynottobeover-enthusisaticorover-worriedC.KeepintouchwiththemandseeiftheyneedyoursupportD.IfyoudofeelthatyourexperiencemightbehelpfultothemE.Youdon’tneedtoautomaticallyknowwhatkindofhelptheywantF.Instead,feelwithyourfriendthebignessofwhatthey’regoingthroughG.Whenthereisn’taperfectresponsethatisgoingtomakepeoplefeelbetter【答案】16.B17.F18.D19.C20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述当你的朋友遇到困难时，向他们表示支持的注意事项。【16题详解】由下文“Therearetwoproblematickindsofhelpers;enthusiastsandfretters.Enthusiaststendtopushtheiradvice—toinsistonfixingorovercomingtheproblem.Frettersaresoworriedabouttheirfriend’schallengesthattheyareconstantlyconcernedaboutwhethertheyaredoingenoughtohelp.Trytokeepthosebehaviorsincheck.Nooneshouldhavetomanageyouwhenthey’regoingthroughatragedy.(有两种有问题的帮助者；狂热者和烦躁者。热心人士往往会提出建议，坚持解决或克服问题。怪胎们非常担心朋友的挑战，以至于他们总是担心自己是否做了足够的帮助。尽量控制这些行为。当他们正在经历一场悲剧时，没有人应该管理你。)”可知，作者这里建议要尽量控制成为狂热者和烦躁者。而B项Trynottobeover-enthusisaticorover-worried(尽量不要过于热情或担忧)符合语境，对下文有总括作用，其中over-enthusisaticorover-worried与下文enthusiastsandfretters对应。故选B项。【17题详解】由上文“Don’tminimizethepainandstayawayfromstatistics.Forexample,ifafriendfailedthecollegeexam,don’ttellhimthat70%ofstudentsendinfailure.Rememberthatitdoesn’tmeanlesspainjustbecauseithappenstoalotofpeople.(不要把痛苦降到最低，远离统计数据。例如，如果一个朋友大学考试不及格，不要告诉他70%的学生以失败告终。记住，这并不意味着疼痛减轻，因为它发生在很多人身上。)”可知，这里主要讲不要用数据来把朋友的痛苦降到最低。而F项Instead,feelwithyourfriendthebignessofwhatthey’regoingthrough(相反，与你的朋友一起感受他们所经历的巨大痛苦)符合语境，有承上作用。故选F项。【18题详解】由下文“letthemknowthatyouwentthroughsomethingsimilarbutallowthemtodecideiftheywanttohearaboutitatthemoment.(让他们知道你也经历过类似的事情，但让他们决定现在是否想听。)”可知，这里指要求朋友决定是否听你的经历，而D项Ifyoudofeelthatyourexperiencemightbehelpfultothem(如果你确实觉得你的经历可能对他们有帮助)符合语境，和后文构成条件状语从句，且yourexperience与下文wentthroughsomethingsimilar对应，有启下作用。故选D项。【19题详解】由下文“Itmeansalotifyourfriendsknowthatyouarethinkingaboutthemallthetime.(如果你的朋友知道你一直在想他们，那意义重大。)”以及上文可知，作者建议我们应一直关注朋友，而C项Keepintouchwiththemandseeiftheyneedyoursupport(与他们保持联系，看看他们是否需要你的支持)符合语境，其中Keepintouchwiththem与下文thinkingaboutthemallthetime对应，有启下作用。故选C项。【20题详解】由上文“Askyourfriendshowyoucanbesthelp.(问问你的朋友你能提供最好的帮助。)”可知，这里指要主动问朋友可以帮什么忙，而E项Youdon’tneedtoautomaticallyknowwhatkindofhelptheywant(你不必自动知道他们想要什么样的帮助)符合语境，有承上启下作用，其中help与上文对应。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Alohaisperhapsoneofthemostrecognizedwordsintheworld.Many____21____useittobrandtheirgoodsandservices.ButthereismoretoitinHawaii.It’sthespiritto____22____oneanotherallthetime,notonlywhena(n)____23____strikes.Anditwasthe____24____spiritofalohathathasbroughtwarmthandstrengthtothosewhohave____25____thedeadliestwildfireinmodernUShistorythatsweptacrossthehistoriccityofLahainajustaweekago.AricaLynnSouza,whose____26____wasburnedtothegroundonAugust8,describesalohaasbeingtherewhensomethinghappensandwhensomeone____27____help.ShethinksthatitisthespiritofalohathatmakesLahainaso____28____.“I____29____withmytwobabiesandaverysmallbag.Theonlyreasonwhywe’reabletohaveclothesonourbacksandeverythingelseisduetothiskindofalohafeelingwithinourcommunityandwitheachother.”KalikoKaauamoisaHawaiian-languageexpertandcurriculumdesigner.Whenaskedwhatalohalookslike,shequicklypaintsa____30____picture,“Alohaistheguywhosehomewasburneddown,whohasnoclothes,findshisslippers,putsthemonand____31____findssomeoneelsetohelpwithoutexpectinganything____32____.It’saphilosophy.It’sanappreciation.It’sa____33____lovethatwearebornandraisedwith.”Duringadisaster,communitymembersusually____34____tohelpeachother.Butitisthe____35____emotionalattachmentsetsHawaiiapartfromtherestoftheworld.21.A.children B.businesses C.speakers D.families22.A.treat B.greet C.praise D.help23.A.disaster B.phenomenon C.idea D.incident24.A.terrible B.tasty C.traditional D.expensive25.A.started B.survived C.missed D.recorded26.A.forest B.shop C.home D.school27.A.needs B.accepts C.ignores D.dislikes28.A.cold B.comfortable C.reasonable D.special29.A.escaped B.dropped C.argued D.separated30.A.vivid B.bright C.funny D.sad31.A.carelessly B.immediately C.unnecessarily D.hardly32.A.inperson B.inadvance C.inreturn D.inruins33.A.romantic B.realistic C.conditional D.selfless34.A.turn B.tend C.refuse D.pretend35.A.constant B.unhealthy C.understandable D.sudden【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.C27.A28.D29.A30.A31.B32.C33.D34.B35.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了“Aloha”这个词的含义，以及它在夏威夷文化中的重要地位。文章通过几个人的经历和观点，展现了“Aloha”精神在夏威夷社区中的作用，特别是在灾难中的互助和团结。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多企业用它来给他们的商品和服务打上品牌。A.children儿童；B.businesses企业；C.speakers演讲者；D.families家庭。根据后文“tobrandtheirgoodsandservices”可知给他们的商品和服务打上品牌的应该是企业。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一种始终互相帮助的精神，而不仅仅是在灾难发生时。A.treat对待；B.greet打招呼；C.praise赞扬；D.help帮助。根据后文“Duringadisaster,communitymembersusually14tohelpeachother.”可知，这是一种互相帮助的精神。故选D项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种始终互相帮助的精神，而不仅仅是在灾难发生时。A.disaster灾害；B.phenomenon现象；C.idea想法；D.incident冲突。根据后文“Duringadisaster,communitymembersusually14tohelpeachother.”可知，此处应是“不仅仅是在灾难发生时”之意。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一周前，美国现代史上最致命的野火席卷了历史名城拉海纳，正是Aloha的传统精神给幸存者带来了温暖和力量。A.terrible可怕的；B.tasty美味的；C.traditional传统的；D.expensive昂贵的。根据前文“ButthereismoretoitinHawaii.It’sthespiritto2oneanotherallthetime”可知，Aloha在夏威夷代表的是一种传统精神。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一周前，美国现代史上最致命的野火席卷了历史名城拉海纳，正是Aloha的传统精神给幸存者带来了温暖和力量。A.started开始；B.survived生存；C.missed错过；D.recorded记录。根据上文“broughtwarmthandstrengthtothose”和后文“thedeadliestwildfireinmodernUShistorythatsweptacrossthehistoriccityofLahainajustaweekago.”可知，此处是指在美国现代史上最致命的野火中幸存下来