16 阅读理解解题技巧-【暑假预习】2023新七年级英语核心知识点与常见题型通关讲解练（牛津译林版）

16阅读理解解题技巧第一部分题型解题技巧一、阅读理解题型介绍阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解短文中考主要文体包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，考点包括细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断、观点态度、写作意图、段落大意、标题归纳等。二、阅读理解题型做题技巧一、分门别类识别文体。记叙文阅读主要抓六大要素，时间地点、人物和事件的起因经过和结果。除此之外，还要注意人物之间的关系、表现，再从中分析人物的思想品质、性格特征等。议论文是阐明对人或事的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理从而得出结论。应用文能站近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、中清书、个人简历等，形式多样，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。二、统览全篇摘录要点阅读理解是对整前文章的目的、意园、观点、立场、志度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接获取的，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。抽录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。三、开动脑筋推测词义初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料。换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下几种方法完成内化过程:(1)根据上下文猜测调义。(2)根据构词法猜测词义。前缓un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy;fairunfair;important-unimportant等。缀-ment表名词，如developdevelopment;statestatement;argue-argument等。后最-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate-calculator;visit-visitor;law-lawyer;art-artist等。四、用知识和生活经验理解短文如根据化学知识，可以理解Walterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逆细推理实际上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。五、条分缕析理解长旬物型，相生间选理制的对点之一，长句中酒常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句短语等经过分析，化整为零，化默为简，此句就不难理解了。第二部分阅读理解专项训练（含解析）Ourliveshavebecomemoredigitalinthemodernworld.Wecanstudy,findinformationandcommunicatewithfriendsthroughcomputersandphones.However,spendingalotoftimeworking,reading,textingandgamingthroughdigitaldevicesisbadforoureyes.AccordingtotheAmericanOptometricAssociation,70to75percentofcomputerworkershaveeyeproblems.Digitaleyestrain(视疲劳)isoneofthemostcommonproblems.Peoplewithdigitaleyestrainmaygetheadaches,dryandredeyes,eyepain,wateringandotherproblems.Theseproblemshavestartedtoincreaseamongchildren.“Childrengetcellphonesatyoungeragesandareusingthemveryoftenduringtheday,”SarahHinkley,spokeswomanfortheAmericanOptometricAssociation,toldUSAToday.Thegoodnewsitthattherearemanythingsyoucandotoreducedigitaleyestrain.Whenusingacomputer,firstsitinyourchairandreachoutyourarm.Yourhandshouldrestcomfortablyonthescreen,asifyou’rehigh-fivingthescreen.Putsomebooksunderthecomputeruntilyoureyesfeelcomfortable.Whenyouareusingamobilephone,keepitatleast30cmfromyoureyesandjustbeloweyelevel.Trynottouseitundersunlight.Remembertotakea20-20-20break:every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feet（about6meters）away.1．WhatdoweknowfromSarahHinkley?A．Childrencaneasilygeteyestrain.B．Childrenshouldn’tusecellphones.C．Morechildrenareusingdigitaldevicesveryoften.D．Usingcellphonescancausemanyproblems.2．Whenweusephones,weshould________.A．usethemundersunlight B．turnoffthelightsC．keepthemjustbeloweyelevel D．keepthemclosetooureyes3．Thestorygivessuggestionsabout________.a.howtousecomputerssafelyb.Howtousephonessafelyc.whentotakebreaksfromelectronicdevicesd.howtocleanyoureyesA．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcdLong,longago,therewasamannamedHans.Helivedinaverysmallhousebyhimself,andeverydayheworkedinhisgarden.Hanshadmanyfriends,butthemostdevoted(忠诚的)friendwastheMiller.TheMillerwassodevotedtoHansthatwhenhewentpastHan’sgarden,healwayspickedsomeflowersandfruitfromthetree.“Realfriendsmustshareeverything,”theMilleroftensaid,andlittleHansenjoyedthegoodideaverymuch.SometimesHan’sotherfriendsthoughtitwasstrangethattherichMillernevergavelittleHansanythinginreturn(回报),butHansneverthoughtaboutthis.HelikedtolistentotheMillertalkaboutdevotedfriendship.Duringspringandsummerandautumn,Hansworkedinhisgardenandwasveryhappy,butwhenwintercameandhehadnofruitorflowerstosell,hewasoftencoldandhungry.HewasverylonelybecausetheMillernevercametoseehimthen.“ThereisnogoodreasonformetoseeHansinwinter,”theMillersaidtohiswife.“Whenpeoplearenothappy,wemustleavethemalone(让他们独自待着)andshouldn’ttalktothem.SoIshallwaittillspringcomes,andthenhewillgivemelotsofflowersandfruit,andthatwillmakehimveryhappy.”“Youthinksomuchaboutothers,”answeredhiswife.“Butwhydon’tweaskHanstocomehere?”saidtheMiller’syoungestson.“IfpoorHansisunhappy,Icangivehimhalfmyfood.”“Whatafoolishboyyouare!”criedtheMiller.“IfHanscomeshere,andseesourwarmfire,andourgoodfood,andourredwine(酒),hewillenvy(妒忌)us,andenvyisnotagoodthingtofeel.ItwillmakeHansabadman.Also,ifHanscomeshere,hewillaskmetogivehimsomeflour(面粉),andthatIcannotdo.Flourisonething,andfriendshipisanother.Thetwowordsaredifferentandtheymean(意思)quitedifferently,too.”—From《TheHappyPrince》4．Hansthinks________.A．realfriendsmustshareeverything B．flourisonething,andfriendshipisanotherC．thereisnogoodreasonfortheMillertoseehiminwinter. D．whenpeoplearenothappy,weshouldn’ttalktothem5．TheMillernevervisitedHansinwinter,because________.A．Hansdidn’twantvisitorsinwinter B．theMillerhasnotimetovisitHansinwinterC．Hanscouldn’tgiveanythingtohimatthattime D．theMillerwasn’tstrongenoughtogoatthattime6．Theunderlinedword“foolish”means________.A．聪明的 B．善良的 C．愚蠢的 D．慷慨的7．Thebesttitle(题目)forthispassagemaybe________.A．ThepoorHans B．Adevotedfriend C．TherichMiller D．Awinterstory.Amotherandheryoungsongetintoabusinasmallcityandsitdown.Thebusconductorcomestothemfortheirmoney.Themothersays,“Iwantoneticket(票)tothezoo.”Andshegivesheroneyuan.Theconductorlooksatthesmallboyforafewsecondsandthensaystohim,“Howoldareyou,youngman?”Themotherbeginstospeak,buttheconductorstopsher.Theboysays,“I’mfourathome,andtwoonthebuses.”Atlastthemotherhastotakefiftyfenoutofherpocketandgivesittotheconductor.8．Whydoestheconductorlookatthesmallboyforafewseconds?A．Shelikeshim. B．Shethinkstheboyneedstobuyahalf-priceticket.C．Sheknowsthesmallboy. D．Shesawtheboysomewhere.9．Whydoestheconductorstopthemotherandlettheboysaysomething?A．Theboy’swordsareinteresting. B．Themotherisabadmother.C．Thesmallboymaytellthetruth(事实). D．Shelovesthesmallboy.10．Whatdoestheunderlined(划线的)word“conductor”mean?A．司机 B．售票员 C．乘客 D．警察Changzhouhasalonghistoryofmorethan3,000years.It’shometomanyfamouspeople,likeLiuHaisuandZhouYouguang.HuaLuogengalsocomesfromChangzhou.HelivesinJintan,anareaofChangzhouforalongtime.Heisfamousforhisstudyinmaths.ChangzhouisinthesouthofChinaandit’sawatertown（城镇）.Therearelotsoflakesandrivers,soyoucanseemanyboats.Youcanfindlotsofoldhousestheretoo.FoodinChangzhoutastesgreatandthepeopletherearekind.IlikethefoodandthepeopleinChangzhou.ThebesttimetovisitChangzhouisinspringandautumn.Duringthetime,theweatherisniceandthescenry（风景）isthemostbeautiful.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“famous”meaninChinese?A．漂亮的 B．巨大的 C．著名的 D．特殊的12．WhoisNOTmentioned（未被提到）inthispassage?A．LiuHaisu. B．ZhouYouguang.C．HuaLuogeng. D．QuQiubai.13．WhatcanyouoftenseeinChangzhouaccordingtothepassage?A．Rivers. B．Hills. C．Planes. D．Museums.14．ThebesttimetovisitChangzhouisin________.A．January B．February C．December D．September15．What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Changzhou’slonghistory B．ThebesttimetovisithistoryC．Agreatcity—Changzhou D．Changzhou’speopleandfoodEarlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.ThisisanoldEnglishsaying.Doyouknowitbefore?Itsaysthatwemustgotobedearlyandgetupearlyinthemorning.Thenweshouldbehealthy.Weshouldalsoberich(wealthy)andclever(wise).Thisistrue.Thebodymusthaveenoughsleeptobehealthy.Childrenofayoungageshouldhavetenhours'sleepeverynight.Childrenwhodon'thaveenoughsleepcan'tdotheirworkverywell.Theywillnotbewiseandtheymaynotbecomewealthy!Thebodyalsoneedsexercise.Walking,running,jumping,swimmingandplayinggamesareallexercise.Exercisekeepsthebodystrong.Exercisealsokeepstheblood(血液)movingaroundinsidethebody.Thisisveryimportant.Ourbloodtakesfoodtoallpartsofourbody.Theheadalsoneedsblood.Exercisehelpsustothinkbetter!16．Ifachilddoesn'thave10hours'sleepeverynight,he.A．willbecomewise B．won'tdowellinhisworkC．willhavetosleepinthedaytime D．can'tgotoschoolintime17．Apersonneedsexercisebecause.A．itmakeshimhealthy B．ithasmuchbloodC．itdoesn'tneedtime D．itisfuntodoexercise18．Exercisemakesthe______

movequicklyandsmoothly.A．body B．water C．blood D．head19．Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A．Exerciseisgoodforaperson'sthinking. B．Astudentshouldhave10hours'sleep.C．It'sgoodforyoutogetupearlyandgotobedearly. D．Ifyouhaveenoughblood,you'llbewise.Doyouhaveanyfriendsfromothercountries?Doyouknowwhattheyarelike?TheGermansareveryquietandtheydon'tgetexcitedeasily.Theydon'twanttosaymorewords.Theylookserious(严肃的)，buttheyreallyknowhowtohavefun.Theyworkhardandliketidiness,MostGermanwomenliketokeeptheirhousesclean.Insomeways,theEnglishlookthesameastheGermans.Theyarealsoquietandnevertalktoomuchwithothers.Theyarereallypolite,soweoftenhear"Thankyou."or"Sorry."fromthem.TheFrenchhavelongholidays.Theyliketravellingandusuallyspendtheirlongtimeinothercountries.TheFrencharemoreoutgoing(外向的)thantheGermans.Itisveryeasytomakefriendswiththem.Comparedto(与……比较)theFrench,theAmericansaremoreoutgoing.AndtheyareevenopenerTheydon'tliketodependon(依靠)others.Soitisverypopularthatstudentsdopart-timejobs.InAmericans'eyes,workingandsuccessareimportant.20．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat____areveryquiet.A．onlytheGermans B．onlytheEnglishC．onlytheFrench D．boththeGermansandtheEnglish21．Theunderlinedword"tidiness"inparagraph2means____inChinese.A．整洁 B．安静 C．时尚 D．随意22．WhatcanwelearnabouttheFrenchfromthepassage?A．TheyaremoreoutgoingthantheAmericans.B．Itisveryeasytomakefriendswiththem.C．Theyliketravellingintheirowncountry.D．Theydon'tliketobetooexcitedandarealwayshard-working.参考答案：1．C2．C3．A【分析】这是一篇说明文，本文讲述了现代世界，生活越来越数字化。人们可以通过电脑和手机学习、查找信息、与朋友交流。然而，花大量时间工作、阅读、发短信和玩电子游戏对我们的眼睛有害。文章作者给出了人们很多保护视力的建议，人们可以做很多事情来减轻数码眼疲劳。1．推理判断题。根据“Childrengetcellphonesatyoungeragesandareusingthemveryoftenduringtheday”可知孩子们在更小的时候就有了手机，并且在白天非常频繁地使用它们，可推测出越来越多的孩子正经历数码眼疲劳，故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“keepitatleast30cmfromyoureyesandjustbeloweyelevel.”可知要让它与你的眼睛保持至少30厘米的距离，并且要低于你的眼睛，故选C。3．推理判断题。根据“Whenusingacomputer”、“Whenyouareusingamobilephone”、“Remembertotakea20-20-20break”可知讲到了如何安全使用电脑、手机，什么时候停止使用电子设备，但并未提到如何清洁眼睛，故选A。4．A5．C6．C7．B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了穷人汉斯和富人米勒的故事，穷人汉斯把富人米勒看作是最忠诚的朋友，然而富人米勒并非是真正的朋友。4．细节理解题。根据“Realfriendsmustshareeverything,”theMilleroftensaid,andlittleHansenjoyedthegoodideaverymuch.”可知，小汉斯非常喜欢这个好想法——真正的朋友应该分享一切。故选A。5．细节理解题。根据“SoIshallwaittillspringcomes,andthenhewillgivemelotsofflowersandfruit,andthatwillmakehimveryhappy.”可知，从来不在冬天去看汉斯，是因为他要等到春天来临，这样汉斯可以给他带来很多鲜花和水果，也就是说在冬天汉斯不能给Miller任何东西。故选C。6．词义猜测题。根据“IfHanscomeshere,andseesourwarmfire,andourgoodfood,andourredwine(酒),hewillenvy(妒忌)us,andenvyisnotagoodthingtofeel.”可知，Miller认为如果汉斯来他家里，就会跟他要食物、酒等，所以他认为他的儿子很傻，因此foolish意味着“愚蠢的”。故选C。7．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了穷人汉斯和富人米勒的故事，穷人汉斯把富人米勒看作是最忠诚的朋友，然而富人米勒并非真正的朋友，用“Adevotedfriend”作文章标题，能体现出反讽之意。故选B。8．B9．C10．B【分析】这篇短文描述了一对母子坐车，母亲想要少买一张票，最后被售票员识破，儿子说了实话，母亲不得不再买一张票。8．推理判断题。根据“Theconductorlooksatthesmallboyforafewsecondsandthensaystohim,‘Howoldareyou,youngman?’”和“Atlastthemotherhastotakefiftyfenoutofherpocketandgivesittotheconductor.”可知，售票员看了一会小男孩是确认一下男孩是否到了该买票的年龄，最后母亲也确实补了票。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据“Theboysays,‘I’mfourathome,andtwoonthebuses.’Atlastthemotherhastotakefiftyfenoutofherpocketandgivesittotheconductor.”可知，售票员阻止母亲而是让小男孩回答，是因为小孩可能会说实话。故选C。10．词义猜测题。根据“Thebusconductorcomestothemfortheirmoney.”可知，conductor是在公交车上收钱的人，故选B。11．C12．D13．A14．D15．C【分析】本文主要介绍了常州这座城市，包括当地的名人、地理、食物、人以及游览常州最好的季节等。11．词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“likeLiuHaisuandZhouYouguang.HuaLuogengalsocomesfromChangzhou”可知，这些都是名人，所以famous的意思为“著名的”。故选C。12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It’shometomanyfamouspeople,likeLiuHaisuandZhouYouguang.HuaLuogengalsocomesfromChangzhou.”可知，文中没有提到QuQiubai。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Therearelotsoflakesandrivers,soyoucanseemanyboats.”可知，在常州你能看到许多的湖泊和河流。故选A。14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“ThebesttimetovisitChangzzhouisinspringandautumn.”可知，参观常州的最佳时间是春季和秋季。January，Febr