专题15 阅读理解技巧-2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习牛津译林版

专题15阅读理解技巧一、阅读理解细节题一篇文章必须通过许多细节进一步解释和说明主题，体现中心思想。因此，阅读理解题中多数是针对文章中的细节而设计的，回答此类问题时，首先要认真审题，理解题意，然后根据提示词或线索词，运用查阅的技巧，快速在原文中查找正确的答案。这些题目的答案大都可以在文章对应的文字部分找到。解题应从以下几个方面人手：①直接细节题。题目主要由how和五个wh开头的问题，即：what，who，when，where，why开头的问题，这类题目一般都比较简单，根据提问的具体内容查找，即可得出答案。②间接细节题。一般指以释义或换一种方式重新设计的题目。解题时，音先要看懂题目，找出题目中的词或词组，然后找出文章中的对应部分。查找要借助于同义词或同义结构。因为题目中使用的词语或结构与文章中所使用的不同，但意思相同。解题技巧：阅读问题。在文中找出对应的答案句，即定位。（1）、关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First，Next，Finally等等。

（2）、同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯易错点：1.没有注意原文与试题之间的相互转换2.没有掌握中心或者主旨，不知道到何处找到自己所需要的事实真题解析AWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourdailylifeisbecomingmorecolorfulandmoreconvenient(便利).AnUnderwaterHotelItlookslikeaspaceshipbutitisactuallyapictureofanunderwaterhotel.Acompanyplanstobuildintheseawhichisabout18metresbelowthesurface.Thewholebuildingisunderwaterandyoucangettoitbyswimminganddiving.GoogleGlassGoogleGlassisapairofglasseswithabattery(电池)hiddeninsidetheframe(边框).Itcancarryoutmanyofthesametasksassmartphones.Theglasshasahiddencameraandatinyscreen.Itisdesignedtotakehands-freephotosorvideosofanythingpeoplearedoing.ANewKindofShirtHatewashingclothes?You’regoingtolovethiskindofshirtmadebyanAmericanclothingcompany,Wool&Prince.Thisshirtcanbewornfor100straightdayswithoutwashing!TheWool&Princeshirtneverneedsironing(熨烫).TheDigitalLibraryCanyouimaginewalkingintoalibraryandfindingallbookshaveturnedintocomputers?ThefirstbooklesspubliclibraryisplannedtoopeninSanAntonio,Texas.Computerswilltaketheplaceofbookssoon.32.TheDigitalLibrarytellsussomethingaboutalibrarywithout______.A.books

B.computers

C.bookshelves

D.readers【答案】A【解析】结合小标题TheDigital(数字)Library下第一句

Can

you

imagine

walking

into

a

library

and

finding

all

books

have

turned

into

computers

可知，数字化图书馆把所有的书都换成了电脑。因此这是没有书（books）的图书馆。computer

意为“电脑”，bookshelf

意为“书架”，reader

意为“读者”，均不符合题意。

Youprobablyknowyoushouldsay"please"and"thankyou"atrestaurants.Youprobablyknowtherulesofalibrary.Youknowyoushouldrespectandbeniceloyourclassmates.Butdoyouhavemusicmanners?KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthateveryonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player,otherpeoplecan'thearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldn'thaveitturneduptoohigh.TakeThemOff!YouneedtoknowwhentoturnyourMP3playeroffandputitaway.Librariesandschoolsdon'tallowMP3players.Thereareotherplaces,likemuseums,thatdon'thaverules,butitwouldberudetohaveyourMP3playeron.Sometimes,itjustdoesn'tmakesensetolistenyourMP3playeratevent.Whywouldyoulistentomusicataplay,amovieorasportingevent?Youwouldmisswhatisgoingonandotherswouldwonderwhyyouevencame.TakeOneOut!Onceinawhileit'sokayjusttotakeoutoneearphone.ImagineyouarelisteningonyourMP3playerwhensomeoneasksyoutheway.Itwouldnotberudetotakeoutoneearphone,tellhimtheway,andputbacktheearphoneandcontinuelistening.Youcanalsodothiswhenyouorderfoodatafast-foodrestaurantorwhenyouanswerthetelephoneandit'snotforyou.It'sYourChoice!Therearetimeswhenyouneedtodecidewhatisbest.Forexample,somepeoplecanlistentomusicontheirMP3playerswhenreadbooks,whileothersthinkitisdisturbing.Incaseslikethis,youneed10dowhatseemsrightforyou.Noonewantstolistento_______fromothers’MP3players.A)aloudsoundB)sadstoriesC)alongmovieD)thewordsofasong【答案】A【解析】第二段倒数第三行“Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears”，可以得出答案，选择AWeshouldturndownthemusicwhenwearealonebecauseloudmusic.A)isnotenjoyableB)makesustiredC)isbadforMP3playersD)hurtsourears【答案】D【解析】根据第二段倒数第一行“Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldn'thaveitturneduptoohigh”得出结论，选择DWecantakeonceearphoneoutwhenwe_showothersthewayB)talktofriendsonthephoneC)watchasportingeventD)havedinnerwithourparents【答案】A【解析】根据第四段的介绍我们可以排除C项和D项，A和B在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指的是“answerthetelephone”这一短暂的动作，而B项是与朋友在“telephone”中聊天，是个延续性的动作，故选择A。Jennylookedatthestorewindow.TherewasnothingthatshewantedmorethanaHappyHannahdoll.Itwas$29.95.Unluckily,Jennydidn’tevenhavethe95cents.Asshecrossedthestreet,shethoughtaboutdoingherbrother’shousework,cleaningthefloor,washingthedishesallmonth,buteventhenshewouldhaveonlyelevendollars.Suddenly,somethingsmallandpinkinthesnowcaughthereyes.Jennywalkedoverandpickeditupfromthesnow.Itwasabeautifulwallet.Sheopenedthewalletandfoundmanydollarsandawoman’sdriver’slicence.Jennyputthewalletintoherbagquickly.Sheturnedaroundandwalkedback.Jenny’sheartbeatfastassheenteredthestore.Shehadlongdreamedaboutthismoment,butsomethingdidn’tfeelright.AsshegottotheHappyHannahdolls,shepushedawayherfeelings.Shegrabbed(抓起)oneandwalkedtowardthecheckout.AsJennywaswaitingtopay,hermobilephonerang.Jennylookedaround,startled(吓了一跳).Itwashergrandma.Jenny’sheartwassuddenlyfilledwithloveandwarmthwhenshethoughtofher.Sheputthedolldownandansweredthephone.“Hi,Grandma!I’mgoingtobealittlebitlatetonight….Alright....Iloveyou,too.”Jennyleftthestoreandwalkedallthewayto301WestStreet.Thewomanwhoansweredthedoorlookedsad.“Here,Ifoundthisinthesnow,”Jennysaid.“Oh,goodGod!Thisisthemoneyfortheorphanage(孤儿院)!Thankyou!”Afterdoingherbrother’shouseworkforthreemonths,JennyfinallygotaHappyHannahdoll.Shewassohappybecauseshecouldplaywithherdollandlookhergrandmaintheeye.34.WhatdidJennyfindinthesnow?A.Abag. B.Adoll. C.Awallet. D.Amobilephone.35.HowdidJennyfeelwhenshethoughtofhergrandma?A.Touched. B.Warm. C.Nervous. D.Surprised.37.WhatdidJennydotogetthedoll?A.Sheaskedhergrandmaforhelp.B.Shetooksomemoneyfromthewoman.C.Shecleanedthefloorinthestoreforallmonth.D.Shedidherbrother’shouseworkforthreemonths.【答案】CBDIfIweretoaskyoutocloseyoureyesandIgaveyouapieceofappletoeat,wouldyoubeabletotellmewhatitisjustbytastingit?Ofcourse,youcould.Yourtongue(舌头)helpsyouknowwhatdifferentfoodstastelike.Doyouknowthatfoodswouldtastedifferentifyoudidnothaveanose?WhatYouNeed☆afriendtohelp☆smallpiecesofanyfoodlikecarrot,orange,banana—whateveryouhave☆smallpiecesofapples,raw(uncooked)potatoand(ifyouarebrave)onion(洋葱)WhatYouDoThereareactuallythreedifferentexperiments.Youandyourfriendshouldtaketurnstryingthemoneachother.Experiment1:Haveyourfriendclosehereyesandopenhermouth.Giveherapieceofthefoodandaskhertotasteit.Then,askherwhatshethinksitis.Shewillprobablyguesscorrectly.Experiment2:Whileyourfriendhashereyesclosed,giveherapieceofrawpotato.Atthesametime,holdapieceofapplerightunderhernose.Askhertoeatthepotatoandtellyouwhatshethinksitis.Shewillsayitisapieceofapple!Youcanevendoittheotherwayaround,andshewillthinksheiseatingapotato,or,perhaps,shewon’tbeabletonamewhatsheiseating.Experiment3:(forthebrave)Takeapieceofrawonion.Youdon’thavetocloseyoureyesthistime.Pressyournoseclosedwithyourotherhandsothatnosmellscangetintoyournose.Noweatasmallpieceoftheonion.Surprise!Aslongasyouholdyournose,youwillnotbeabletotastetheonion.TheScienceSecretYoualreadyknowthesciencesecret.Yournoseandyourtongueworktogethertomakefoodtastethewayitdoes.Yourtongue,however,cantasteonlycertainflavorslikesalty,bitter,sour,andsweet.Alloftheother“tastes”areactually“smells”,andyouneedyournosetotastethem.Oh,youmightusethissciencesecretthenexttimeyouareforcedtoeatsomethingyoudon’tlikethetasteof.Ifyouholdyournosewhileyoueatit,youwon’t“taste”itatall.39.WhatisthemostprobablereasonExperiment3iscalled“forthebrave”?A.Youhavetoeatarawonion. B.Youkeepyoureyesopen.C.Youhavetoholdyournose. D.Youdotheexperimentalone.【答案】A二、阅读理解之主旨题（一）如何确定文章的中心思想每篇文章都有主题思想，而大多数文章的主题思想是通过一个句子来表达的，这就是主题句。[来主题句通常是文章当中的第一句，从主题句中能找出文章主题思想的答案，但有时主题句也可以在文中或段尾。一般情况下，演绎性的文章的主题句多在句首，而归纳性的文章的主题句则常在段尾。如果作者把主题句写得很含蓄，没有明显地用一二个句子表达出来，可根据文章内容加以归纳总结，或把所有段落的主题句加以归纳，从中找出文章的主题思想。主旨大意题的提问方式：①Whatisthewritertryingtotelluswiththestory?②Thetextismainlyabout③Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe④Thepassagemainlytellsus⑤Themainidea(topic)ofthepassageisabout解题应从以下两个方面入手：①借助于文章的结构知识来把握中心思想。文章的中心思想常常由主题句来表达。一般来说，主题句常是文章的第一句或位于文章的第一段，用来交代全文所要说明的问题，同时引导以下段落进行展开和解释。有时主题句也出现于文章的中间段落或结尾，由全文展开讨论后归纳总结出来。因此，找准主题句是十分重要的。阅读时要特别注意文章的起始段、收尾段和段落的主题句。②有的文章没有主题句或没有主题段和收尾段。碰到这种情况不能采用辨认主题句或主题段的方法来获取段落或文章的中-心思想。这时，宜把不同的细节集中讨论的要点即共同点概括出来。需要读者自己在通读全文后归纳总结。【真题】PeopleinmanycountrieslearnEnglishandtheylearnitindifferentways．Somelearnitatschool．Somelearnitbythemselves．OtherslearnEnglishby(通过)radio，onTV，orinfilms.Themainidea0fthepassageis_______．A．peopleinmanycountrieslearnEnglishinmanyways．B．somelearnEnglishatschool．C．somelearnEnglishbythemselves．D．otherslearnEnglishbyhearingthelanguageovertheradio，onTV，orinfilms．【答案】A【解析】本文的第一句就是该文的主题句，讲述许多国家的人们以不同的方式学习英语。答案B、c、D都是第一句的扩展和说明，所以A是对的。Tennisisnotdifficultgametoplay，andyoudonotneedalotofequipment(装备)toplayit．Theremustbetwoorfourplayers．Eachplayershouldhaveacomfortabletennisracket(网球拍)．Theplayerwillneedsometennisballs，too．ofcourse，itisnecessarytohaveatenniscourt(网球场)!Themainideaofthepassageisthat________．playersneedtennisracketsB．youplaytennisonatenniscourtC．playersneedacourt，rackets，andtennisballsD．twoplayerswillneedtworacketstoplaythisgame【答案】C【解析】选项A、B、D的内容均不全面，只包括了打网球的单项内容；选项C是对选项A、B、D的综合概括，故C为正确答案。三、阅读理解推理判断题此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等推断，需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深入的分析。设题方式：1)Howmanytimesdidthetigercomeintothevillage?解题策略：*每段的首句，含有重要的解题线索。设题方式：2)Fromthesecondparagraphweknow_____.解题策略：*在把握全篇的基础上，细读这一段。推理判断题的常见类型：推断文章的出处（题材）与文章细节相关的推断对文章后续内容的推断数字相关的计算推断【真题】AngLeewontheBestDirectorOscarforhisadventurefilmLifeofPiatthe85thAcademyAwardsinHollywood,CaliforniaFebruary24,2013.LifeofPishowsayoungIndiannamedPi,whofindstheworldheknowssweptawaywhenhisfamilysellstheirzooandsetssailforCanadawithafewanimals.OnlyPiescapesfromthestormandfloatsinalifeboatwithagiantBengaltiger.“Ireallywanttothankyouforbelievingthisstoryandsharingthisunbelievablejourneywithme,”Leesaidinhisspeech.ThefilmalsowonthreeotherOscars,forbestoriginalmusic,bestcinematography(电影艺术)andbestvisual(视觉)effects.ItwonmoreawardsthanLincolnandArgowhichwerealsoamongthehottestnominees.ComingfromChina'sTaiwan,the58-year-oldLeewonanOscarforBestForeignLanguageFilmin2001forCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragonandanotherforBestDirectorin2006forBrokebackMountain.HeistheonlypersonofAsiantowinthedirectingawardandoneoftherarepeoplewhowonthatawardmorethanonce.Inanafter-ceremonyinterview,LeesaidhebelievedAsianfilmswouldcometothemainstageoftheworldsoonerorlater."IwasborninAsiaandgrewupwithChineseeducation.ItisnaturalformetoputAsianthinkingintoWesternthings."Thefilm,whichcost120millionU.S.dollars,hasearnednearly600milliondollarsworldwide.LeesaidmostoftheearningscamefromoutsideChina.LeesaidhefeltwarmthathewontheawardonthedayoftheLanternFestival,aChinesetraditionalfestivalonwhichfamiliesgettogethertosolvepuzzlesonlanternsandeatTangYuan.Hewishedeveryoneahappynewyearofthesnakeandeverybodygetslucky.1.WhatkindoffilmdoesLifeofPibelongto?A.Comedies.B.Tragedies.C.Detectivefilms.D.Adventurefilms.【答案】DTheStatueofLiberty,whichhasbeenclosedtothepublicsincesuperstormSandystruckinOctober,willreopenbyJuly4.TheStatueofLibertywaspresentedtotheUnitedStatesbytheFrenchpeoplein1886.ItstandsatLibertyIslandasawelcometoallreturningAmericans.It’sfivemonthssincethemonumentandLibertyIslandwereshutdownafterthestorm.Whilethestatueitselfwasnotseriouslyharmedbythestorm,severalbuildingsontheislandexperiencedtheterribleflood.ThewayusedbyshipscarryingvisitorsfromlowerManhattanandNewJerseywasalsodestroyed.“It’sgoodnews,it’salittlelate,butatleastit’sthere,andnowwe’llwatchlikeaneagletomakesurethispromiseiskept,”SchumertoldNBCNewYork.InJanuary,thegovernmentspent$59millionrepairingbothLibertyIslandandnearbyEllisIsland,whichwasalsodamagedinthestorm.ButtheofficershavenotannouncedwhenEllisIslandwillreopen.InNovember,morethanamillionartworkshadtoberemovedfromthemuseumtherebecauseofthestorm.TheStatueofLibertyisoneofthecountry’smostpopulartouristattractions.AccordingtotheNationalParkService,morethan3.7millionpeoplevisitthesiteeveryyear.34.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordItinthefifthparagraphreferto?A.TheStatueofLibertywaspresentedbyFrenchpeople.B.Thegovernmentspent$59millionrepairingLibertyIslandandEllisIsland.C.TheStatueofLibertystandsatLibertyIslandasawelcometoall.D.TheStatueofLibertywillreopenbyJuly4.【答案】D四、阅读理解词义猜测题设题方式：Whatdoestheword“…”meaninparagraph3?Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_______.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解题策略：阅读中碰到生词时不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。此外，我们也可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义，或通过上下文,同义词，反义词，生活常识等猜测，尤其是本句话以及前后两句话，给生词假设意思，看是否读的通。还可以联想，即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写方法与该生词类似的词。(1)捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案(2)根据上下文猜词义。它和前后文有着必然的联系,只有把握作者的脉搏，理清逻辑链条,才能锁定生词的含义。例如：Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.calendar日历(3)转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。(4)依解释Microscopeisaninstrument(工具)thatmakessmallnearobjectsseemslarger.Microscopemeans__显微镜.根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：(1)注意定义和解释；(2)同义词或近义词的提示；(3)近义词和反义词的提示；(4)利用悬念的属种关系；(5)借助已有知识或生活常识。【真题】Adoctorenteredthehospitalinahurryafterbeingcalledinforanurgent(紧急的)operation.Heansweredthecallassoonaspossible,changedhisclothesandwentdirectlytotheoperationroom.Hefoundtheboy'sfathergoingandcominginthehallwaitingforthedoctor.Onseeinghim,thedadshouted,"Whydidyoutakeyousomuchtimetocome?Don'tyouknowthatmyson’slifeisindanger?It’syourdutytosavepatients?"Thedoctorsmiledandsaid,"Iamsorry,Iwasn'tinthehospitalandIcamethefastestIcouldafterreceivingthecall...Andnow,Iwishyou'dcalmdownsothatIcandomywork.”“Calmdown?Whatifyoursonisinthisroomrightnow,wouldyoucalmdown?Ifyourownsondiesnow,whatwillyoudo?”saidthefatherangrily.Thedoctorsmiledagainandanswered,"IwillsaywhatJobsaidintheBible(圣经)--'Fromdustwecameandtodustwereturn,blessed(保佑)bythenameofGod'．Doctorscannotprolonglives.Goandpray(祈祷)foryourson,wewilldoourbest.""it’ssoeasytogiveadvicewhenpeopletalkaboutothers’business.”saidthefather.Theoperationtookseveralhours.Afterthat,thedoctorwentouthappily,"Thankgoodness!Yoursonissaved!"Andwithoutwaitingforthefather'sreply,hecarriedonhiswayrunning.“Ifyouhaveanyquestion,askthenurse!""Whyishesoproudandimpatient?Hecouldn'twaitsomeminutessothatIcouldaskaboutmyson'ssituation?"saidthefatherwhenseeingthenurseminutesafterthedoctorleft.Thenurseanswered,tears(眼泪)comingdownherface,"Hissondiedyesterdayinaroadaccident.Hewasinthefuneral(葬礼)whenwecalledhimforyourson'soperation.Andnowthathesavedyourson'slife,heleftrunningtofinishhisson'sfuneral."Theunderlinedphrase“prolonglives”probablymeans“________”.A.helppeoplekeepsafe B.helppeopleoutofdangerC.helppeoplelivelonger D.helppeoplebecomestronger【答案】CParentsnowneedtobribechildrentomakethemr