人教课标新教材必修3-Unit-2-单元整体提升(人教版2019必修第三册)

人教课标新教材必修3UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES单元整体提升moral

adj.道德的;道义上的→

___________adv.道义上;道德上→___________

adj.不道德的;邪恶的

2.

precious

adj.珍稀的;宝贵的→___________

adv.过分讲究地;昂贵地

3.

marryv.

(和某人)结婚;嫁;娶→___________

adj.

已婚的

→___________

n.结婚;婚姻morallyimmoralpreciouslymarriedmarriage4.

major

adj.主要的;重要的;大的→___________

n.

大部分;大多数5.complainvi&vt.抱怨;埋怨;发牢骚→___________

n.不满的原因;抱怨;埋怨6.respond

v.回答;回应→___________

n.反应;回答;回复7.rejectvt.拒绝接受；否决→___________n.拒绝接受；否决majoritycomplaintresponserejection8.appoint

vt.任命;委派;安排→___________

n.约会;约定;任命→___________

adj.被任命的9.tense

adj.神经紧张的;担心的→

_____________ n.紧张关系;紧张;焦虑10.retire

vt.&vi.退休;退职;退出→_____________ adj.已退休的→_____________ n.退休11.scare

vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓→_____________ adj.吓人→_____________ adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的tensionretiredscaringscaredappointed1.__________________道德困境2.__________________易于做某事;往往会发生某事3.__________________含着泪;流着泪4.__________________……绊倒5.__________________帮助某人渡过难关6.__________________帮助某人脱离(困境)7.__________________作为……的纪念8.__________________处于绝望中9.__________________大量10.__________________去世moraldilemmatendtodosth.intearstripovercarrysb.throughsth.helpsb.outofinmemoryofindespairagreatdeal(of)passaway1.比较级与否定词连用,表示最高级Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife.(P16)2.名词前有序数词修饰，多用不定式作后置定语SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.(P16)3.sb.beseendoingsth.某人被看见正在做某事Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.(P16)4.not...until...直到……才……

DrLindidnotretireuntilthedayshedied,22April1983.(P17)

1.majorityn.

大部分；大多数

Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls,shechosetostudymedicine.（P16）the/amajorityof 大多数的inthemajority 占多数majoradj.

主要的minorityn.少数，少部分aminorityof少数的……

minoradj.次要的【语境应用】单项选择。One-thirdofthecountry_____coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_____blackpeople.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;is2.complainvi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!herbrothercomplained,thinkingofthehightuitionfees.(P16)complaintosb. 向某人诉说complainabout/ofsth. 抱怨……complaint n.投诉，抱怨，怨言

makeacomplaintabout 对……提出投诉【语境应用】翻译句子。1)I’mgoingtocomplaintothemanageraboutthis.

_________________________________________2)Shecomplainedthatnoonehadbeenattheairportto

meether._________________________________________3)Mymotherhasbeencomplainingofseriousheadaches._________________________________________我要向经理投诉这件事。她抱怨说没有人到机场接她。我妈妈一直抱怨说头痛得厉害。3.tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于

Shewasinterestedintendingpatients,punishingmedicalresearchoncareforwomenandchildren.(P17)tendsb./sth. 照料/照看某人/某物tendtodosth. 易于做某事tendto/toward(s)sth. 倾向……的趋势tendency n.倾向，趋势

haveatendencytodosth. 有做某事的倾向【语境应用】根据所给汉语补全下列句子。1)人们普遍倾向于做他们擅长或喜欢的事情。

Generally,people_________

dowhattheyaregoodat

doingorwhattheylikedoing.2)西蒙的很多朋友认为他的观点趋于偏激。ManyofSimon’sfriendsthinkhisview______________

theextreme.3)当人们不同意大卫的观点时，他就容易生气。David_________

getangrywhenpeopledisagreewith

him.tendtotendstowards/totendsto4.replacevt.接替;取代;更换ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeonetoreplacethesecretary.(P17)

replacesth.with/bysth.用某物代替某物taketheplaceof=takeone’splace取代inplaceof代替；取代【语境应用】完成句子。1)Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcars_____________expensivenewsportscars.2)Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，humanbeings_____________byrobotsinthefuture.3)Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedand_____________withsomeotherlesscompetitiveevent.withwillbereplacedreplaced5.harmn.&v.伤害；损害Istherenooneinthisvillagewhofeelsanyresponsibilitytokeeptheirneighboursfromharm?do/causeharmto对造成伤害Thereisnoharmindoing

……做某事无害处harmfuladj.

有害的，造成伤害的beharmfulto对……有害【语境应用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子。1)

他永远不会伤害任何人。Hewouldnever________________________.2)

这起诉讼案件将损害我的生意。Thecourtcasewill________________________my

business.

3)

打扮一下不会对你有任何坏处。Itwouldn’t________________________todressyourself

up.

doharmto/beharmfultodoyouanyharmharmanyone/anybodycarrysb.throughsth.帮助某人度过难关ThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintotheheartoftheseamazingwoman,andwhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.(P16)carrythrough 完成;进行到底carryout 执行，实行;贯彻;实现carryon 开展;维持;继续carryforward 继承，弘扬carryaway 拿走;带走;使激动;使着迷carryoff 抢走;窃走;赢得;摘得奖牌;完成【语境应用】用适当的介词或副词填空。1)

Sorry,Iinterruptedyou.Pleasecarry________.2)Turnoffthewatersupplybeforecarrying________repairs.3)Intheend,itwasherbeliefinjusticethatcarriedher________.4)Theactivityisaimedatcarrying________theChinesetraditionalculture.onoutthroughforward2.passaway去世Sadly,DrBethunepassedawayinNovemberthefollowingyearandwereburiedinShijiazhuang.(P18)

passsth.ontosb. 将某物交给某人passsth.down 将某物一代代流传下来passby 路过;(时间)过去passout 分发;分配;晕倒passdown 传下来【语境应用】用以上pass短语的适当形式填空。1)Thetraditionhas________________fromfathertosonforgenerations.2)_______thebook_______tomewhenyou’vefinishedwithit.3)ItreallymadeusshockedthatMrsGreen________________inhersleeplastnight.4)Whatmademeangrywasthathe________________withoutgreetingme.beenpasseddownPassonpassedawaypassedby3.agreatdeal

(of)大量Afteragreatdealofefforts,shefinallysucceededin

movingittothesideofthestreet.(P20)常用来修饰不可数名词的单词或词组

much；a(great)

deal

of；abitof；a(n)(large)amount

of/amountsof【语境应用】翻译下列句子。1)这个项目节省了大量的资金。2)我们村比他们村富裕多了。Agreatdealofmoneyhasbeensavedfortheproject.Ourvillageisagreatdealricherthantheirvillage.4.inmemoryof作为对……的纪念AfterDrBethune’sdeath,ChairmanMaowroteanarticleinmemoryofhim,inwhichhepraisedDrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinChina.(P18)

inpraisedof 赞美；歌颂inhonourof 纪念；向……表达敬意insearchof 寻找inchargeof 负责；掌管【语境应用】根据所给的汉语提示完成下列句子。1)为了纪念这位著名的作家，他们兴建了这所学校。Theyfoundedtheschool___________________________.2)为了寻求更好的生活，他已经下定决心去上海。

Hehas

madeuphismindtogotoShanghai

___________________________.insearchofabetterlifeinmemoryofthefamouswriter1.先行词为抽象地点的定语从句Amoraldilemmaisasituationinwhichyouhavetwoormoredifficultchoicestomake.(P14)当先行词是stage，point，case，situation，position，job，business，scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺少状语时，常用关系副词where来引导定语从句，相当于inwhich。抽象名词后面的定语从句若缺少主语或宾语则用that/which来引导。【语境应用】单句语法填空。1)Theirchildrenatthestage___________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2019天津高考)2)Withthedevelopmentoftourism,securityisbecominga

keypoint___________touristsareconcernedabout.3)Ourclassisawarmfamily,___________wecareforandencourageeachother.4)Whenwegettothepoint

___________Iwasstayingupreallylateatnighttogetmyworkdown.wherethat/whichwherewhere2.the+序数词+名词+todosth.In1941,

DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital…(P16)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前有thenext，theonly，thelast等时，常用不定式作后置定语。动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多为抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief【语境应用】单句语法填空。Heisalwaysthefirst____________(answer)questions.AsfarasIknow,Amythefirstperson____________(witness)thecaraccident.3)Theability____________(express)anideaisasimportantas

theideaitself.

toanswertowitnesstoexpress3.比较级与否定词连用表最高级

Toaperson,nothingismoreimportantthantheirlife.(P16)【语境应用】完成句子。1)在我看来，健康是最重要的。

Inmyopinion,___________________________healthinlife.2)没有什么比那更难了。___________________________thanthat.3)Nothingis______(easy)thantocheatoneself.

再没有什么比欺骗自己更容易的了。nothingismoreimportantthanNothingismoredifficulteasier4.sb.beseendoingsth.某人被看见正在做某事

Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.(P16)

与see类似的表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear、feel、smell、watch、find等，其后都可接“宾语+动词-ing形式”构成的复合宾语结构，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的动作和情况。

eg.Weoftenseeherdancinginfrontofthepublic.【语境运用】用所给词的适当形式完成句子。1)Wesawtheteacher_______(make)theexperiment.2)IheardanEnglishsong__________(sing)byalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.makingbeingsung

动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种，兼有动词和形容词的特征，在句中可作表语，定语，宾语补足语和状语，一般表示进行或主动的意思。动词-ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，动词-ing形式所表示的动作和句子的主语是主动关系。动词-ing形式在句中可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、程度和结果状语。动词-ing形式作状语1.作时间状语

eg.Seeing

thepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.

一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。2.作原因状语

eg.Being

ill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.

因为生病了，他昨天没有上学。3.作条件状语

eg.Turning

totheleft,youwillseeaschool.

向左转你就会看到一所学校。4.作让步状语

eg.Granting

thistobetrue,wecannotexplainit.

虽然我们承认这是事实，却无法予以说明。5.作方式状语

eg.Yougavemesuchafrightcreepinguponmelikethat!

你那样不声不响地从后面过来，吓我一跳！6.作结果状语

eg.Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.

那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上磕破了。7.作伴随状语

eg.Thelittleboywentupstairs,trailinghisteddybearbehindhim.

那个小男孩走上楼去，身后拖着他的玩具熊。

Emmawassittinginanarmchairreadingabook.

Emma坐在一张扶手椅上看书。Attention:动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，要注意它的时间性，即注意是用一般式（doing）还是用完成式（havedone）。当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用一般式；当它的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，用完成式。egWalkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。

Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。动词-ing形式的时态使用动词-ing形式的主动式（doing/havingdone）还是被动式（beingdone/havingbeendone），这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。通常，句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。eg.Wewalkedalongtheriverbank,talkingandlaughing.我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。（主动）Beingrepairednow,thecomputercan’tbeused.由于现在正在修理，这台电脑不能用了。（被动）动词-ing形式的语态宾语补足语位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语是什么或怎么样，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。We

cansee

aboy

singing

inthepicture.宾语补足语主语谓语宾语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语eg.Wecanseeherlisteningtomusic.

Thepolicecaught

themanstealing

themoney.

Attention:动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，常和表示感观和心理状态的动词see,notice,watch,lookat,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find,catch等动词后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语。在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不带to的动词不定式时，表示动作经常发生或动作从开始到结束的全过程。egIsawhimgettingoutofthecar.我看见他正在下车。Isawhimgetoutofthecar.我看见他下车了。eg.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.不好意思让你等这么久。Hisfatherdonotlethimsmoke.他父亲不让他抽烟。

动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，也常和表示使役的动词keep，get，leave，set，have等动词后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语，表示，“使……一直处于某种状态”。选择括号内合适的内容填空。1.Cleanthedesk,Peter!Don'tjuststandthere________(doing,todo)nothing!2.Joehurthisknee________(playing,toplay)football,soheisn'tabletotakepartinthesportsmeettomorrow.3.Not________(knowing,toknow)whattodo,Icalledmyfriendtoaskherforadvice.4.While________(walking,towalk)toschool,theysawmanybeautifulflowers.doingplayingknowingwalking5._____________(Havingspent,Spent)mostofhislifeinLondon,Samhasnowgonetoliveinasmallvillage.6.Theboy________(injuring,injured)intheaccidentwastakentothehospitalimmediately.7.Theman________(sitting,tosit)nexttomeontheplanewasasleepmostofthetime.8.Thewaitingroomwasemptyexceptforanoldman________(sitting,tosit)inthecorner________(reading,toread)amagazine.HavingspentinjuredsittingsittingreadingTherehasbeenadramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,causedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,____________(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.

(2021北京卷)resulting2.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,__________(think)itisfood.(2021新高考卷II)3.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeandindryareas,___________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(2020浙江卷)4.Nervously_________(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.

(2019北京卷)5.Whenwegotacall_________(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.(2019新课标Ⅱ)thinkingmakingfacingsayingTwomostpreciousdiamondsAnoldmanwaswalkingaroundamarket,wherehesawafinecamel.Hewantedtobuyit,sohewenttotheownerofthecamelandboughtithome.Onreachinghome,theoldmanaskedhissontoremovethesaddle(鞍).Whiledoingit,thesonfoundasmallbaghiddenunderthesaddle,inwhichthereweremanypreciousdiamonds(钻石).Thesonaskedhisfathertokeepthe如何写故事评论【写作任务】阅读下面一则故事，写一篇读后感。diamondsforhimself,buttheoldmansaidtohim,“Ijustpaidforthecamel,notforthediamonds.Imust