语法专题03 宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句-2023年江苏中考英语二轮复习语法专题讲解与题型强化训练（牛津译林版）

语法专题03宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句☞【考点介绍】考点分值题型出题方向宾语从句1-2分单项选择完形填空短文填空宾语从句的语序-陈述语序宾语从句的时态-注意客观真理永一现宾语从句的连接词选择-that/whether/if状语从句1-3分单项选择完形填空单词拼写短文填空时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件等各种状语从句时间状语从句和条件状语从句遵循的“主将从现”原则判断连接词if引导的是条件状语从句（如果）还是引导宾语从句（是否）单词拼写中遇到填“是否”最好写成whether形式定语从句0-1分单项选择完形填空短文填空定语从句偏向于选关系词that的原因定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句填who和whom的区分☞【应试技巧】一、宾语从句宾语从句的连接词①that引导的宾语从句陈述句（肯定或否定）作宾语从句，由连词that引导。因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。Thesunrisesintheeast.Weallknow.→Weallknowthatthesunrisesintheeast.②if或whether引导的宾语从句一般疑问句作宾语从句，由连词whether或if引导，因为if/whether在句中翻译成“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略，且宾语从句要用陈述句语序。Willhecomebacktomorrow？Doyouknow？→Doyouknowif/whetherhewillcomebacktomorrow？后接if/whether的常见词有：wanttoknow/wonder/doubt/I’mnotsure。③wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句特殊疑问句作宾语从句由疑问代词who、whom、whose、what、which等或疑问副词when、where、how、why等引导，WhichsweatershouldTombuy？Tomcan'tdecide.→Tomcan'tdecidewhichsweaterheshouldbuy.宾语从句的时态①如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态根据实际情况而定。eg:Sheknows(that)herparentswillarriveinNanjingtomorrow.Iknow(that)helivedherefiveyearsago.Wehaveheard(that)shepractisesdancingeveryday.Iamlookingforwheremypurseis.②如果主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时），那么从句要用相应的过去的具体状态。时态变化的规律如下表：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时eg:Ididn’tknow(that)hewouldcome.MissLitoldus(that)shehadseenthefilm.Isaw(that)shewastalkingwithhermother.【注意】1、如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学事实时，不管主句是何种时态，都用一般现在时。Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.2、当主句是Couldyou/Wouldyou…表示婉转的语气，从句的时态无需受主句的影响发生变化。Couldyoutellmeifitisgoingtoraintomorrow?宾语从句的语序如果what’swrong/what’sthematter在句中充当宾语从句，语序不变。如果疑问词what或who在从句中作主语，其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变。e.g.Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.Shedoesn’tknowwhat’sthematterwithhim.Jackdidn’tknowwhathappened.Iwanttoknowwhat’sonthedesk.二、状语从句状语从句易混点：till/until和not…untiltill在口语中用的较多，句首一般用until，而不用tillTheywalkedtill/untilitwasdark.(主句动词是持续动词)Iwillreadthebookuntil/tillIfinishit.XiaoMingdidn’tleavehometill/untilhisfathercameback.(主句动词是瞬间动词)I__________(go)tobeduntilIfinishmyhomework.Mymother_________(wait)forhimuntilhecameback.【答案】won’tgowaitsince引导的时间状语从句与before引导的时间状从特殊句型：Ithasbeen...since+从句./Itis...since+从句Itwas(not)+时间+before+从句1.Itwasalongtime______hecamebackhome.A.sinceB.whileC.untilD.Before2.Thebookwassointerestingthathereaditforfourhours_______herealizedit.while B.after C.before D.assoonas3.---Howlonghaven’tyouwrittentoyourfather? ---It’sthreemonths______hereceivedmylastone. A.when B.after C.before D.since4.---Peter,willyouleaveforGreatBritainnow?---No.ItwillbetwoweeksIleavehere.AuntilBsinceCbeforeDwhen【答案】DCDCas/when/while的辨析as/when/while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：as表示“一边…...一边＂的意思，强调两个动作同时进行，表示对比时用于发生时间较短时when还可以表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作＂之前＂或＂之后＂发生。while①用于时间较长时;②强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时例：Hevisitedalotofplaces_______hewastraveling.Iwasdoingmyhomework________myfatherwaswashinghiscar.______Igrowup,Iwilltravelaroundtheworld._______shestoodthere,sheheardthefirstbell.WewerewatchingTV______suddenlythelightwentout.【答案】whilewhileWhenAswhen注意：1.Itwasraininghardwhen(as)Igotthere.(动作同时发生，when可换为as,但不能换为while，因为get是瞬间动词.)2.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)3.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,while,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.(表转折，对比，when,as都不能代替)4.MotherwasworriedbecauselittleAlicewasill,especiallyas(when/while)fatherwasaway.(此时as,when,while可通用)if和unless(=if…not)(1)Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgohiking.(2)Youwillbelateunlessyouleaveimmediately=Ifyoudon’tleaveimmediately,youwillbelate.because,since,as与for这三个词所表示的语气由because到as逐渐减弱。由why提出的问题用because回答。—Whyareyoulate? 你为什么迟到？—BecauseI'mill. 因为我病了。since表示的原因是人们已知的事实,since在这里译为“既然” 例：Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.表示双方已知的事实或理由，强调未发生的结果。例：Asyouareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotstayuplate.表示双方已知的事实或理由，强调已发生或经常发生的结果。for为并列连词，附带解释说明前面分句的理由位置上：because可前可后，since/as只能句首；for句中，前有逗号1._______youhavefinishedthework,youcanhavearest.A.SinceB.BecauseC.WhileD.Until2.TheprogrammeRunningManhasbeenhotonscreenrecently_____somepopstarsbringtheaudiencealotoffun.untilB.becauseC.thoughD.unless【答案】ABso...that与such...that互换Sheissuchalovelygirlthatweloveherverymuch.（句型转换）=________________________weloveherverymuch.【答案】Sheissolovelyagirlthat注意：当名词前有many或much或few/little(少的)修饰时,用so而不用such1.—_______littlewaterisnotenoughfor_______manybirds.—_______littlebirdscannothave_______much.A.Such;such;Such;so B.So;so;So;such C.Such;so;Such;so D.So;so;Such;so2.Amyis_______acarefulgirlthatshemade______mistakesinherlastexam.A.so;solittle B.so;suchlittle C.such;suchfew D.such;sofew3.___littleboyshave____littledifficultyinworkingouttheseproblems____Iadmirethemverymuch.Aso;so;thatBsuch;so;thatCso;such;/Dsuch;such;/【答案】DDB三、定语从句定语从句的构成ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.★先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词又分为关系代词与关系副词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：when,where,why★只用that不用which的情况①当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略。②还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.③以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which或who时,都只能用that=4\*GB3④当先行词被theonly，thevery修饰时表示强调=5\*GB3⑤两个定语从句中一个已用which时，另一个用that1).Weshoulddoeverything_________isgoodforourstudies.2).Theisthefirstplace________Iwanttovisit.3).Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.4).Thisistheonlything_________wecando.5).Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings________Ihadneverseenbefore.6).Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons__________wewereinterestedin.【答案】1.that2.that/\3.that/\4.that/\5.that/\6.that/\☞【真题回顾】【2022-盐城中考】13.—Canyoutellme________?—Neverspendtoomuchtimeonscreen.A.howwecanhavebrighteyes B.whyweshouldprotectoureyesC.wherewecanseeaneyedoctor D.whenweshoulddoeyeexercises【答案】A【解析】句意：——你能告诉我怎样才能拥有明亮的眼睛吗？——不要花太多时间在屏幕上。考查宾语从句的引导词。how如何，怎样；why为什么；where哪里；when什么时候。根据“Neverspendtoomuchtimeonscreen”可推测出，在询问如何才能拥有明亮的眼镜，“如何，怎样”，此时应用关系副词how引导宾语从句。故选A。【2022-淮安中考】9.—Mum,Ifoundawalletonthebusthismorning.—Ithinkyoushouldgiveittothepoliceandtheymayknow________.A.howistheowner B.whoistheowner C.howtheowneris D.whotheowneris【答案】D【解析】句意：——妈妈。今天早上我在公共汽车上发现了一个钱包。——我想你应该把它交给警察，他们也许会知道主人是谁。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AB；结合“Ithinkyoushouldgiveittothepoliceandtheymayknow...”可知，是可能知道主人是谁。故选D。【2022-南通中考】14.Sandyaskedtheboy________.A.whydidhelikeEnglishfilms B.howhewillimprovehisEnglishC.whyhereadtheEnglishmagazine D.howmanynewwordshehaslearned【答案】C【解析】句意：桑迪问男孩为什么看英文杂志。考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，可排除A选项；再根据“Sandyaskedtheboy”可知，主句是一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态，可排除BD选项。故选C。【2022-扬州中考】14.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme________?—YoucantakeNo.6busthere.It’sabout15minutes’ride.A.howfaristheSlenderWestLake B.howfartheSlenderWestLakeisC.howcanIgettotheSlenderWestLake D.howIcangettotheSlenderWestLake【答案】D【解析】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去瘦西湖吗？——你可以在那里乘坐6路公交车。大约15分钟的车程。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“YoucantakeNo.6busthere”可知上句询问应如何去某地，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。【2022-宿迁中考】14.—Jenny,doyouknow________?—Er,nextTuesday.A.whenthesportsmeetingwilltakeplace B.whenwillthesportsmeetingtakeplaceC.wherethesportsmeetingwilltakeplace D.wherewillthesportsmeetingtakeplace【答案】A【解析】句意：——珍妮，你知道运动会什么时候举行吗？——额，下周二。考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；根据“nextTuesday”可知上文询问时间，用when引导宾语从句。故选A。【2022-连云港中考】13.—Couldyoupleasetellme?—YoucantakeNo.2Bus.A.whenwasthenearesthospitalbuiltB.howcanIgettothenearesthospitalC.whenthenearesthospitalwasbuiltD.howIcangettothenearesthospital【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句和问路的方式。D表示“我怎样能够到达最近的医院”。【2022-无锡中考】10.—Therewillbearobotonshowinourschoolnextweek.—Really?Iwonder________.A.whatitlikes B.whatitislikeC.whatdoesitlike D.whatisitlike【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句的语序问题，宾语从句中要用陈述语序，所以C和D都是错误的，根据第一句话可知我想的是这个机器人长得什么样子，所以选择B选项。【2022-泰州中考】9.—Mum,doyouknow________?Anengineer.—That’sinteresting.Iguessyouoftenfixthingsforothersinyourschool.A.whatdomyclassmatescallme B.whatmyclassmatescallmeC.whydomyclassmatescallme D.whymyclassmatescallme【答案】B【解析】句意：——妈妈，你知道我的同学叫我什么吗？一名工程师。——这很有趣。我猜你经常在学校帮别人修东西。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“Anengineer.”可知，是“叫我什么”，用what。故选B。【2022-南通中考】4.Maryisgoodatwriting.Iamsureshe’llgetagoodplace________shetakespartinthewritingcompetition.A.before B.if C.though D.unless【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽擅长写作。如果她参加写作比赛，我相信她会获得好成绩。

考查连词辨析。before在……以前；if如果；though尽管；unless除非。根据“Iamsureshe’llgetagoodplace...shetakespartinthewritingcompetition.”可知后句是前句的条件，应用if引导条件状语从句，故选B。【2022-扬州中考】3.________astronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe.A.Though B.Till C.When D.Unless【答案】C【解析】句意：当宇航员进行太空行走时，他们会穿着宇航服来保护自己的安全。考查连词辨析。Though虽然；Till直到；When当……时候；Unless除非。根据“astronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe”可知当宇航员太空行走时，他们会穿宇航服，用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。【2022-宿迁中考】6.Yesterday,LinTao’sspeechonhowtobeagoodvolunteerwas________wonderfulthatwecouldn’tstopcheeringforhim.A.so B.very C.too D.quite【答案】A【解析】句意：昨天，林涛关于如何做好志愿者的演讲精彩到让我们忍不住为他欢呼。考查副词辨析。so如此，修饰形容词或副词；very非常；too太；quite相当。根据“wonderfulthatwecouldn’tstopcheeringforhim”可知此处是“so+adj./adv.that...”引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以致于”。故选A。【2022-连云港中考】6.Kitty,thesebooksareheavyforyoucarry.Letmehelpyou.A.as...asB.too...toC.such...thatD.so...hat【答案】B【解析】考查固定句式“too.........to............”,表示“太..........而不能..........”。【2022-无锡中考】9.Youwillnotgetthespecialgift________youfinishallthetasks.A.after B.because C.while D.unless【答案】D【解析】考查条件状语从句的连接词unless,表示“除非”。【2022-泰州中考】4.—Itisimpossibletofinishthedifficulttaskinsuchashorttimeonmyown________bothofusworktogether.—Noproblem.Let’sstart!A.if B.but C.because D.unless【答案】D【解析】考查条件状语从句。unless意思是“除非”。这句话意思是“除非我们一起努力，否则靠我自己一人不可能在这么短的时间内完成这样一个艰难的任务。”☞【模拟训练】一、宾语从句Alicetellyoutogettothestation?shesaidwewouldmeetthereatten.A.howB.whatC.when D.where2.Whenyoustartyournewjourney,youshouldn’tforgetyoucamefrom.A.where B.what C.when D.why3.—Jerry,Ihaven’theardfromCarlforalongtime.Canyoutellme______heisrecently?—Heisbusywithhisdrivingtest.Youmaycommunicatewithhimonthephone.A.how B.which C.why D.when4.——Everyfouryears.howlong B.howsoon C.howmany D.howoften 5.—DoyouknowMetroLine4willbecompleted?—It’salreadybeeninserviceforthreemonths.Andnowit’smucheasierandfastertogoaroundthewholecity.A.how B.when C.where D.what6.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme______?—Infrontofthegateofourschool.A.whattimeshouldwearriveatthepark B.whereshouldwemeet C.whereIcanfindyoutomorrowmorning D.whatweneedtotakewithus 7.—Canyouimaginein100yearsfromnow?—It’llbeunbelievable.A.howwilllifebelike B.howlifewillbelikeC.whatlifewillbelike D.whatwilllifebelike8.Jack’smotherwonders___________________.A.thatthecomputercosthimmuch B.howmuchwillhepayforthecomputerC.ifthecomputerwillcosthimmuch D.howmuchhewouldpayforthecomputer9.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme?—Betterwalkthere.It’sonlyabouttenminutes’walk.A.howfarSuguoSupermarketis B.howfarisSuguoSupermarketC.howcanIgettoSuguoSupermarket D.howIcangettoSuguoSupermarket10.—Iamanewreader.Couldyoutellme_________?—Certainly.Oneweek,andyoucanrenewit.A.howlongcanIkeepthismagazine B.howlongIcankeepthismagazineC.whencanIkeepthismagazine D.whenIcankeepthismagazine11.MyAmericanfriendSamisquiteinterestedinNanjing.Hewonders_______.A.whenwastheConfuciusTemplebuilt B.HowhighisthePurpleMountainC.thatNanjingwasveryrichinancienttimes D.whobuiltDr.SunYat-sen'sMausoleum12.—Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellme?—Inabouthalfanhour,Ithink.Youcanwaitandhaveacupoftea.A.howlongwillMr.Libeback B.howlongMr.LiwillbebackC.howsoonwillMr.Libeback D.howsoonMr.Liwillbeback13.—Excuseme.Canyoutellme______?—Goalongthisstreetandtakethesecondturningontheright.A.whereisLaomendong B.whenLaomendongwasbuiltC.howIcangettoLaomendong D.whichwaycanItaketoLaomendong【答案】CAADBCCCDBDDC二、状语从句1.______Ihavelosteverythinginthisterribleearthquake,Ihavenotlostmylife.A.BecauseB.SoC.AlthoughD.If2.Wedon'tknowtheloveofourparents_______webecomeparentsourselvesoneday.A.untilB.afterC.whenD.since3.Shestoppedtalkinghermothercameintotheroom.A.assoonasB.unlessC.though4.—Ithasbeenmucheasierformetogotowork________sharedbikesappeared.—Buttheyalsocausedplentyofproblems.A.sinceB.beforeC.unlessD.though5.—Thankyoufortellingmesomuchknowledgeaboutnature.—Don’tmentionit.______youhavemorequestions,cometomeanytime.A.IfB.BecauseC.Though6.TheShapeofWaterwasabigwinneratthe90thAcademyAwards,winningfourOscars:BestProductionDesign,BestScore,BestDirectorandBestPicture.A.assoonasB.aswellasC.asmuchasD.asgoodas7.Themanagerofthehotelwaswaitingatthegate______theguestsarrived.A.whileB.whenC.unlessD.after8.Manypeoplelikepandastheyarecute.A.thoughB.ifC.whileD.because9.LittleJackhaslearnedtodolotsofthingsonhisown,______heisonlyfouryearsold.A.ifB.thoughC.forD.since10.MygrandfatherdoesChineseKungFueveryday________heisovereighty.A.sinceB.thoughC.until11.MrBlackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp____weweredoinganexperiment.A.whileB.althoughC.untilD.unless12.Bob,dinnerisready.Pleasewashyourhands________youeat.A.untilB.afterC.whileD.before13.Insummer,foodwillgobadquickly________weputitintoafridge.A.ifB.unlessC.assoonasD.while14.MexicanandTex-MexfoodswerepopularintheUSA,_______nowChinesefoodhasmorefans.A.becauseB.butC.so