2023-2024年广东省深圳市盐田区六年级上册期末英语试卷及答案(沪教牛津版)

2023-2024年广东省深圳市盐田区六年级上册期末英语试卷及答案(沪教牛津版)I.听力(35分)i.听录音，按顺序选出与录音内容相符的图片。(共5小题，每小题1分)A.B.C.D.E.F.1._______2._______3._______4._______5._______ii.听录音，根据问句选择最佳答语。(共5小题，每小题1分)()6.A.It’saboutaniceteacher.B.It’sinthecinema.C.Thefilmisinteresting.()7.A.It’slongandstraight.B.Weuseittomakechairs.C.Wecanplantmoretrees.()8.A.Ihadagoodtime.B.Itwaswonderful.C.IwenttotheGreatWall.()9.A.TheEarthisablueball.B.Ithinkthey’reoceans.C.Itisabiglake.()10.A.Yes.Iwouldliketo.B.Yes.Ihaveanewbag.C.No.Idon’tlikeit.iii.听录音，根据答语选择最佳问句。(共5小题，每小题1分)()11.A.Whereisyourson?B.Didyouseeyourson?C.Issheyourdaughter?()12.A.Whattimeisit?B.Whendoesitopen?C.When’syourbirthday?()13.A.Whatdoesyourmotherlooklike?B.Howisyourmother,Justin?C.Whatdoesyourmotherdo?()14.A.Shallwegototheparkandflykites?B.Whatareyoudoinginthepark?C.Didyougototheparkyesterday?()15.A.Weretheremanypandasinthepast?B.Whatisyourfavouriteanimal?C.Aretheremanyshopsonthestreet?iv.听录音，根据录音所描述的内容选出适当选项。(共5小题，每小题1分)()16.A.treeB.airC.water()17.A.palacesB.carsC.buildings()18.A.ElephantsB.BluewhalesC.Pandas()19.A.homeworkB.jobC.hobby()20.A.healthyB.sickC.asleepv.听录音，根据对话内容，选择最佳答案。(共5小题，每小题1分)()21.WhereareJohnandPetergoingthisweekend?A.Peter’shome.B.Thecinema.C.John’sschool.()22.WhatdidAlicedoyesterday?A.Sheboughtanewcar.B.Shecleanedherroom.C.Shewentshopping.()23.Howmanypandasarethereinthewildnow?A.1000B.18000.C.1800.()24.HowwasBob’ssummerholiday?A.Itwasboring.B.Itwasfunny.C.Itwasgreat.()25.WhatcanwedotosavetheEarth?A.Plantmoretrees.B.Stopusingplasticbags.C.BothAandB.vi.听录音，根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。(共5小题，每小题1分)()26.Whoaremyneighbours?A.TheSmiths.B.MissFang.C.MrLiandhisfamily.()27.HowmanychildrendotheLishave?A.Twochildren.B.Fourchildren.C.Onechildren.()28.WhatdoesCindywanttobeinthefuture?A.DancerB.PolicemanC.Nurse()29.WhydoesJoegetsick?A.Hedidn’tdrinkwater.B.Heistoothin.C.Heateunhealthyfood.()30.WhatdoesMrLidowithJoeeverynight?A.Goesforawalk.B.Eatssomehamburgers.C.Runsinthepark.vii.听录音，根据短文内容，补全所缺的单词或短语。(共5小题，每小题1分)Williamisaprince.Heistalland(31)_________.WilliamisthefirstsonoftheKing.Heusually(32)_________histimeintheKing’spalace.Hethinkshislifeis(33)_________.Oneday.PrinceWilliamisgoingtovisitanother(34)_________.Ontheway,hemetawildtiger.Thetigerwashungryandtriedtokillhim.Williamwasverybrave.He(35)_________abigstoneanddroveawaythetiger.William’slifebecameexciting.判断下列各组划线部分的发音是(T)否(F)相同。1.eatpeachhead（）2.blackcleverclean（）3.drydrinkdriver（）4.thirdbirdpurple（）5.roombookcook（）【答案】1.F2.T3.T4.T5.F【解析】【1题详解】所给单词划线部分的发音分别为[i:]，[i:]，[e]，发音不同，故答案为F。【2题详解】所给单词划线部分的发音均为[k]，发音相同，故答案为T。【3题详解】所给单词划线部分的发音均为[dr]，发音相同，故答案为T。【4题详解】所给单词划线部分的发音均为[ɜː]，发音相同，故答案为T。【5题详解】所给单词划线部分的发音分别为[uː]，[ʊ]，[ʊ]，发音不同，故答案为F。从每小题的三个选的项中选出最佳选项。6.JayChoisa_______singer.Manypeoplelikehissongs.()A.bad B.famous C.funny【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：周杰伦是一位著名的歌手。很多人喜欢他的歌。本题考查形容词辨析。A坏的，B著名的，C有趣的，结合常识，故选B。7.Shanghaiisagreatcity.Itisinthe_______ofChina()A.west B.east C.south【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：上海是一个伟大的城市。它在中国的东部。本题考查名词辨析，A西部，B东部，C南部，根据常识可知上海在中国的东部，故选B。8.Thewindowsare_______.Pleasecleanthewindows,Tina.()A.cold B.fresh C.dirty【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：窗户是脏的。请擦窗户，缇娜。本题考查形容词辨析。A冷的，B新鲜的，C脏的。根据“请擦窗户，缇娜。”可知窗户是脏的，故选C。9.Woodisveryuseful.Wecanuseittomake_______.()A.forest B.trees C.matches【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：木头很有用。我们可以用它来做火柴。本题考查名词辨析。A森林，B树，C火柴，选项C符合题意，故选C。10.—Howmany_______doyouhave?()—Ihaveten.A.fingers B.arms C.hair【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：—你有多少手指？—我有十个。本题考查名词辨析，可数名词及其单复数。A手指，B胳膊，C头发。howmany对可数名词的数量提问，hair是不可数名词，排除C。根据答语“我有十个。”可知问句应该问你有多少手指，故选A。11.Youare18yearsold.Youshouldtakecareof_______.()A.yours B.herself C.yourself【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：你已经18岁了。你应该照顾好自己。本题考查代词辨析。A你的，B她自己，C你自己，选项C符合题意，故选C。12.Youshouldstop_______.It’sbadforyourhealth.()A.smoking B.learning C.sleeping【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：你应该停止吸烟。它对你的健康有害。本题考查动词辨析。A吸烟，B学习，C睡觉。A符合题意，故选A。13.Myfatherisveryhealthy.Heeatsalittle_______.()A.chocolate B.fruit C.fish【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：我爸爸很健康。他吃一点______。本题考查名词辨析。A巧克力，B水果，C鱼，选项A符合题意，故选A。14.MrOwlisnotafriendlyneighbour.Helikes_______.()A.makingnoise B.makingdinner C.catchinginsects【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：Owl先生不是一个友好的邻居。他喜欢制作噪音。本题考查动词短语。A制作噪音，B做晚饭，C抓昆虫。根据“Owl先生不是一个友好的邻居。”可知本题应该是他喜欢制造噪音，故选A。15.Youarelate,Jill.Youmustbeearlier_______.()A.lasttime B.nexttime C.notime【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：你迟到了，吉尔。你下次必须早点。本题考查名词词组，A上次，B下次，C没时间，选项B符合题意，故选B。完形填空。LittleJerry___16___onabusystreet.Thereweremanycarsandpeopleonthestreet.Jerrydidn’tliketoliveonthisplace.Becausehecouldn’tsleepwellatnight.Hisneighbourswerevery___17___.Theytalkedloudlyeverynight.Oneday,Jerrywaswakedbyhisneighbours.Hewassadandangry.Jerry___18___hishometownverymuch.Hishometownisveryquietatnight.Hisneighbourskepttalkingandhecouldn’tbear(忍受)itanymore.Hewenttothe___19___stationandaskedforhelp.Apolicemancameand___20___Jerry’sneighbours.16.A.lived B.worked C.planes17.A.cute B.lovely C.noisy18.A.thought B.hated C.missed19.A.bus B.police C.fire20.A.stopped B.helped C.sent【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.B20.A【解析】【导语】本文讲了杰瑞的邻居很吵。【16题详解】句意：小杰瑞住在一个繁忙的街道上。A居住，B工作，C飞机，根据下文可知小杰瑞住在一个繁忙的街道上，故选A。【17题详解】句意：他的邻居很吵。A可爱的，B可爱的，C吵闹的，根据下句可知这句说邻居很吵，故选C。【18题详解】句意：杰瑞非常想念他的家乡。A认为，B讨厌，C想念，结合下句，可知是想念家乡，故选B。19题详解】句意：他到警察局寻求帮助。根据下文可知去警察局寻求帮助，policestation警察局，故选B。20题详解】句意：一名警察来，阻止了杰瑞的邻居。A(使)停止，B帮助，C发送，结合短文语境，故选A。判断句子是(T)否(F)符合短文内容。TheSummerPalaceisinthewestofBeijing.Itwasanimperialgarden(皇家花园)intheQingDynasty(清朝).Theemperors(皇帝)wouldspenttheirtimeinthisgardenduringthehotsummer.ItisnotveryfarfromthecentreofBeijing.Youcangotherebybusorbytaxi.TheSummerPalaceisverybig.Youcanseemanytouristsinitnow.ThereisalakeintheSummerPalace.ItsnameisKunmingLake.Itisveryfamous.Youcanrowaboatonit.Youcanalsofindhundredsofwonderfulhousesandsmallbeautifulgardensthere.21.TheSummerPalaceisafamousgarden.（）22.TheemperorslikedstayingintheSummerPalaceinwinter.（）23.ThetouristscangettotheSummerPalacebybusnow.（）24.Peoplecan’trowaboatonKunmingLake.（）25.TherearealotofhousesintheSummerPalace.（）【答案】21.T22.F23.T24.F25.T【解析】【导语】本文介绍了颐和园。【21题详解】句意：颐和园是一个著名的花园。根据“TheSummerPalaceisinthewestofBeijing.Itwasanimperialgarden(皇家花园)intheQingDynasty(清朝).”，可知题干与短文相符，故答案为T。【22题详解】句意：皇帝们喜欢在冬天待在颐和园里。根据“Theemperors(皇帝)wouldspenttheirtimeinthisgardenduringthehotsummer.”，可知皇帝们喜欢在夏天待在颐和园里，故答案为F。【23题详解】句意：游客现在可以乘公共汽车去颐和园。根据“Youcangotherebybusorbytaxi.”，可知题干与短文相符，故答案为T。【24题详解】句意：人们不能在昆明湖划船。根据“ItsnameisKunmingLake.Itisveryfamous.Youcanrowaboatonit.”，可知人们能在昆明湖划船，故答案为F。【25题详解】句意：颐和园里有很多房子。根据“Youcanalsofindhundredsofwonderfulhousesandsmallbeautifulgardensthere.”，，可知题干与短文相符，故答案为T。阅读下列短文，从每小题的三个选项中选出最佳选项。MrDanhasanoffice.HeworksintheofficefromMondaytoFriday.Everymorninghehasbreakfastwithhisfamilyat7:30.Hewillreadanewspaper,drinkacupofhottea.Thenhewillleavehishouseat8:00totakeabustowork.Onemorningheisstillsittingatthebreakfasttableandreadinganewspaperat8:05.Heisnotinahurry(赶时间)andevenasksforanothercupoftea.“Anothercupoftea?”hiswifeasks.“Doyouneedtogototheofficetoday?”“Theoffice?”MeDansays.“Oh.IthinkI’mintheofficenow.Ishouldgonow.Imusttakeataxitodayor(否则)Iwillbelate!”26.WheredoesMrDanwork?()A.Athishome. B.Inafactory. C.Inhisoffice.27.WhattimedoesMrDanusuallygotowork?()A.At7:30. B.At8:00. C.At8:05.28.HowmanydaysdoesMrDanworkaweek?()A.Fivedays. B.Sevendays. C.Twodays.29.HowdoesMrDanusuallygotowork?()A.Onfoot B.Bytaxi. C.Bybus.30.Whyisn’tMrDaninahurryat8:05?()A.Heisonholiday. B.Hewantstodrinktea. C.Hethinksheisintheoffice.【答案】26.C27.B28.A29.C30.C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了Dan先生的日常生活以及有一天他误以为自己在办公室，8点05分还在家里喝咖啡，经过妻子的提醒，他才知道要迟到了。【26题详解】句意：Dan现在在哪里工作？A在他的家里，B在一个工厂，C在他的办公室。根据“HeworksintheofficefromMondaytoFriday.”可知他周一到周五在办公室工作，故选C。【27题详解】句意：Dan先生几点去工作？A在7点半，B在8点，C在8点5分。根据“Thenhewillleavehishouseat8:00totakeabustowork.”可知他8点去工作，故选B。【28题详解】句意：Dan先生一周工作多少天？A五天，B七天，C两天。根据“HeworksintheofficefromMondaytoFriday.”可知他一周工作五天，故选A。【29题详解】句意：Dan先生通常怎么去工作？A步行，B坐出租，C坐公共汽车。根据“Thenhewillleavehishouseat8:00totakeabustowork.”可知他通常坐公共汽车去工作，故选C。【30题详解】句意：为什么在8点05分的时候，Dan先生不赶时间？A他在度假。B他想喝茶。C他认为他在办公室。根据“Oh.IthinkI’mintheofficenow.”可知他认为他在办公室，所以不赶时间，故选C。阅读下列短文，从每小题的三个选项中选出最佳选项。DoyouknowHarbin?ItisthecapitalofHeilongjiangProvince.It’sfamousforitscoldwinter.PeopleusuallycallHarbin“IceCity”.Everyyear,lotsoftouristsfromallovertheworldcometoHarbin.TheycometocelebratethefamousHarbinIceandSnowFestival.ThefestivalusuallybeginsinJanuary.Duringthefestival,peoplecanvisitIceandSnowWorld.Itisathemepark.Youcanseemanykindsoficesculptures(冰雕)there.Youcangoskatingandskiing,too.Ifyoulikeiceandsnow.,youwillloveHarbin.Harbinisovereighthundredyearsold.Visitorscanseetraditionalbuildingshere.TheycanseemanyniceEuropean-style(欧洲风格)buildingsinCentralStreet,too.Peoplealsocallthiscity“EasternMoscow’(东方莫斯科).31.WhydopeoplecallHarbin“IceCity”?()A.There’reicesculptures. B.It’sverycoldinwinter. C.Peoplelikeiceandsnow.32.WhendoestheIceandSnowFestivalbegin?()A.January B.December C.February33WhatisIceandSnowWorld?()A.It’sathemepark B.It’safestival. C.It’safamoussculpture.34.Whatcan’tyoudoinHarbininwinter?()A.Goskating. B.Goskiing. C.Goswimming.35.IfyouwanttoseesomeEuropean-stylebuildings.Whereshouldyougo?()A.CentralStreet. B.IceandSnowWorld. C.HarbinAirport.【答案】31.B32.A33.A34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了哈尔滨。【31题详解】句意：为什么人们称哈尔滨是“冰城”？A有冰雕。B在冬天非常冷。C人们喜欢冰和雪。根据“It’sfamousforitscoldwinter.PeopleusuallycallHarbin“IceCity”.”可知哈尔滨因为寒冷的冬天而著名，人们称它为“冰城”。故选B。【32题详解】句意：冰雪节什么时候开始？A一月。B十二月。C二月。根据“ThefestivalusuallybeginsinJanuary.”可知冰雪节在一月开始，故选A。【33题详解】句意：什么是冰雪世界？A它是主题公园。B它是一个节日。C它是一个著名的冰雕。根据“Duringthefestival,peoplecanvisitIceandSnowWorld.Itisathemepark.”可知冰雪世界是一个主题公园，故选A。【34题详解】句意：在冬天，在哈尔滨不能做什么？A滑冰，B滑雪，C游泳。根据“Youcangoskatingandskiing,too.”可知你可以滑雪和滑冰，不能游泳，故选C。【35题详解】句意：如果你想看到一些欧洲风格的建筑物。你应该去哪里？A中心街。B冰雪世界。C哈尔滨机场。根据“TheycanseemanyniceEuropean-style(欧洲风格)buildingsinCentralStreet,too.”可知在中心街上可以看到一些欧洲风格的建筑物，故选A。阅读下列短文，从每小题的三个选项中选出最佳选项。Therearealotofseaanimalsintheworld.Oceansaretheirhome.Herearethreeofthem.Theyaresharks,dolphinsandoctopuses.Let’slearnsomethingaboutthem.MostSharkslookforfoodatnight.Somesharkslikeopeningtheirmouthwhentheyareswimmingthroughthesea.Theywilleatanythingontheirway.Mostsharkshavegoodeyes.Theycanseewellinthedarkseas.Dolphinsareverysmartanimals.Therearemorethanthirtykindsofdolphinsintheworld.Theyareverykindandhelpful.Somepeoplefellintotheseaanddolphinssavedthem.Dolphinsarenotfish.Theyaremammals(哺乳动物)justlikeus.Thisisanoctopus.Itisakindofseaanimal.It’sfamousforitsroundbodyandeightlongarms.Itsarmsareveryuseful.Itcanuseitsarmstocatchothersmallfisheasily.Anoctopushasthreeheartsanditsbloodisblue.36.Wheredoseaanimalslive?()A.Inthelakes. B.Onthemountains. C.Intheoceans37.Whatwillsharksdowhentheyareswimming?()A.Opentheirmouth. B.Eatanythingontheirway. C.BothAandB.38.Howmanykindsofdolphinsarethereintheworld?()A.About130. B.Morethan13. C.Morethan30.39.Whatdooctopusesusetocatchothersmallfish?()A.Theirroundbody. B.Theirarms. C.Theirhearts.40.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?()A.Dolphinsareakindofsmartfish. B.Octopus’bloodisredandblue.C.Mostsharkshavegoodeyesight(视力).【答案】36.C37.C38.C39.B40.C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了几种海洋动物：鲨鱼，海豚和章鱼。【36题详解】句意：海洋动物住在哪里？A在湖里，B在山上，C在海洋里。根据“

Oceansaretheirhome.

”可知大海是海洋动物的家，故选C。【37题详解】句意：当它们游泳的时候，鲨鱼做什么？A张开嘴，B沿途吃任何东西，CA和B都对。根据“Somesharkslikeopeningtheirmouthwhentheyareswimmingthroughthesea.Theywilleatanythingontheirway.

”可知鲨鱼游泳的时候张开嘴，沿途吃东西，故选C。【38题详解】句意：在世界上有多少种海豚？A大约130，B超过13，C30多。根据“Therearemorethanthirtykindsofdolphinsintheworld.”可知世界上有30多种海豚，故选C。【39题详解】句意：章鱼使用什么抓其它的小鱼？A它们的圆身子，B它们的胳膊，C它们的心脏。根据“Itcanuseitsarmstocatchothersmallfisheasily.”可知章鱼可以使用它的胳膊很容易地抓住其它的小鱼。故选B。【40题详解】句意：下面哪个是对的？A海豚是一种小鱼。B章鱼的血是红色和蓝色的。C大部分鲨鱼有好的视力。根据“Mostsharkshavegoodeyes.”可知大部分鲨鱼有好的视力，C正确，故选C。根据所给情景选出适当的答语或问句。41.—DidJillplaytheviolinlastSunday?()—______.Shelikesmusic.A.Sheisgoodatsinging. B.No,shedidn’t. C.Yes,shedid.【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：—Jill上周日拉小提琴了吗？—是的，她拉了。她喜欢音乐。本题考查一般疑问句的答语。A她擅长唱歌。B不，她没有。C是的，她拉了。本题是助动词引导的一般疑问句，用yes或者no回答，排除A，根据“她喜欢音乐。”可知她拉小提琴了，本题是肯定回答，故选C。42.—______()—Isawmanyinterestingrobots.Theycandomanythings.A.Whatdidyouseeatthesciencemuseum? B.Whatcanyouseeinthecountryside?C.Whatdidyouseeattheinsectmuseum?【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：我看到很多有趣的机器人。它们可以做很多事情。本题考查特殊疑问句。A你在科学博物馆看到了什么？B你在农村能看到什么？C你在昆虫博物馆看到了什么？选项A符合题意，故选A。43.—______()—Sure.Wecanplantatreeinit.A.Shallwegoshoppingnow? B.Canyouplanttrees? C.Shallwedigahole?【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：当然。我们可以在里面种一棵树。本题考查一般疑问句。A我们现在去购物好吗？B你会种树吗？C我们挖个洞好吗？选项C符合题意，故选C。44.—WhatfooddoespeoplelikeintheUK?()—______A.Theylikedumplings. B.Theylikefishandchips. C.Theylikesushi.【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：在英国，人们喜欢什么食物？本题考查特殊疑问句的答语和名词辨析。A他们喜欢饺子。B他们喜欢炸鱼薯条。C他们喜欢寿司。根据常识，故选B。45.—Whyarethetreessoimportant?()—______A.Itkeepsballooninthesky. B.Theykeeptheairclean. C.Itmakestheairdirty.【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：为什么树很重要？本题考查特殊疑问句的答语。A它使气球保持在空中。B它们保持空气清洁。C它使空气变脏。选项B符合题意，故选B。从所给出的单词中选出合适的完成对话。Kitty:Alice,whatdoesyourfatherdo?Alice:Heisapoliceman.HeisworkinginAfrica___46___thissummerholiday.Kitty:WhatishedoinginAfrica?Alice:Heis___47___badpeoplethere.Thesebadpeople___48___manywildanimals.Kitty:Whydotheydothat?Thoseanimalsaresopoor.Alice:Theywanttomakemoneybysellinganimals’bodies.Kitty:Yourfatheris___49___.Iwanttolearnfromhim.Iwillprotectanimalsinthefuture.Alice:That’sgreat.What___50___ofjobdoyouwanttodo?Kitty:Iwanttobeawriter.Iwillwritesomebooksandcallpeopletoprotectanimals.Acatching B.killed C.kind D.brave E.during【答案】46.E47.A48.B49.D50.C【解析】【导语】本文讨论了爱丽丝爸爸的工作。【46题详解】句意：这个暑假他在非洲工作。during在……期间，符合句意，故选E。【47题详解】句意：他在那里抓坏人。catching抓住，符合句意，故选A。【48题详解】句意：这些坏人杀死了许多野生动物。killed杀死，符合句意，故选B。【49题详解】句意：你的爸爸很勇敢。brave勇敢的，符合句意，故选D。【50题详解】句意：你想做哪种工作。kind种类，符合句意，故选C。从所给出的句子中选出合适的完成对话。Ann:Jack,wheredidyougothiswinterholiday?Jack:___51___WegottoShanghaibyship.Ann:Byship?Inevertakeaship.HowlongdidittaketogettoShanghaibyship?Jack:Ittookusfivedays.___52___Ann:Thatmustbeexciting.Whatdidyoudo?Jack:Thereisabigshoppingmallontheship.Myparentsspenttheirtimeinthatmall.Ann:___53___Jack:No,Ididn’t.___54___Ann:WhatistheHappyLand?Jack:___55___Childrencanplaymanygamesinthispart.Ann:That’swonderful.Shallwetaketheshiptogethernexttime.Jack:Sure.Itwillbeinteresting!A.IwenttoShanghaiwithmyparents.B.Didyougoshoppingwiththem?C.Itisapartoftheship.D.Wehadagreattimeonthatship.E.IwenttotheHappyLand.【答案】51.A52.D53.B54.E55.C【解析】【导语】本文讲了杰克和父母去上海在船上做的事情。【51题详解】上句问：杰克，今年寒假你去哪里了？可知这句回答地点，选项A“我和父母去了上海。”符合语境，故选A。【52题详解】结合上文，可知这句与船有关，选项D“我们在那艘船上玩得很开心。”符合语境，故选D。【53题详解】下句说：不，我没有。可知这句是一般疑问句，选项B“你和他们一起购物了吗？”符合语境，故选B。【54题详解】下句问：开心乐园是什么？可知这句与开心乐园有关，选项E“我去了开心乐园。”符合语境，故选E。【55题详解】上句问开心乐园是什么，可知这句回答是什么，选项C“它是船的一部分。”符合语境，故选C。选出适当的词语，完成各组对话。A.fallasleepB.ownbagsC.freshairD.modelcarsE.wasborn56.—Whyarethetreessoimportant?—Theycanmake______andkeepusalive.