英沃国际英语-大学英语六级测试卷1

英沃国际英语-大学英语六级测试卷1

(满分46L5)

Part1Writing<30ainutes)满分106.5

Directions:Forthispart,jviiarc夕〃30rinutcstoEtcanasaybycementing(vrthercaark"ffeaveaneverhelpsthenaarhowillnotact".)«/CMcite

c.Xiuspkstoillustrateyom-point.JdushouldtriteatISOg心butnoare290

PartIIIReadinsCoaprehension(40oinutes)

Directions:InThissection,thereisapttssagevtthtenblanks.Youarereouiredtoselectonevordforeachblank/roaafis(ofchoicesgiveninarordtxtn/i

follovingthepoxxtgv.RvttdtheixtxmgcthroughcarefullybeforeBsAingruurchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedIn-aletter.Please«r”，

thewrresmndinnletterforeach〃<*anthe\nsirrSheetvithttsinxUlineihragthecenter,lauKtynotuseanyofthewrdsinzZrEnkaerret/um

cnee.

SectionAQuestions26to35arebasedonthefollovingpassage.

Indossleftandnahtsi&naldifferentthings.26,itisinihewaj-they«8£(4£)theirtails.Andfor(k«s,1ikeiwople.itistheIeft-landsidethat

issinister(凶々的).

AfeuyearsagoGiorgioVailartigaraoftheUniversityofTrtutoandhiscol1eagueestablishedthatdogs«ugtlieirlailtotherightwhentheyseesomethingpleasant,

saidiasHbelovedluannKister.8ndtotheleftdientheyseesnaethinsunpleasant,suet)asanunf»niIi»r<l(aitnantdc«-Wwtl)r.VnllortiKHradidnot&stabl

then1raswhethersuchsignalsare27ioother(k^s.Now.heandtheteanhavedonejustthat.

AstheyreportedmCurrentBiology.tl»eywirediipxeverHldozendogsHndthenshowedthe*videoxofdogxwithtailsVHKgingtoleftorright.Ileft-waggingt&iL

theyfound.ahigher■AXIBIHIheartratetlmanxht-taiuiinstail.ArislitiHRKinxtail.Indeed,producedthesameresulisasoneURIIwasstationary.

Dr.VailortigaraandhiscolleaguesaliioobstervedtheHninalxduringtheexperiwent.29behaviorssuchasear-ilHttening.head-loveringandwhining(玄

T)thotorcM_withstress.Theyfoundthatstressedbehaviorsweremorecumonintlr31ofleftuwinxthwirightw»ojing.

Allthissiegestslateralsj>ecia1izationindogs'brains.Thenervoussignalsforleft-w<iggingandrieln-wagKing32indifferentheaispheres.TIHI!theyare

33_bydilferentaiotionsshowsthntthetwofvilvcsofndogbrainrork.inthis34ntIcnsl.differently.

IhiiwtnbrainsarcsiailariyIntcrulized.HnndctincssisonetMumle.Anotherisl<in£uaj>t.afunctionprniiaioantlyoftheleftlionisplicrc.VIK.,IIKTitisjustaK

thatdogsandpeopleagreeuboutvhidisideissinister,orihcthcrthereissaacthingdeepergoingan.rauinstobedctcmincd.

A.即parentB.associatedC.coincidenceD.connectedE.derived

F.inducedG.instanceII.Bcdnincful1.notinsJ.

originate

LParticularlyL.presenceM.rc«)cctN.Specifically0.

SectionBtri^sered

DoestheInternetMakeYouDuaber

A.TheRomanphiInsopherSenecamyhaveputittest2000yearsago:"Tobeeverywhereistolier*M»ere."Today,theInternetgrantsuseasyaccesstoinprecedent«l

amountsofinfonnatioiiButaRrovinfibodyofscientificevidencesiumeststhatiheNet.inhitscoistantdistractionsandinterruptions,isAlsolumins

usintodisruptedand«Aiperficialtliinkers.

B.Thepictureenprsinisfrcmtheresearchisdeep!yiroubhna.alleasttoanyonewhovaluesthedepth,ratherlimnjustthespeed,ofliimnthcimhl.Peoplevho

readtextstuddedwithlinks,thestudiesshow,coprehetxllessthanthosewhoreadtraditionallineartext.Peopleutx)tatchbusyimiltinediapresefiiations

rcBcmlwrlessthitfithosewhotitkeininforaationinM«K)resedate(til定的)andfocusednanner.Peoplewlioarecnntiniui)lydistrictedtweUHIIS.updatesunci

otherBeNsaiesunderstandlessthanthose■1««reabletoconcentrate.Andpeople■tinjuiule(阿可电旬)sytaAsareoftenlesscreativeandlessjiroduciive

thanthosewhodomethingHtatine.

C.Ibucannonthreadinthesedisnbi1itiesdisiiersinitoiiriittenticxi.Picrichnessofouribuuxhis・ourirMrie5andevenourpcr»nnlitie^hiniccionairol)i1ity

lofocusthenindiindsustainconcentration.OnlyutmwepaycloseattentionioaMpieceofinfonsitionarewabletoassociateit^neimingfullyand

systointicallyrithknowledgeftlrcndywclIc»tabli»hc<iinunwry."untestheNobelprizewinningncuroscicntiM(林仕科学京)EricKandel.Suchnssociutions

arccsyntidltoKisterin^ci-dcxconcepts.

D.Ibcnwcrcc(xistuntlydistractedundintcrmptcd.uswctendtobeoalme.ourbruinsarcunabletogeneralizethestrongandexpansiveneuralconnections

thotgivedepth0nddistinctivenesstoourcontciphtins.»cbccc«cucrcsignolprocessingunits,quicklyshepherdiiwdisjointedbitsofinfon^ticnintoand

thenoutofsliort-tenmeeory.

E.InanarticlepubhsbMinScienceInstyo«r.PntnciaGreenfield,aleadingdnTloprrnUlpsycholoaist.wtcivddozensofstudiosonhowdiffcrcmnedin

lechnologiesinfluenceourcognitiveabilities.Semeofthestudiesindicatedthatcertaincoaputertasks,suchosplayingvideoRMCS.canenhance*visua]

Iitcracyskills**.increasingthespeedat|ict)plccunshifttheirfocusavnigiconsMKIotheriugesonscreens.Otherstudies,hewirver.foundthatsuch

rapidshiftsinfocus,evenifperforoedadeptly.resultinlessrigorousand*ioreautowtic'thinking.

F.Inoneexperi»rnlccjnductedalCornellUniversity,forcxaiiple.Iialfaclassofstudentssasallowedtouseinternel-connectedlaptopsduringalecture.«hile

theotherhadtokeeptheirccopcnersshut.Thosewhobrowsedthewebperforaedmuchwors-eonas»ibs?Qi>enttestofhowwelltheyretainedthelecture*scontent.

Whileit*shardlysurprisingthatWebsurfingwoulddistractstudents,itshouldheHnoteofcautiontoschools(hatarewiringtheirclassrcmsinhopes

ofimprovinglearning.

G.据.Greenfieldconcludedthat*e%'erynediiiidevelopsscoecn(niiliveskillsattheexpenseofolhers".Ourqroviwuseofscreen-basedsedia.siwsaid,has

strengthenedvisual-spaiialintelligence,ahiclicanniprovetheability10dojobsItaiinvolvekeepingtrackoflotsofSHMiltaneoussisals,likeairtraffic

caitrol.ButthatImsbeenacccnimniedby"newweHknexsesinhiglierordercngnitiveprocesses".including-al»tr»ctVTKMIMIlary.mindfulness,reflection.

Inducliveprd>l«solvinu.critical(hinkinR.andIKIKIIVIIion".Berelieawmx.inaword,shallower.

fl.Inanotherexperiment,recentlyconductedatStunfordl/nivcrsity,§CcsaimicaticxibetweenllunsuisandInteractiveMediaLab.HtramofrcMrarchcrsgavevarious

o)«nitivcteststo49peoplewliodoalotofnrditimultittuAin2ond52peoplewhonultitn5kmuchlessfrcowently.Tlicheavymltitnskrrspcrformxlpoorly<n

al!ihetests.Theyveretoreeasilydistracted.IKKIlesscontrolover(heirattention,andveresuchlessabletodistinguishiiiportaminfornatio)froatrivial.

I.TheresearchersweresurprisedIn,theresults.TheyhndexpectedthattheintensiveanItitaskerswouldhavegainedsa«cncntnladvant/igcsIrnaniItheironscreen

iiiKieling.ButtlmlIRIMI'tthecabt.Infncl.theheavytitakersvererftevenRuudntnuliiti&iiutMEvcrythii«distractsthe*/'MidCliffordNas*

theprofessorwhoheadstlicStanfordlab.

J・Itwxildbeonethinsiftheilleffectswentanyossoonos>cturnedoffourcoiputcrsAndionites.Buttheyden*t.Thec<llulftrstructureofthehuonn

brain,scientistshavediscovered,actepcsreadilytothetoolsreusetofind,storeandshareiZenudidn.Bydtfingingourhnbitsof-iM.eachnwtechnoloa1

strongtbonscertainneuralpnthwnysandreftkensothers.ThecellularAlUrnti^riRcontinuetoShupethewny<cthinkeventhen<crenotusinethetdchnolcgy.

K.ThepioneeringneuroscientistMichaelMerzenichbelievesourbrainsarebeiry;"massivelyremodelled*'byoureverintensifyinguseofthewrt>andrelated

ordia.Inthe1970sand1980s.Merzenich.nowaprofessorcwritus(袋小IQ供股校)attheInivcrfiityofCaliforniainSunFrancisco,conductedH(mansseries

ofexperiBcntsonpriimtebrainsthatrevealedhowextensivelynndquicklyneuralcircuitschangeinrespensetoexperience.When,forcxaiple.Mr.Merzenich

rearrangedthenerveina•unkey'shand,tlienervecellsintheanimal'ssenscrycortexquicklyreorganizedthcwselvestocreatealienap-of

thetend.Inacomersationlatelastyear,hesaidth«theprofoundlyworriedshoutth?c<xmitiveconjwequencesoftheconstantdistractionsandinternouons

theinternetloihardsuswith.Thelong-temeffectaithequalityofourintellectiiallives,hessid.couldlx?,deadly".

LMint»esec・tobesacrificinginu)1oursurfingandsearchingisourcapacitytoengageinthequieter,attentiveacdesofthoughttiiatunderpincaiteaplation.

reflectionnndintrospectIThelet)neverencourasesustosl«doan.Itkeetisusinastateofperpetualorntallocantion.itisrevealine.anddistressins.

toccmparethecogniiiveeffectsoftheIniernetwiththoseofanearliermforuariontechnology,iheprintedbook,■hereastheInternetscattersourattention,

theInckfocusesit.Unlikeihescreen,thepageprtnritesccntcnplMtivenxs.

H.Rendinsalwsequenceofpageshelpsusdevelopararekindofnenfaldiscipline.tl»eInnatebiasoftheIIUIKUIbrain.af<ernil.istobedistracied.Our

prcdispoxitimistobea«Hrcofasnuchofihal'sgoingcxiaroundusHXpossible.Ourfast-paccd.reflexiveshiftsinfocuswereoncecrucialtouursurvival.

Theyreducedtheoldsthntnpredatorwouldtnkcusbysurpriseorthn<we'doverlooknraenrbysourceoffood.

N.Toreadabookistopracticeanunnaturalprocessofthoughi.hrequiresustoplaceourseh-esaiuhatT.S.Elioi.inhis|K)eaTourftarteis*,called

-tl»cstillpointoftheturningworld”.IchnvctolorgcorutrcfigthcnthencurnllinksneraiedtocounterourinstinctivedislrRctcdncss.therebj-giiimng

westercontroloverournttciitionraidouraind.

0.Itisthiscontrol,thisacntaldiscipline,»hichwarcatriskollosingas«cspctideveraizrctitm:scanningundskimngonline.Iftheslowprogression

of*>rdsocrossprintedpogosdompedowcrovingtobeinundated^'Bcnwlstivulotion.theInternetindulgesit.Itreturnsustoournativestat«ofdistractedness.

presenlinguswithfarmoredistractionsthanourancestorstvarMtocontendwith.-NicholasCarristheauthor,®ostr«ently,ofTheShallows：

»hnttheInternetIsDoingtoOiirUrnins.

36.RapidshiftsinfocusonscreensresultinnrireMitoaatictutlessstrictthinking.

37.PeopleKrssplessoftextfilledwithhyperlinksthanoftraditionaltext.

38.AccordingtoMs.Greenfield,eruviiiguseofscreen-basednediahasiaprovedourvisual-spatialintelligence.

M.TherichnessofourBHioriesreliesonourabilitytoconcentrate.

10.Unprecedentedcountsofinfomtioncnnlakeourthoughtsscatteredandsuperficial.

•tl.Ihefiweturnoffourcoaputersandcellphones,theilleffectsvi11notdisappear.

42.Ihm«TPareonlineourbrainscannot(ondistinctiveamiprofoundthinkinu.

•13.IhereastheInternetdistractsourattention,thebookconcentratesit.

44.<eb*uirfing«xnjlddtstmctstudentsrattierthani^)ro\-etlieirlenmiiig.

45.AccordinstotheexpenaentntStanfordUniversity.lultitaAers'attentkmwaseasilyscattered.

SectionC

PassAgeOneQuestions46to50webastdonthefollowingpassage.

TherearctoowinycraneIsintheBible,outofti»candoutofplncc.CzineIsprobablyhndlittlewnoroleinthelivesofsn»ccurlyJewishptnarchswho

livedinthefirsthalfofthesecondnillenniiaBC,andyetstoriesabouttheiBentionthesedoncsticatedpackaniaalsnorethan20tiocs.theseanachronisK

(隼”1♦候)arctellingevident。thattheBibleWHKarittenoreditedlongaftertlweventsiniwrratcsandisnotalwaysrcliHblcasv<rifiMl)lchistory.These

camelstories-donottellm«oriesfremthesecondiillennium.*saidNoeuiMizrnhi.onIsraelibiblicalscholar,"butshouldbeviewedasSDcculatiomsfr<n

auuchlaterperiod.*

FourtwoarchaeolocistsatTelAvivUniversity,th?anachronismsveremotivationtodieforcaaelIwiesatananciHiienpperMieltinccampintheAravahValley

inIsrael.BwysoughtevidenceolwhendemesticatedcaielsrerefirstintroducedintothelandofIsraelandthesurraindit%region.ThearciiamIexists.Er«?

BenYosefandLidarSapirHen.usedradiocarboidatingtopinpointtheearliestknowdooesticatedcaaelsinIsraeltothelastthirddecadesofthe

10thcenturyBC-centuriesafterIhepHtrinrchslivedanddecadesafterthekimediaofDavid,accordingtotheBible.SOB?honesindeepersedimiits(沉软物).

theysaid,probablybelongedtowiIdcanelstlrntpeoplehuntedfortheirneat.I»r.Sapir-Hencouldidentifyadoaesiicitedaninalbysignsinlegbonestliatit

lute!carriedheavyIOHCIX.

"TheintrodiKtionofthecaneltoourreiicn«asaveryieponnnieconoaknndsocialdevelofntrn."Dr.BenYosefsaidInatelepinaeintenier."Thecaael

enabledlong-distantetradefwthefirsttime,alltheanytoIndia,nndperfumetradevithArubiii.It'sunlikelythatmulesanddonkeysctuldhavetraveled

acrossthedistancefrotonedesertoasistothenext."

Dr.Mizrahi,nprofessorofHebrewculluresiuliesatTelAvivI'niversitywhoaasnotdirectlyimolvedintheresearch,saidthatli)theseventhceniuryBC

auaclshadbecometidclyauploycdintradenndtnivclinIsraelnndthroughtheMiddleRast.(rc«AfricnnsfarasIndia.TheCAKISmlhicnccoabiblicnlresenrdi

VMSprofound,ilcanfusiiiK.forthathnmrncdtolx-thetiacthatthepalriarchalstorieswereemittedtouritin^andrvtutuallybtoj«epartoftheHdimBible.

"tticshouldbecurcfulnottorushtotheconclusionthatthenewardiacologicalfindingsautoauiticallydenyanyhistoricalvuluc!r(nUicbiblicalstones.,

Pr.Nizrshisaidinonenmil."Rather,theyestablishedthatthesetraditionsrercindeedrcfonwlatcdinrelativelylotcperiodsaftercwielsl»db«nintegrated

intotheNearEasternecoewnicsyslen.ButthisdoesnoteeanthrittheseverylradiiionscannotcaptureetherdetailsthathaveAnolderhistoricalbackground."

16.IhatcanwelearnfromtheanadironismsaboutancientcauelsintheBible?

A.TheBibleaccuratelydepictsearlyJewishiMtrinrchs*lives.

B.Caaelswen?justearlyJewishpatriarchs'iBafination.

C.TheBiblecannotalwaysberewardedasreliablehistory.

D.CaaelswereusedaspackaniulsbyJewishpatriarchs.

47.fliatisthereliableevidencelodistinguishtheremainsofaildcaaelsfraathatofduoesticatedones?

A.Theradiocarbnndating.C.Ihecamels,capficityofbearingload.

B.Theburialdepthofsediaenis.D.Tracecorhecamels'legbones.

48.IhataiKhtbeanobstacleforthedevelopientolancientIsraelites?

A.LackofpackHniauls.C.RisksinthepcrfiBctrudc.

B.Nenrlyi-po55nbicdesert.D.Thecoaplicotcdtraveliwroute.

iO.ihydidpeoplenddumycwiaclstoriestoIheHebrewBible,

A.Caachvtdczrcatcontritxitiunstopeople's1ivei>nttliattiac.

B.Peopleutthattiacvuntedtoconfusethelutcrreaders.

C.Thelkbrc»$hopedtoboostthelon«distancetrodcthroughCMCIS.

D.WritersoftheBiblewantedtransfertheirloveofciimelstolatergeneralions.

50.IhatdidDr.MizrahithinkoftheBible?

A.TheBibleisthehistoryoftliedomesticatedcjacls.

B.So«cpeopletn»pcrwiththeBible.

C.Su«eotherdetailsintlwBiblearealsoworthstudying.

D.TheBibledoesn'thaveanyresearchvalue.

PassaceTroQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollovirutpassase.

IsyourdoctortelIingyouthetruth?Possiblytxn.accordingtoanwsurveyinHealthAffairsofnearly1.900iihysiciansaroundthecountry.

Theresearcliersfoundthat55$ofdoctorssaidthatintliel»<ctyeartheyhadl)eennr)repositiveMbaitapatient*sprngnosix(然断)tlianhixmedicalhistory

rarrnnied.And10%saidiheyhadtoldi»tienissowthim(hatwasn'ttrue.

AboutHthirdoftheM.D.ssHidtheydidnotcc«n)lctclyagreethattheysbuuiddixclusciK'diailerrorstapHticnts.Hi)d4frVsaidtheydidn'tfeeltheneed

todisclosefinnncinlticstodrujeordevicecununnies.

Rejilly?Thestudy's1C«M1author,Dr.Lisalezzoni.amedicineprofessoralftirvanlMedicalSchoolanddirectoroftheUon&mInstituteforHealthPolicyat

UjisNichuscltsGcncrnlHasp)Lnl.wassurprisedtolenmhocdishonestheroollcagwcawere.,SomeofthenunlxirswereInrgcrthaniexpectedtheyai£htIK."she

Vhythewhitelies?Inscaceases,lezxonisaysit»usscH-protexIion.Nearly2VSofthedoctorsadaiItcdthattheydidn'tdiscloseumedicalerrortotbeir

potientsbecausetheywereafraidofbeingsuedformolpractice.

Inothercases,it«ayhavebeenforthepatient,sbenefit.*D.saiglttspareananxioispatientfroahearingabouttheslightlyabnornalresultsofa1曲

test,forcxnaplr.ifithnsnonpnct由thepatient-shenIth.Conversely(相反地).thedoctor・ightoxasgerate*healthremitinhopesof»Mivntingnpnticnt

totakebettercareofhimself.

"Thedoctor-patlentrclHtionstiipisahtauninternetion.andphysiciansarehumantoo.-snyslezzomi.Fieydon'Iwanttoupsettheirpatients,theydon"

timnttheirpatitntstolookunhappyorburstintotears.Buttheyalsoneedtobeprofessiomls.sotheyneedtotellthoseIvesthatifthereisadifficult

truththeyneedtotelltheirtxitimt.(beyneedtofigureoutauayofcunaunicatinetliateffectively."

That'scriticalfordoctorstoappreciate,becauseaswel1-intentionHlastheirliesnaybe.otherstudiescnnsistHillysiiouthatpati«)tspreferthetruth.

andwouldratherheartarshnewsthanrcmnignorantaluxitaterribleoK11)calcondition.Beingfullyinformedisathatpatientsranooj)eandpreparefnr

rfiatevernightoccur.

AsforthefailuretodiscloseuedicHlerrors,lezzoiisaysdoctors'fearofmHlpracticesuitsiwyoltenbeaisDlacKl.Studiessmujesftlwtincasesthere

(iiysiciansareopenabout【heirmistakes,patientsarenorelikelytobeunderstandingandrefrainfroasuing.

So愉川candoctorsIearntobenc)rehonestwiththeirpatlents?MoretrHiningabouthortoccinnunicHteMitlipeopleabouttheirbenlthi»criticalesiK