专题22 8AU6-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）

8AU6-2023年牛津译林版初中英语单元知识点一遍过（江苏专用）过单词短语过单词短语ThescienceteacherencouragestheClass1,Grade8studentstojointheBirdwatchingSociety.(1)joinvt&vi.参加；连接，结合例：Howdidthesetwopartsjointogether?这两部分是如何连接在一起的？【辨析】join;joinin；takepartinjoin指加人某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，还可表示参与某种活动。jointhearmy参军jointheclub加入俱乐部jointheParty入党2）joinin通常指参加某种活动，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动.。表达“与某人一起做某事”则用joinsb.insth./doingsth.3）takepartin指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度,起一定作用,有时与joinin可互换。例：IwillneverforgetthedaywhenI_________theParty.我永远也忘不了人党的那一天。MayI_____________thegame?我可以参加这个比赛吗？Willyou_____________theEnglishevening?同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗？我们应该积极参加学校的活动。Weshould________________schoolactivities.我希望你们大家都参加讨论。Ihopeyou'llall________________thediscussion.【答案】takeanactivepartinjoinin(2)encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事2.broadadj.宽的,宽大的；清楚的，明显的例：Whatabroadstreet!多么宽阔的街道啊！【辨析】broad和wide①用于具体意义表示“宽”时，两者没有区别，可相互代替，但broad侧重于面积的广阔，尤指面积大；wide强调从一边到另一边的距离远。②与数词连用表示“……宽”时，只可用wide,不能用broad。③表示人的肩、背、胸时，只能用broad,不可用wide;但表示眼大、嘴大时，用wide。例：Thewomanistallandbroad.那女人身高体宽。Thegateisn'twideenoughtogetthetruckthrough.大门不够宽,卡车进不去。Ourclassroomis7meters_______.A.widelyB.wide C.broadD.broaden【答案】BZhalongNatureReserveisHeilongjiangProvinceinNorth-eastChina.(P70)Nature意为“大自然，自然界”，其形容词形式为natural，意为“大自然的”。如：anaturereserveinChina中国的一个自然保护区theNaturalHistoryMuseum自然历史博物馆Theareaprovidesfoodandcoverforalotofwildlife.(P70)1)provide作“供给、供应、提供”解时，可跟双宾语。如：Weprovidedthemfoodandshelter.我们给他们提供食物和避难所。Imustprovidefoodandclothesfor/tomyfamily.我必须给我的家庭提供食物和衣服。2)cover的主要用法如下：cover作为名词，意思为“封面，盖子，覆盖物，栖息地”例：Isthatyouonthecover?那个封面人物是你吗？Weprovidefoodandcoverforthepanda.我们为熊猫提供食物和栖息地。cover作动词：表示“覆盖，遮蔽”，常与介词with连用例：Pleasecoverthedeskwiththecloth.请用这块布遮盖桌子。becoveredby被…覆盖；becoveredwith被…覆盖;充满着例：Thegrassiscoveredwithleavesintheearlymorningofautumn.Somepeoplewanttomakethewetlandssmallerinordertohavemorespaceforfarmsandbuildings.一些人想要减少湿地面积，以腾出更多的地方建造农场和房屋。1)inorderto意为“为了……”，表示目的。在用法和意义上与soasto结构类似，但是inorderto结构可以放在句首、句中，而soasto多用于句中。其否定形式直接在to后面加not。扩展：inorderto和soasto在句中表示目的时，可以转化成inorderthat或sothat引导的目的状语从句Weshouldworkhardinordertopasstheexam.=Weshouldworkhardinorderthatwecanpasstheexam.Weshouldworkhardsoastopasstheexam.=Weshouldworkhardsothatwecanpasstheexam.space作名词，意为“空间，太空，空白，间隔”例：Leaveaspaceafterthatword.在那个词之后留下间隔。【拓展】space表示“空间”时，一般不用冠词，其同义词为room,但room还可作“房间”讲，为可数名词。space还可译为“太空”，常见单词有spaceship宇宙飞船，spaceman宇航员。例：Thereisn'tenoughspaceinthisroomfor50desks.这个房间没有足够的空间容纳530张课桌。6.leadtolessandlessspaceforwildlife导致野生生物的空间越来越小(P70)1)makespace/roomfor为…腾出空间eg:Pleasemakespace/roomfortheoldman.请给这个老人让点地方。2)leadtodoingsth导致做某事（lead—led）Leadto导致lessandless+不可数名词；fewerandfewer+可数名词；moreandmore+可数、不可数名词NowthegovernmenthasmadelawstopreventallthesethingsinZhalong.(P70)prevent作动词，意思为“阻止”，常见词组为preventfromdoingsth.解析：prevent...from,keep...from与stop...from这三个短语的意思都是表示“阻止……做……”或“阻止……发生”，而protect...from是表示“保护……不受伤害”。prevent...from和stop...from用在主动语态中时from可以省略，而Keep...from在表示此意时，from不可以省略，否则keep...doing是“使……处于……状态中”的意思，如：Wemustpreventthewaterfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止水被污染。Westoppedhimfromcominghere.我们阻止他来这里。Theheavyrainkeptusfromcomingontime.大雨让我们没能按时到。8.Werecordtheirtypesandchangesintheirnumbers.我们记录它们的种类以及数量的变化。(P70)1)record的用法归纳：record作动词，表示“记录”，如：Weshouldrecordtheeventsofthepast.我们应该把过去的事件记录下来。record作名词，作“记录”讲，如:Hereisarecordofroadaccidents.这是一份交通事故的记录。2)change的用法归纳：change作动词：o...意为“把……变成（换成）……”，如：Wecanchangeiceintowaterbyheatingit.通过加热我们可以把冰变成水。change作名词：=1\*GB3①表示“变化；改变”，多用于可数名词，有时也可用作不可数名词Greatchangeshavetakenplaceheresince1978.自1978年以来这里发生了巨大的变化。=2\*GB3②表示“零钱，找头”，是不可数名词，如：Don’tforgetyourchange.不要忘记你的零钱。Wehopethiswillhelppeopleunderstandtheimportanceofthewetlands.我们希望这将帮助人们明白湿地的重要性。【拓展】importance是不可数名词，beofimportance,意思相当于“beimportant”，在importance之前还可以用great,some,any,much,little等词修饰。如:ofgreatimportance极为主要，oflittle/noimportance“无关紧要”。Themeetingtobeheldnextmonthwillbeofgreatimportance.=Themeetingtobeheldnextmonthwillbeveryimportant.Thematterisoflittleimportancetohim.=Thematterisnotsoimportanttohim.这件事对他不太重要。10.ManybirdsliveinZhalongallyearround,whilesomegothereonlyforashortstay.许多鸟类一整年都生活在扎龙，而一些鸟仅仅在那里做短暂的停留。1)allyearround意思为“一年到头，一整年”例：Kunmingisabeautifulcityallyearround.昆明是一个四季美丽的城市。注：allyearround相当于thewholeyear，alltheyear其类似短语:alldaylong全天，整天；allnightlong整夜；allwinterlong整个冬天2)while意思为“然而”，引导并列句，while前后句子结构相同，句意相反或者相对。例：Lucyistallwhileherbrotherisshort.露西个子高而她弟弟个子矮。【拓展】while作为连词还有“虽然；当……时候”的意思。同时它还可以做名词用，意思是“一会儿;一段时间”。例：Whileheadmitsthatthereareproblems,hedoesn'tagreethattheycannotbesolved.尽管他承认有问题存在，但他不同意它们不可解决。3)stay的用法归纳如下：stay作名词，意为“停留”例：Iwantyoutocomehereandhavealongstay.我希望你来这儿多待几天。stay作动词，意为“停留，继续”例：I’minahurry.Ihavenotimetostay.我很忙。没有时间停留。stayuplate熬夜11.Mostbirdsareactiveinthedaytime,soyoucaneasilywatchthemthere.在白天绝大多数鸟是活跃的，所以你在那里很容易就能看到它们。active作形容词，意思为“活跃的，积极的”，用法归纳如下：用作表语和定语，例：Althoughheisover80,heisstillveryactive.他虽然年过80岁，但他还是很活跃。用于搭配beactivein,意思为“积极参加”，习惯上不用于体育方面例：Heisactiveinpolitics.他积极参加政治活动。inthedaytime意思为“在白天”12.agreevt.&vi.同意；赞成；承认；意见一致【举例】Bothhaveagreedontheneedforthemoney.双方都同意需要那笔钱。【拓展】agreewith表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、现点agree后接动词不定式：agreetodosth.【举例】Theyagreedwithmyidea他们同意我的想法。Hisfatheragreedtolendussomemoney.他的爸爸同意借给我们一些钱。13.advisevt.&vi.建议；劝告；通知；警告【举例】Iadvisehimtobecautious.我劝他要小心谨慎。Iadviseyounottotakeitseriously.我建议你不要把它当回事。【拓展】advisesb.todosth.建议或劝告某人做某事advisedoingsth.建议做某事advice建议；忠告；劝告；通知（为不可数名词）【举例】Theteacheradvisedmeagainstdoingit.老师劝我别干此事。Nowyoucangivehimsomeadvice.现在你可以给他一些忠告。14．Squareadj.平方的；正方形的；正直的n.平方；广场；正方形【举例】Ourschoolfacesthebigsquare.我们学校面向大广场。Milliemarkedasquareontheblackboard.米莉在黑板上画了个正方形。15.applicationn.应用；申请【举例】Didyousenduphisapplication?他的申请你给交上去了吗？Hisapplicationtojointheclubwashonoured.他加人俱乐部的申请获得批准了。【拓展】applicationform申请表，申请书16.formn.形式；形状；形态；方式；表格【举例】Hegaveuseachaformtofillin.他给了我们每人一张要填写的表格。【拓展】fillinaform填表;intheformof以…的形式;【举例】MostofChinasenergyimportsareintheformofcrudeoil.中国大部分能源进口都是以原油的形式。17.birthn.出生；血统;出身；起源【拓展】atbirth出生时givebirthto生产，产生，生孩子【举例】What'syourdateofbirth?你的生日是几月几日？Mr.Greengavebirthtoababygirllastnight.格林夫人昨晚生了一个女孩。18.hobbyn.业余爱好【举例】Hishobbyisplayingtennis.他的爱好是打球。Theyhavemanyhobbies.Whataboutyou?他们有许多业余爱好，你呢？19.Somepeoplewanttomakethewetlandssmallerinordertohavemorespaceforfarmsandbuildings.一些人为了为农田和建筑腾出更多的地方而想使湿地变得更小。【解析】本句中的inordertohave...引导的是目的状语，短语havespacefor意思是“为…腾出地方”。【举例】Theyshoulddosomethingtogetheratweekendssoastostrengthentheirrelationship.为巩固他们的感情，他们应该在周末一起做一些事情。Ifpeoplechangethewetlandstomakespaceforfarms,thebirdswillnothaveenoughspacetolive.如果人们改变湿地，为农田腾出地方，鸟类就没有足够的地方居住。【拓展】1.inorderto/soasto…相当于动词不定式引导的目的状语。2.makespacefor和makeroomfor都是为…腾出空间，其中space和room都是不可数名词。【举例】Whatdoyouwanttomakeroomforinyourlife?你想要你的生活中有什么样的空间？20.Weshouldprotectthewetlandsnotonlybecausetheyarehometomanybirdsandanimalsbutalsobecausetheyareimportanttothehealthofpeopleallovertheworld.我们保护湿地，不仅是因为它们给许多鸟类和动物提供家园，而且湿地对全世界人的健康也很重要。【解析】本句中notonly...butalso…为连词词组，它连接两个由because引导的原因状语从句，意思是“不仅……而且……”。【举例】Mydaughternotonlyplayswellbutshealsosings.我女儿不仅弹奏一手好乐器，而且还会唱歌。NotonlyyoubutalsoIhavetoleave.不只是你，我也得离开。21.Anythingelse?还有其他东西吗？【解析】本句是个省略句，其完整形式是Isthereanythingelse?【举例】Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?(Anythingelsetosay?)你有什么其他事要说吗？Isthereanythingelsehemightlike?(Anythingelsehemightlike?)有什么别的他可能喜欢吗？【拓展】类似这种省略方式的还有：Anyoneelse?Anybodyelse?(还有其他人吗？）【举例】Isthereanyoneelseintheroom?房间里还有其他人吗？22.Youcancallmeon010—55586390ore-mailmeatamy@sunshinetown.com.cn.你可以拨010—55586390给我打电话，或用邮箱地址amy@sunshinetown.com.cn给我发电子邮件。【解析】本句中的“callsb.on/at+电话号码”意为“拨……号码给某人打电话”。其中介词on和at都可用。【举例】Iliveinanewflatnow.Pleasecallmeon010—58743245.我现在住在新家,请打010—58743245这个号码找我。【拓展】如果号码作宾语就不用介词on或at，直接用call+号码。【举例】Iffirebreaksout.，pleasecall119atonce.如果发生火灾，请立刻拨119。过语法过语法动词不定式表目的和动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法动词不定式表目的1.动词不定式作目的状语，就是用不定式表示某一动作或状态的目的。2.为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加inorderto。3.由inorderto引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首。【例题精讲】例1.Ihadtoworkhardtoearnmoney.我不得不努力工作赚钱。例2.Hestayedathometofinishhishomework.他留在家完成作业。例3.Sheisrunningquicklyinordertocatchthetrain.为了赶火车，她正飞快地跑着。例4.Theystartedearlyinordertogetthereintime.=Inordertogetthereintime,theystartedearly.为了及时赶到那里，他们很早就出发了。【巩固练习】用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Ioftengotothemarket________(watch)thebirds.2.Hegavemesomemoney________(buy)books.3.Somepeoplewanttomakethewetlandssmaller________(have)morespaceforfarmsandbuildings.4.Takeanotebookwithyou___________(write)downwhatyousee.5.Theystartedearly_____________(get)thereintime.6._____________(get)thereintime,theystartedearly.【答案】1.towatch2.tobuy3.tohave4.towrite5.toget6.Toget动词不定式作宾语补足语1.我们还可以用动词不定式来说明宾语的情况，此时动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。2.引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,ask,order,get,invite,wish,want,encourage等+sb.todosth.3.+sb.dosth.（不带to）的动词：五看：watch,see,lookat,observe,notice三使：let,make,have二听：listento,hear一感觉：feel4.动词help后面的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to。【例题精讲】例1.Mymumasksmetoplaythepianotwohourseveryday.我妈妈让我每天弹两小时的钢琴。例2.Sheoftenhelpsme(to)dothehousework.她常常帮我做家务。【巩固练习】用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Theteachertoldme_______(clean)theblackboard.2.Iwantyou_______(give)mesomehelp.3.Peopletakecameras_________(take)photosofthebirds.4.Mymotherasksme_____________(nottell)lies.5.Ourteacheradvisesus___________(run)veryday.6.Hisstorymadeallofus______(laugh).【答案】1.toclean 2.togive 3.totake4.nottotell5.torun6.laugh完成句子1.他有时请我吃晚饭。Sometimeshe______________________.2.妈妈叫我每天读英语。Mum______________________everyday.【答案】1.invitedmetohavedinner2.askedmetoreadEnglish单项选择1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked3.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing4.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns5.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear6.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled7.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.C5.D6.B7.A重难点训练重难点训练一、单项选择()1.Thewetland_______foodandshelter_______wildanimals.A.makes;for B.provides;forC.grows;to D.plants;to()2.Taiwanis_______theeastofChinaand_______theeastofFujian.A.in;in B.in;to C.to;on D.to;to()3.Youcancallme_______0512-512345670re-mailme_______amy1234@126.com.A.on;at B.at;on C.by;on D.on;on()4.Todaytheforestsaregettingfewerandfewer.Wemust_______downtoomanytrees.A.keeppeoplefromcutting B.preventpeoplefromcuttingc.stoppeoplecutting D.alltheabove()5.-Whatdoyouthinkofyesterday'sfilm?-It'soneof_______filmsIhaveseen.Ialmostsleptinthecinema.A.themostinteresting B.theleastinterestingC.themostinterested D.thelessinteresting()6.Milliehopes_______somethingforthoserareanimals.A.todo B.morepeopletodoC.morepeoplemustdo D.AandC()7.Ithink_______necessaryforus_______thebirds.A.it;protect B.its;toprotectC.it's;protecting D.it;toprotect()8._______ofthework_______toohardforme,soIcan'tfinishitwithoutanyhelp.A.Sixtypercent;is B.Sixtypercents;arec.Sixtypercents;is D.Sixtypercent;are()9.Theboygetsupveryearly_______catchtheearlybus.A.inorderto B.soasto C.to D.alltheabove()10.Ioftenhearthegirl_______nextdoor.WhenIpassedthedoor,Iheardher_______justnow.sing;singing B.sings;sing C.sing;sings D.singing;sing【答案】1~5BBADB6~10ADADA二、根据首字母或汉语提示写出单词1.TheChinese_______（政府）makessomelawstoprotectrarebirds.2.Hisfatherisworkingfora_______（自然）reserveinJiangsu.3.Therearemanykindsoffruitsatthe_______（市场）．4.-(记录)thestudytimeeverydayisagoodhabitforyou.5.Whocan_______(描述)whatyousawontheInternetjustnow?Pleaseputyourhandsup.6.Hardworkalwaysl_______tosuccess(成功).7.Manyforeignt_______cometovisitZhalongNatureReserveeveryyear.8.Thenatureparkprovidesfoodandc_______forwildanimals.9.Lookcarefullyandyouwillfindsomethings_______inthepicture. 10.Somebirdsflyton_______countriesinsummer.【答案】govemment2.nature3.market4.Recording5.describe6.leads7.tourists8.cover9.special10.northern三、根据汉语提示完成下列各句。1.有些鸟整年待在扎龙，而有些去那儿作短暂停留。SomebirdsliveinZhalong_________________whilesome__________only_______________________.2.这家餐馆给我们提供各种各样美味的食品。Thisrestaurant_______us____________________________deliciousfood.3.清晨是读书的极佳时间，所以，你最好早点起床。Earlymorningis____________________________read,so______________getupearlier.4.盐城自然保护区占地45，000多平方公里，是中国最大的丹顶鹤自然保护区之一。YanchengNatureReserve___________________________________45,000squarekilometresandis__________________________________________red-crownedcranesinChina.5.他不知道学习的重要性，结果，经常考试不及格。Hedoesn’tknow____________________________,_____________________,heoftenfailstheexams.【答案】1.allyearround;gothere;forashortstay2.provides;withmanytypes/kindsoftheperfecttimeto;you'dbetter4.coversanareaofover;oneofthelargestreservesto5.theimportanceofstudy;Asaresult四、单项选择()1.Ithink_______necessaryforusthebirds.A.it;protect B.its;toprotectC.it’s;protecting D.it;toprotect()2.Thewetland_______foodandcover_______thewildanimals.A.provides;for B.makes;forC.grows;to D.plants;to()3.Thanksalotfor_______.A.inviteIandheB.invitinghimandIC.invitinghimandmeD.toinviteme()4.HanHanisoneof_______teenagerwriterstoday,thoughsomeoldwritersdon'tlikehimverymuch.A.morefamous B.mostfamousC.themostfamousD.famous()5.Theywentthere_______inthesummerholidays.A.forashortstay B.toashortstayC.onstay D.instay()6.Zhalongisagreatplace____wildlifebecauseitprovidesfoodandcover_______them.A.for;to B.for;forC.to;to D.to;for()7.Thereserveisanimportant_______areafortherarered-crownedcranes.A.live B.aliveC.living D.life()8.Thenumberofthebirdsthere_______over5,000.A.is B.areC.be D.were()9.Therearetoomanypeopleinthehall.Wedon'thave_______tostandin.A.enoughspace B.enoughspacesC.spacesenough D.manyspace()10.Therewillbe_______spaceforplants,animalsandbirds.A.littleandlittle B.lessandlittleC.littleandless D.lessandless()11.Sheis_______activegirl.Wecanseeherinmanyactivities.A.a B.an C.the D./()12.ThemembersoftheBirdwatchingClubgoto_______thebirdsinZhalongeveryyear.A.kill B.buyC.learn D.study()13.Wildlifewillhave________livingspace.A.fewandfewB.fewerandfewerC.littleandlittleD.lessandless()14.Heisn't_______togotoschool.A.youngenough B.enoughyoungC.oldenough D.enoughold()15.Heateallthefish,_______,hisparentshavenofishtoeat.A.inorderto B.asaresultC.forexample D.moreover【答案】1-5DACCA6-10BCAAD11-15BDDCB五、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Becareful!Thebus_______(come).2.Iwillgo_______(birdwatch).3.Here_______(be)someideas.4.Ioftengothere_______(watch)thebirds.5.Swallows（燕子）_______(have)forked（叉状的）tails.6.Thezookeeper_______(tell)usaboutallthedifferentbirdslastsummercamp.7.Thatisagoodplace_______(walk)thedog.8.Wouldyoulike_______(join)intomorrow'sgames?9.There_______(be)abirdandtwocatsunderthetree.10.Ilikeallofyou_______(ask)mequestionsinclass.【答案】1.iscoming2.birdwatching3.are4.towatch5.have6.told7.towalk8.tojoin9.is10.toask六、完形填空Threesmallfishlivedinthesea.Whentheywereveryyoung,theirparentsdied.Theyhadto1eachotherdayafterday.Finally,theygrewupand2toswimdeeperandfurther.Onemorning,thethreefishwere3toashallow(浅)waterbyabigwave(浪).Asmallboatwastakentheretoo.Itwashardforthefishtogobacktotheseabecausetheboatwasrightinfrontofthem.Thelargestfishrealizedthattheywere4andsaidtheyhadtofindawaytoleavethereasfastaspossible.Thesecondlargestfish5withhiselderbrother,buttheyoungestonedidnot.Hesaidthattherewasmuch6fortheiractivities,sohewouldnotworryatallandstillswamaround7.Atlast,thelargestfishreturnedtothe8byjumpingoverthelowestpartoftheboat.Thesecondlargestfishalsosucceededin9hiselderbrotherintheothersideofwater.Buttheyoungestonedidn'tfollowthemandstillswamjoyfully,Twohourslater,whenthe10roseup,thewater