考博英语模拟试卷250

考博英语模拟试卷250

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Notcontenttoalonginignoranceandonherown,Pattybeganreading

everythingshecouldgetandimmediatelysetouttodevelopanetworkofgardening

colleagues.

A^fumble

B>mumble

C、rumble

D、tumble

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、Earlwasbalancinghimselfontopofthefencewhenhelosthisandfelloff.

A、equilibrium

equivalence

C、equivalent

D、equation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：空格意思是：他失去平衡跌落了下来。各项的意思是：cquilibriurn”

平衡，平静，均衡"；equivalence“同等。［化］等价，等值"；equivalenT嗓价物，相

等物”；equation"相等，平衡,综合体”。

3、Nobudyknewhowlitcameupwith(hisideaaboutthetrip.

A、weary

twilight

C、unanimous

D、weird

标准答案：D

知识点解析：weird怪异的，weary疲倦的，twilight模糊的，unanimous意见一•致

的。

4、ProfessorJeffrey^lectureontherecyclingofwastepaperandothergarbagewill

showcanstillbeimproved.

A、thatthemunicipalauthoritieshavedone

B、howthosethemunicipalauthoritieshavedone

C>howwhatthemunicipalauthoritieshavedone

D、thathowthemunicipalauthoritieshavedone

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、Thenewspapersinmyhometowndon'thaveasmanypagesastheyhere.

A、are

B、do

C^have

D、canhe

标准答案：C

知识点解析：句意是：我家乡的报纸不像这里的报纸，有很多页。题干中比较的是

“pages”。后面省略了该词，在主语ihey和宾语pages间缺少一个谓语动词，前后

比较可知，这里的动词应是“have"。故正确答案为C。

6、Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanis

normal,chasingothersandfightingeachother.

A、hardlyactive

B、relativelyactive

C、extremelyinactive

D、pathologicallyactive

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、Mymotherlikestohaveherhair.

A、cured

B>carved

C、circled

D、curled

标准答案：D

知识点解析：句意：我妈妈喜欢把头发弄卷。curl弄卷，卷曲。cure治愈。carve

刻，雕刻。circle围绕,环行。

8、You'llfindthatthecommunityhasgreatchangessinceyouwereherelast

time.

A、submitted

B、sustained

C、perceived

D、undergone

标准答案；D

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、"Youareveryselfish.It'shightimeyouthatyouarenotthemostimportant

personintheworld,'*Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.

A、realized

B>haverealized

C^realize

D^shouldrealize

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该题为“Il'shightimethat...”结构，从句中的动词使用过去时表示虚拟

语气,故A项正确。类似的结构还有"It'stimethat…"和"It'sabouttimethat...”等。

10、Thefreshmenwillbenolifiedregardingthecollegeplacementexamination.

A^condoned

B>informed

C^emulated

D^deformed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、Theemphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitionin

schools.

A、negligent

R、edible

C、fabulous

D、disproportionate

标准答案：D

知识点解析:disproportionate不成比例的，太多的；negligent疏忽的，粗心大意

的；edible可食用的；fabulous惊人的，大量的。

12、COIN:DENOMINATION

A、book:title

B、officer:rank

C、tree:wood

D、doctor:nurse

标准答案：B

知识点解析:COIN：DENOMINATION硬币:面额;officer：rank官员：级别;

book：title书:标题；tree：wood树:木材；doctor：nurse医生:护士。

13、Usingextremelydifferentdecoratingschemesinadjoiningroomsmayresult

inandlackofunityinstyle.

A、conflict

B、confrontation

C、disturbance

D、disharmony

标准答案：D

知识点解析：各项的意思是:conflict"冲突”；confrontation”对抗"；disturbance”干

扰"。disharmony"不协调"。

14>theheattoasimmerandcontinuetocookforanother8-10minutesoruntil

mostofthewaterhasevaporated.

A、Turnoff

Turnover

CNTurndown

D、Turnup

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从所给信息可知，有空白处的前半句意思是“把火拧小到煨炖饭菜的

那个点(toasimmer)”。因此，应该选择rumdown,意为“关小”。turnoff意为“关

掉“；turnover意为“翻转”；turn如意为“开大”。

15、Youwerebyyourabsenceyesterday.

A、merciful

B、conscientious

C、conspicuous

D、impartial

标准答案：C

知识点解析：conspicuous明显的，引人注目的。句意：你昨天缺席格外引人注

目。merciful仁慈的；consciemious认真的；impartial公正的，无偏见的。

16、DianamadealotofefforttopersuadeherparentsintotohergoingtotheUnited

StatestostudybusinessadministrationinMIT.

A、contending

B、contesting"

C>contenting

D、consenting

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的空格处是说同意她去美国学习。短语consentto意思是“同

意“；contend意思是“斗争,竞争，主张“；contest意思是“争论,争辩,竞赛”;

content意思是“使满足”。四个选项中只有D项符合题意。

17、Thedoctorwasaskedtogobacktothehospitalbecauseofcase.

A、anoperation

B、anemergency

C、atreatment

D、anincident

标准答案：B

知识点解析：anemergencycase意为“急症病例”，emergency作“紧急情况，突发事

件''讲，如：Thisfireextin-guisheristobeusedonlyineaseofemergency.这只灭火

器只在紧急情况卜使用。A.operation意为”操作,手术”，如:Theoperationofa

bignewmachinecanbehardtolearn.学会操作一台新的大机器可能会很不容易。

C.treatment作“待遇，处理，治疗”讲，如：Oneofthebesttreatmcntsforacoldisa

drinkofhotwhisky.喝杯热威士忌是治疗感冒的最好办法之一。D.incidenl意为

“事件，事变”，如：Thisisanordinaryincidenl.这是件普通的小事。

18>Sheisunconsciousnow,butmayatintervals.

A、wakeup

B、comeover

C、cometo

D、beawakened

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、Toomuchcanpossiblyleadtounhappiness.eventothoughtsofsuicideasfew

peoplehavethecouragetoanalyzethemselvesobjectivelyandminutely.

A、retrospect

B、introspection

Cxperspicacity

D、perspicuity

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句的意志为“过多的反省有可能带来不开心，甚至想到自杀。因为

很少有人有勇气来客观地、仔细地分析自己”。introspection意为“内省，反省”；

refrospect意为“回顾”；perspicacity意为“敏锐”；perspicuity意为“明白”。只有B项

符合团意。

20、Shewasonceabeautifulmodelbuttheyearshadherfeatures.

A、injected

B、diverted

Cswithered

D、spotted

标准答案：C

知识点解析：wither意为“使调谢，使消亡”，符合题意。inject注射，注入；diver

转移，转向，使高兴；spot玷污，弄脏，侦察。句意：她曾经是个漂亮的模特，但

岁月已经消蚀了她的外貌。

21、Wehadalotofgoodapplicantsforthejob,butThomasTaylorfromtherest

byhavingadegreeinmarketing.

A、singledout

B、checkedOut

C、stoodaside

D、stoodont

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

22>Amostargumentaboutwhoshouldgoandfetchthebreadfromthekitchen

wasgoingonwhenIcamein.

A、trivial

B、delicate

CNminor

D、miniature

标准答案：A

知识点解析：Irivial不重要的，琐碎的；delicate纤细的，脆弱的；minor较小的，

次要的，少数的，如：aminoralteration/flaw；miniature微型的，小的（主要指规

格、大小等方面）。句意：当我走进去的时候，他们正在为谁应该到厨房拿面包这

么琐碎的小事争吵。

23、Accordingtothelawofthatcountry,theParliamentwillhavetobebefore

theGeneralElection.

A^decomposed

dispersed

C^dissolved

D^disintegrated

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、Gainingacknowledgementfromfellowworkersandmanagersgivesapersona

senseofimportanceinsociety.

A、admittance

B、permission

C、recognition

D、denial

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、Theyappliedforaof40,000tobuyahouse.

A、module

B>momentum

C、monopoly

D、mortgage

标准答案：D

知识点解析：mortgage抵押借款;module模块;momentum势头;动量;monopoly

垄断。句意：他申请了4万元抵押贷款来买房。

26、TheEuropeanCommissionissuedadecisiononOct.29permittingan

alliancebetweenUnitedAirlines,DeutscheLufthansaandScandinavianAirlinesSystem

thatallowsthemtocoordinateprices,schedulesandroutesinthetransatlanticmarket.It

turnedouttobewellreceived.

A^automatic

B、landmark

C、obsolete

D^outgrown

标准答案：B

知汉点解析：B项“landmark地标，里程碑''符合题意，如：alandmarkcoun

ruling（作为判例的法庭裁定）。其他三项“A项automatic自动的；C项obsolete过时

的；D项outgrown长大（或发展）得使不再适用”都不正确。本题空格处是说欧

洲委员会发布了一项深具意义的决议。因此B项为正确答案。

27Yourlefthemispherecontrolstheright-handsideofyourbody.

A、agile

B、cerebral

C、maniac

D、overhearing

标准答案：B

知识点解析：句子大意是“人的左脑控制人体右侧的活动cerebral”脑的，大脑

的“；agile“敏捷的，轻快的，灵活的“；maniac"发狂的，癫狂的，疯狂的“；over-

beating”傲慢的，专横的“。根据题意B项为正确答案。

28、Headdedatohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

A、presidency

B、prestige

C、postscript

D、preliminary

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、Astrongsupportfromthelocalauthorityistothesuccessoftheproject.

A、indifferent

B、indispensable

C、inconsistent

D、incredible

标准答案：B

知识点解析：（indispensable不可缺少的）。句意为；当地行政部门的大力支持对这

项工程的成功来说是必不可少的。A.indifferent漠不关心的；C.inconsistent不一

致的；D.incredible难以置信的。

30、Thecarinfrontsuddenlyatthetrafficlight.

A^pulledin

B、pulledinto

C、pulledup

D、pulledthrough

标准答案：C-

知识点解析：pulledin进站，靠岸。pulledup拔起，停下，阻止。pulledthrough®

过难关，恢复健康。

二、阅读理解（本题共135题，每题1.0分，共135

分。）

Thediscoveryoftheobesitygeneinhumanshalfadecadeagoofferedevidencethat

chronicweightgainistheconsequenceofamismatchbetweennatureandnurture.

Simplisticexplanations,suchasblamingobesityonadropinfatconsumption,ignore

scientificreality.Onewell-knownreasonforthisisthatdietaryfatconvertstobodyfat

moreefficientlythandocsproteinorcarbohydrate,butrecentlyscientistshaveuncovered

whatappearstobeanequallyimportantfactor.Someresearchersinuniversitiesare

investigatingthepossibilitythathighlevelsoffatandfructose（果糖）aremuckingupour

brainchemistry,andtherebymutingthesignalsthatwouldnormallytellustoputdown

thefork.Thesesignalsarcproducedbypeptides（缩氨酸）,whicharcregulatedbya

numberofhormones.Undernormalconditionsthesehormoneshelpmaintainastable

bodyweightbyadjustinglevelsofthepeptidesthatcontroleating.Butadietloadedwith

fatandfructosehamperstheregulationofthesehormones.Complicatingmattersstill

furtheristhatthebrainlosesitsabilitytorespondtothesehormonesasbodyfat

increases—sotheobesearedoublypenalized.Otherresearchersarefindingevidencethat

constantexposuretofatandsugarcancausesomehumanstocravethemastheydoan

addictivedrug.APrincetonUniversitypsychologistrecentlyshowedthatratsfedahigh

sugardietwere,whenthesugarwasremoved,thrownintoastateofanxietysimilarto

thatseeninwithdrawalfrommorphineornicotine.SarahLeibowitz,ancurobiologist,

believesthatfrequentexposuretofattyfoodsmayconfigurethebraintocravestillmore

fat.Shehasshowninanimalstudiesthatgalanin,abrainpeptidethatsimulateseating

behavioranddecreasesenergyexpenditure,increasesv/hentheanimaleatsahigh-fat

diet.TherearemanyfactorscontributingtotheexplosionofobesityintheUnitedStates,

andtheworld,buttheradicalchangesinthecompositionofourdietarefirstamong

them.Whilescientificworkinthisarenaisinitsinfancy,it'salreadyclearthatvarying

theamountoffatandothernutrientsinthedietaffectsbrainchemistrybyactivating

certaingenes,andthisinturndirectsourdietarypreferences.（365words）

31、Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从第二段第二句开始介绍导致肥胖原因的新发现，所以我们认为B

合适。

32、WhichisNOTthenewestdiscovery?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：参考第二段第一句：含脂肪的食物比蛋白质和碳水化合物更容易转化

成为身体的脂肪，这是人们早已知晓的道理，故选A。

33Whichisthemaincauseofobesityaccordingtothepassage?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由于A、R和D文章中没有提到，所以C对。

34、"Initsinfancy"(Line3,Para.4)means.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：inilsinfancy是“处于初级阶段”之意。

35、WhatcanNOTbeinferredfromthewholepassage?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从文章最后一段第一句可以看出，该文讲述的是导致肥胖的原因很

多，例如吃肥肉和糖，但作者没有建议永远不沾肥肉和糖。

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight'ssleepwilldoyoumoregoodthanporingover

textbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioral

psychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguish

betweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthat

sleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformed

duringtheday,butthen"edited"alnight,toflushawaywhatissuperlluous.Totellthe

difference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.But

afteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityin

BelgiumhasmanagedtodoitTheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupis

interestedinisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heart

rateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasif

watchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthis

periodofdeepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleasthey

practicedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetask

requiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninone

ofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whatthey

didnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern—what

isreferredtoas"artificialgrammar".Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthat

theylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnotWhatismore,

thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the"grammar",aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushing

thebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The"editing"theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethe

numberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubts

thattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponse

timeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.Theteam,

therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarcreinforced

throughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherent

structureinthematerialbeinglearntSonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,maths

studentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextday

arethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

36、Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyarcdividedwithregardto

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题干问：“行为心理学的研究者对于什么有不同的观点?”文中第1自

然段提到他们对为什么睡眠对记忆有好处持有不同的观点，因此C”为什么睡眠对

记忆有很大的好处”为正确选项。而选项A“梦是如何在其过程中得到改变的“，选

项B“睡眠和苏醒的区别”和选项D“好睡眠的功能”均不是他们分歧的观点。

37、Asmanifestedintheexperimentalstudy,rapideyemovementischaracterized

by

标准答案：A

知识点解析：题干问：“如实验室研究中所表明，快眼运动的特征是……正确选

项为A"急剧活跃的脑电图”，此题可以定位在第2自然段，且在第3、4段又再次

说明。选项D”被研究者很快的反应速度”，选项C“复杂的记忆模式”和选项D“前

一天事件的重现''都不是快眼运动的主要特征。

38、Byreferringtotheartificialgrammar,theauthorintendstoshow

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题干问：“作者谈到，人工语法l目的是为了说明……正确选项为

B”所学到的内在模式”，此题定位于原文的第3段，且在原文的第5段作者以学数

学的学生为例说明，如果睡得好，大脑会发现一种内在的某种学习材料的模式。选

项A”研究的重要性”，选项C“和灯泡的相似”和选项D“睡眠的重要性”都不是作者

说到“人工语法”所要谈论的目的。

WhenIwasachildinSundayschool,Iwouldasksearchingquestionslike"Angelscan

flyupinheaven,buthowdocloudsholduppianos?'tandgetthesamepuzzlingresponse

abouthowthatwasnotimportant,whatwasimportantwasthatJesusdiedforoursins

andifweacceptedhimasoursavior,whenwedied,wewouldgotoheaven,wherewe'd

geteverythingwewanted.Somechildreninmyclasswonderedwhyanyonewouldhang

onacrosswithnailsstuckthroughhishandstohelpanyoneelse;IwonderedhowSanta

ClausknewwhatIwantedforChristmas,eventhoughIneverwrotehimaletter.Maybe

liehadatapeICCOIdcihiddenincvciycliimiicyinthewoiId.Thislilcial-miiidcdiicsslias

stuckwithme;oneresultofitisthatIamunabletobelieveinGod.Mostoftheother

atheistsIknowseemtofeelfreedorproudoftheirunbelief,asiftheyhavecleverly

refusedtobesoldsnakeoil.Myhusband,whowasrearedinadevoutCatholicfamily,

hasservedasanaltarboy.Sootherthanbaptizingoursontoreassureourfamilies,we've

skatedovertheissueoffaith.Somepeoplebelievefaithisagift;it'sachoice,amatterof

spiritualdiscipline.Ihaveafriendwhowasrearedtobelieve,andhedoes.Buthisfaith

haswavered.Hehasstruggledtohangontoitandtopassitalongtohischildren.Another

friendofminenevergoestochurchbecauseshe'sasinglemotherwhodoesn'thavethe

gasmoney.Butsheoncetoldmeadaywhenshewaswashingorangesasthesun

streamedontothem.Asshepeeledone,thesmellroseioherface,andshefeltshe

receivedtheHolySpirit,"Hesankintomybones,"sherecounted."Iliftedmypalms

upward,feelingfilledwithlove."Beingnotheologian,andnotevenabeliever,Iamnot

inapositiontoofferuptheories,butmineisthis:peop'ewhoreceivefaithdirectly,asa

spontaneouscombustionofthesoul,havefewerquestions.Theyhavebeensparkedwith

afaiththatismoreunshakablethanthatofthosewhohavebeentaught.

39、Fromthefirstparagraphofthepassageweknowthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第1段提到作者小时候经常提出种种问题，并对很多事感到迷

惑，由此可知B“作者过去常常对很多事情感到困惑不解”符合文意。文章第2段提

到作者的丈夫，可知A项不正确；C文中未提及；D文中只提及作者猜想圣诞老人

可能在每家都放置了一个录音机，并不能判断出录音机的使用很普遍。

40Theword"his"in"acrosswithnailsstuckthroughhishands"(Line6,Para.1)refers

to.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第1段第2句中提到，“我的班上的一些孩子们想知道为什么悬

挂在十字架上的那个钉子穿过其手掌的人会帮助其他任何人。”从而判断出这里指

的是耶稣双手被钉在十字架上受难的情况，所以选A。其他三项都与文意不符。

41、Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第2段最后一句提到，“因此，除了给我们的儿子施洗礼来使我

们的家人安心外，我们已将信仰问题一带而过。''由此可推知大多数美国家庭都会

给刚出生的婴儿洗礼，所以选C。

42、Inthethirdparagraphtheauthorusestheexampleofthesinglemothertoindicate

thatfaith.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第3段中作者提到的信仰对有些人来说是一种礼物，对另一些人

来说是一种选择；而在举出这位单身母亲的例子时，提到她突然感到了圣灵，并感

到上帝沁入她的骨髓，这说明信仰是一种自发的冲动，囚此选D。

43、Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：纵观全文，作者通过提及小时候的经历，成年后家中的情况以及身边

朋友的情况来对信仰这个问题作了阐述，并在最后提到了自己的观点。由此可知A

正确。B只是文章第1段提到的一个细节；C不全面，作者在文中也谈到了无神论

者；D与文章内容无关,

Sometimesopponentsofcapitalpunishmenthorrifywithtalesoflingeringdeathonthe

gallows,offaultyelectricchairs,orofagonyinthegaschamber.Partlyinresponseto

suchprotests,severalstatessuchasNorthCarolinaandTexasswitchedtoexecutionby

lethalinjection.Thecondemnedpersonisputtodeathpainlessly,withoutropes,voltage,

bullets,orgas.Didthisanswertheobjectionsofdeathpenaltyopponents?Ofcoursenot.

OnJune22,1984,TheNewYorkTimespublishedaneditorialthatsarcasticallyattacked

thenew"hygienic'rmethodofdeathbyinjection,andstatedthat"executioncanneverbe

madehumanethroughscience."Soit'snotthemethodthatreallytroublesopponents.ICs

thedeathitselftheyconsiderbarbaric.Admittedly,capitalpunishmentisnotapleasant

topic.However,onedoesnothavetolikethedeathpenaltyinordertosupportitany

morethanonemustlikeradicalsurgery,radiation,orchemotherapyinordertofind

necessarytheseattemptsatcuringcancer.Ultimatelywemaylearnhowtocurecancer

withasimplepill.Unfortunately,thatdayhasnotyetarrived.Todaywearcfacedwith

thechoiceoflettingthecancerspreadortryingtocureitwiththemethodsavailable,

methodsthatonedaywillalmostcertainlybeconsideredbarbaric.Buttogiveupanddo

nothingwouldbefarmorebarbaricandwouldcertainlydelaythediscoveryofan

eventualcure.Wemaynotlikethedeathpenalty,butitmustbeavailabletopunish

crimesofcold-bloodedmurder,easesinwhichanyotherformofpunishmentwouldbe

inadequateand,therefore,unjust.Ifwecreateasocietyinwhichinjusticeisnottolerated,

incidentsofmurder—themostflagrantformofinjustice—willdiminish.

44、HowdidTexasrespondtotheprotestsmentionedinParagraph1?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、Itcanbesafelyinfenedthattheauthor.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

47>Theauthor'sanalogybetweencancerandmurderismadeinordertoshow.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

48、Whichofthefollowingstandsfortheauthor'sattitude?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

49、Whattypeofwritingismostlyadoptedinthispassage?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocold

cash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetween

actionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkand

school.Cognitiveresearchers,whostudy;variousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthat

rewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfrom

others.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthe

carefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,

suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoa

studyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology."Ifkidsknowthey're

workingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemost

creativity,"saysRobertEisenhergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark,"Butit's

easytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuch

anticipationforrewards.11Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwho

handsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,

Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajor

universitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearliergrades,the

useofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsand

receiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffort

andcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

50>Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

51、Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents'creativityaccordingtoRobert

Eisenberger?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

52>Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesarctryingtotightentheir

gradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

53、Thephrase"tokeneconomies"(LineI,Para.3)probablyrefersto.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

MargheritaisaLondongirlandarrivingatCapitalwaslikecominghome."Igrewup

listeningtoCapitalRadio,"shesays."Peoplesay,'Wasn'titfrighteningjoiningsuch

well-knownpresenters?'Buteveryonehereissodowntoearth.Itwouldbeoff-puttingif

theothershadpeopledoingtheirmake-up,orstarsignsontheirofficedoors.Butthere's

noneofthat-MickBrown,forinstance,finisheshisshowandwandersofftogetthebus

homewitheveryoneelse/'Margheritasaysthatherownmusicaltastesvaried.Butshe

doesn'tpickherownmusicforhershows.TheCapitalcomputerselectstherecordsin

advancefromalistapprovedbythestationmanagers."Thestationhasacertain

sound,andifweallpickedourownmusic,itwouldn'tsoundlikeCapital,'1shesays.

"Butfbrsomeonewholikesmusic,thisisadreamjob.Igettogotoconcertsandmeetthe

bandsyoucanhearonmyshow.It'sgreattohearthe'behindthescenes*gossip."Most

peoplewouldexpectthatapresenter'smostimportantqualitiesareanicevoiceandhuge

amountsofconfidence,butMarghertitasaythatbasicmathsishandyaswell."Youhave

tomakesurethatyou'vegotaneyeoneverythingthat'sgoingoninthestudio,butyou've

gottobeabletoaddandsubtractandthinkinminutesandseconds,"shesays.nYou're

dealingwithtimedrecords,andwithannouncementsandcommercialsthatarealsotimed

precisely,andyouhavetobereadytoswitchtothenewsatexactlytherightsecond.If

you'regoingovertoaliveevent,youneedtobeready,forthatontime,notasecondearlier

orlater."Thisisn'tthesortofgirltolettherock"n"rolllifestylegotoherhead.Evenif

shedidherfamilywouldbringherdowntoearth."WhenIstartedatCapitaltheonly

thingmybrothersaskedwaswhetherthey'dgetfreerecords,"sheremembers."Andmy

mumcouldn'tevenfindthestationonherradio."MargheritaTaylorisveryniceandvery

easy-going,butverymuchincontrol.Sheissomucha"CapitalRadiogirl"thatyou

mightthinksheisjustdoingagoodjobforthestation'spublicity,depart-menl,although

youknowwhatshe'ssayingreallycomesfromtheheart.Shesmilesalot,laughsalotand

isgenerallyagreatadvertforCapital.

54Whatdocs"that"(Para.1.sentence6)referto?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题四个选项中只有C项正确。因从第一段的内容可以推出，这里

的“that”指的是其他节目主持人的妄自尊大的行为。

55、OnepointMargheritamakesaboutherjobisthat.

标准答案：D

知设点解析：本题四个选项中只有D项正确。这可以从文中第二段的“Butfor

someonewholikesmusic,thisisadreamjob.Igettogotoconcertsandmeetthe

bandsyoucanhearonmyshow.It'sgreattohearthe'behindthescenes'gossip.“推

出。

56、WhaldoesMargheritasayaboutpresentingashow?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题四个选项中只有B项正确。这从第三段的内容可以看出，主持

一次节目比Margherita原来所想的要复杂。

57>HowhaveMargherita^familyreactedtohersuccess?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题四个选项中只有D项正确。这从第四段内容可以看出，

Margherita的家人对她的成功并不兴奋。

58>Inthefinalparagraph,whatdoestheauthorsayaboutMargherita?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题四个选项中只有A项正确。这从最后一段内容可以看出，作者

认为Margherita和她所想的不同。

Theworld'spopulationcontinuestogrow.Therenowarcabout4billionofusonearth.

Thatcouldreach6billionbytheendofthecenturyand11billioninanother75years.

Expertslonghavebeenconcernedaboutsuchgrowth.Wherewillwefindthefood,

water,jobs,houses,schoolsandhealthcareforallthesepeople?Amajornewstudy

showsthatthesituationmaybechanging.Alargeandrapiddropintheworld'sbirthrate

hastakenplaceduringthepast10years.Familiesgenerallyaresmallernowthanthey

wereafewyearsago.Itishappeninginbothdevelopingandindustrialnations.

Researcherssaidtheyfoundanumberofreasonsforthis.Moremenandwomenare

waitinglongertogetmarriedandarcusingbirthcontroldevicesandmethodstoprevent

ordelaypregnancy.Morewomenaregoingtoschoolorworkingatjobsawayfromiheir

homesinsteadofhavingchildren.Andmoregovernments,especiallyindeveloping

nations,nowsupportfamilyplanningprogramstoreducepopulationgrowth.Chinais

oneofthenationsthathasmadegreatprogressinreducingitspopulationgrowth.China

hasalreadycutitsrateofpopulationgrowthbyaboutonehalfsince1970.Chinanow

urgeseachfamilytohavenomorethanonechild.Andithopestoreachzeropopulation

growth,thenumberofbirthsc-qualingthenumberofdeaths,bytheyear2000.Several

nationsinEuropealreadyhavefewerbirthsthandeaths.Expertssaidthatthesenations

couldfaceaseriousshortageofworkersinthefuture.Andthepersonswhoareworking

couldfacemuchhighertaxestohelpsupportthegrowingnumberofretiredpeople.

59>InParagraphOne,thesentence"Expertslonghavebeenconcernedaboutsuch

growth",thephrase"concernedabout"issimilarinmeaningto.

标准答案：A

知识点解析:选项worriedabout表示“担心”；B选项relatedto表示“有联系”;C选

项engagedin意思为"参与”;D选项madeastudyof意思为“做调查因此A为正

确答案。

60、"Familyplanningprograms"means.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从第三段最后一句可知计划生育是减少人口增长的手段，A为正确选

项。

61、Theworld'sbirthratehasdroppedbecause.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题向世界人口增长率降低的原因。从第二段可知D为正确答案.

62、Bytheyear2000,thenumberofbirthsandthenumberofdeathsinChina

will.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题问2000年时中国的出生率和死亡率将会怎样。从第四段最后一

句可知D为正确答案。

63、Sometimeinthefuture,thepeoplewhoareworkinginEuropewouldhavetopay

muchhighertaxe