专题04it作形式主语和形式宾语（知识讲解题型练习）原卷版

专题04it作形式主语和形式宾语复习考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破it作形式主语2.it作形式宾语考点一考点一it作形式主语当主语部分相对于谓语部分而言太长时，常把主语部分移到句尾，在主语的位置放上it。it没有具体的意义，仅用于使句子显得平稳，不头重脚轻。it作形式主语时常代替三种语法结构：不定式(短语)、v.­ing(短语)和从句。一、it代替不定式(短语)作形式主语1．It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋todosth.，这类名词有one’sturn/duty/pleasure,apity,ahabit,apleasure,afact,arule,time,ashame,nowonder等。Itisyourturntoreadthetext.轮到你读课文了。Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate.睡得太迟不是个好习惯。2．It＋be＋形容词＋(forsb.)＋todosth.,这类形容词用来描述不定式行为本身的性质有hard,natural,impossible,necessary,wrong,right,important,difficult,easy等。Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.按时交电费很重要，因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。Itisnecessaryforyoutobefullyawareofyourownshortings.充分认识自己的缺点是很必要的。3．It＋be＋形容词＋ofsb.＋todosth.，这类形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等时，不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语。这类句型所涉及的常用形容词有brave,careless,honest,modest,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong,foolish,kind,good,polite,selfish等。Itwasfoolishofyoutobehavelikethat.你那种表现真是太蠢了。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我正好。4．It＋takes＋sb.＋时间或金钱＋todosth.表示某人花了多少时间或金钱做某事。其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式，句中的sb.也可省略。Ittakesmeanhourtowalkthereandback.我步行一个来回用一个小时。IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.成千上万的人花了很多年才建成了长城。5.It+costs+sb.+金钱+todosth.表示某人花费多少钱去做某事。Itcostme$1000tobuytheputer.这台电脑花了我1000美元。6.It’suptosb.todosth.应由某人负责做某事Itisuptoyoutomaketheplan.应该由你来制定这个计划。【考点再现】单句语法填空(1)Itisnecessaryforhighschoolstudents(learn)anotherforeignlanguage.(2)Fromtheteacher’spatientexplanation,Ihavelearntwhatabigresponsibilityistoeducateus.(3)It'scleveryoutoworkoutthemathsproblem.(4)Iknow______isimportanttoknowmyownlimitations,butwhatisdifficultistohelpotherstoknowtheirownlimitations.二、it代替v.­ing(短语)作形式主语It＋be＋名词/名词词组＋doingsth.，这类名词有(no)good、(no)use、(no)time、awasteoftime、fun等。Thedoctortoldusthatitisnogoodeatingtoomuchmeat.医生告诉我们吃太多的肉没有好处。Itisnousegivinghimsomeadvice.给他提建议是没用的。Itisnogoodlivingalonewithoutkeepingintouchwithothers.独居而不和别人来往没有好处。Itisawasteoftimetryingtopersuadehimtochangehismind.试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。【考点再现】单句语法填空(1)AsfarasI'mconcerned,it'snouse(argue)withhim,hewon'tchangehismind.(2)It'sawasteoftime(reason)withhim.三、it代替从句作形式主语用it作形式主语的结构主要用于下列句型：1．It＋be＋名词＋从句，这类名词有afact、asurprise、anhonor、apity、awonder、monknowledge等。ItisapitythatIdidn’tthinkofitearlier.真是遗憾我没有早一点这么想。Itismonknowledgethatthefullmoonbringsfairweather.皓月兆天晴，这是常识。Itisasurprisethatyougavesuchananswertothequestion.你对这个问题作了这样的回答，真令人吃惊。2．It＋be＋形容词＋从句，这类形容词有natural、true、strange、necessary、important、obvious、certain、wonderful、funny、possible、likely、probable等。Itisnecessarythattheworkshouldbedonewell.这项工作应该被很好地完成，这一点是必要地。Itiscertainthatfreemedicalcarewillbegiventomostpeopleinourcity.我们城市的大多数人将享受免费医疗，这是肯定的。Itisprobablethathehasknowneverything.很可能他已经知道了一切。3．It＋动词＋从句，这类动词有seem、happen、appear、look、matter、make、strike、occur(突然想起)，turnout等。Ithappenedthattheticketsweresoldout.碰巧票都卖光了。Itoccurredtoherthatshemightadoptahomelesschild.她突然想到她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。Itappearedthathehadatasteformusic.看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力。Itturnsoutthatthesituationisquiteserious.结果表明情况很严峻。4．It＋be＋分词＋从句，这类分词有said、reported、believed、known、decided、proved、thought、expected、announced、arranged、amusing、puzzling、striking等。ItissaidthatLiHaohasbeentoEurope.据说李昊去过欧洲。Itwasamusingthatarabbitranoutoftheemptyboxonthedesk.桌上的空盒子里竟然跑出来一只兔子，太有趣了。【考点再现】(1)令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌。_____________________hecontinuestogamblewhenhealwaysloses!(2)真奇怪，他没说一声就走了。_____________________heleftwithouttellingus.(3)有人请他在聚会上表演一个节目。Itisrequestedthathe_________________________attheparty.(4)我忽然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题。___________________________Iknewhowtosolvethatproblem.考点二考点二it作形式宾语当动词不定式(短语)、v.­ing(短语)或从句作宾语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。一、代词it后接宾语补足语1．动词十it＋宾语补足语十不定式Theyconsidereditimportanttohavetheworkdoneontime.他们认为按时完成这项工作很重要。IfounditimportanttolearnspokenEnglish.我发现学习英语口语很重要。2．动词十it＋宾语补足语十动名词Hethoughtitnousetryingtoconvincethem.他认为企图说服他们没有用。3．动词＋it＋宾语补足语十从句Ithinkitnecessarythatyoustudyhard.我认为你努力学习是必要的。【考点再现】单句语法填空(1)Hemakesitarulenever（borrow）moneyfromothers.(2)Ithinkitnogood(spend)toomuchtimewatchingTV.(3)IwanttomakeclearthatIdidn'tstealhispen.二、代词it后不接宾语补足语1．动词＋it＋that/when/if从句能用于此结构的动词常见的有have、take、put、like、dislike、love、hate、appreciate等。Ilikeitthatyoucame.你来了，我很高兴。Rumorhasitthatthedefenceministerwillsoonresign.据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。Wereallyappreciateitwhensheofferedtohelp.她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。2．动词＋介词＋it＋that从句能用于此结构的“动词＋介词”常见的有seeto、lookto、insiston、stickto、dependon、relyon、answerfor等。Seetoitthatyou'renotlateagain.务必不要再迟到。Looktoitthatthisdoesn'thappenagain.注意不要再发生这种事。3．动词十it＋介词短语＋that从句能用于此结构的“动词＋it＋介词短语”常见的有takeitforgranted、bringittoone'sattention、oweittosb.等。IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.多亏有你我还活着。Itookitforgrantedthathewouldhelpus.我认为他帮助我们是理所应当的。【考点再现】完成句子(1)我讨厌他一边吃一边说话。Iwithhismouthfull.(2)如果你能提前告诉我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。Iinadvancewhetherornotyouwille.(3)你不可以相信他们会做大量的工作。Youcannottheywilldoloadsofwork.单项选择1．________isknowntousallthattheoldworker,________lifewashardinthepast,stillworkshardinhisseventies.A．As;which B．It;which C．As;whose D．It;whose2．Itisstrongly______byexpertsthatteenagersdoexerciseforanhoureveryday.A．remendation B．remends C．remended D．remending3．_________surprisedthewholeworldthatYuanLongpinghadrealisedhisdreamofdevelopingseawaterrice.A．That B．It C．What D．Which4．_________iswellknowntoallthatthe33rdSummerOlympicGameswasheldinParis.A．As B．What C．That D．It5．__________isreportedthatthewaypeoplespendtheirholidayhaschangedalotinthepastfiveyears.A．What B．It C．Which D．As6．_________wasknowntousallthatJohnfellintothecondition_________hisheartdisqualifiedhimformilitaryservice.A．As;which B．What;that C．It;where D．It;that7．isourdutytomakeourcountrybetterandstronger.A．It B．This C．That D．One8．______iswidelyacknowledgedthatputershavebeeavitalpartofoursociety.A．As B．It C．What D．Which9．Itisnotunusualforteenagersofyourgeneration________toputergamesandtheonlineworld.A．tobeattracted B．attracted C．beingattracted D．toattract10．______remainstobeseen______shewillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A．What;that B．It;whether C．What;if D．That;whether11．________hasbeenreportedthat76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.A．It B．What C．As D．Who12．______wasobvious______themanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave.A．This;that B．It;when C．That;that D．It;that13．______isknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.A．As B．Which C．It D．What14．Thereissomedoubt______ProfessorSmithcanmakeittotheconference.______issaidthathisflighthasbeencanceledbecauseoftheheavysnow.A．that;It B．that;That C．whether;It D．whether;That15．______iswellknownthatChinesehasthelargestnumberofnativespeakers.A．This B．What C．It D．That16．________isverydangerousto________theseviruseswithoutanyprotection.A．That;exposeto B．That;beexposedto C．It;exposeto D．It;beexposedto17．Itissuggested________,insteadofplainingalldaylong,Louisethinkofthecontributorswhohavehelpedhersurvive.A．which B．/ C．that D．what18．Itwasunbelievable________hedesignedwentbeyondtheexpectationsofeveryoneintheroom.A．that B．thatwhat C．what D．whatthat19．________isnotdifficult________people________andfindajobinourcity.A．That…of…tosettledown B．It…for…tosettledownC．That…for…settlingdown D．It…of…settlingdown20．________hasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicalstomunicatewitheachother.A．What B．That C．As D．It21．Wefound______difficulttoconnectsentencestogetheranddevelopaparagraph.A．that B．it C．them D．us22．Shoppingappshavemade______moreandmoreconvenientforpeopletodoshoppingonline.A．that B．them C．those D．it23．Thehighspeedrailwaywillmakeiteasierforpeople________around.A．travel B．travelling C．totravel D．travelled24．Susanmade______cleartome______shewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.A．it...what B．that…what C．it...that D．her...that25．Theyaskedthegovernmenttomake________cleartothepublic________theydidwasright.A．it;that B．it;what C．that;what D．this;that26．——Youarelateagain.——Sorry,Ifind________difficulttoaccustommyselftogettingupearlyonSunday.A．that B．one C．it D．how27．Somestudentsfind______veryhard______intheearlymorning.A．is,togetup B．that,getup C．it,togetup D．it’s,getsup28．Expertsfelt________necessarytoeupwithasolutiontotheseriousproblem.A．/ B．this C．it D．that29．MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,making______easierforpeopletotraveleverywhere.A．that B．what C．it D．which30．Thelatestreportmade__________clearthatclimatechangewillinfluencethepoorestcountriesmoststrongly.A．one B．what C．it D．this单句语法填空1．Athletesmakeanhonourtowinmedalsfortheirnation.2．HighpricesintheUKmakeworthwhileforbuyerstolookabroad.3．Theywanttomakeclearthatlanguageisanimportanttool.4．AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemadeherdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.5．Wecanrelyonthatthegallerywillprovideexcellentmarketingfortheevent.6．Itakeforgrantedthatparentsshoulddoeverythingforme.7．Ithinknecessarytobansmokinginrestaurantsandcafés.8．Weallfinditimportantweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.9．Ithinkessentialforustoappealtosomeoneforhelpwhennecessary.10．Thefactyouhaveapassionforyourideawillmakemucheasiertomotivateyourself.11．YoungpeopletodaymayfinddifficulttobeaccustomedtolifewithouttheInternet.12．Peoplehatewhenyoudon’tsaywhatyoumean.13．Asamatteroffact,I’dappreciateifyoucouldmakesomementsonmywork.14．Lotsofpeoplefindhardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblameonthealarmclock.15．Heseemedtomakehishonourtoholdbackthetears.16．Healsosaidroadsaren’tdesignedtomakesafeforbicycliststosharetheroadwithcars.17．MillionsoftouriststraveltoUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteseveryyear,soitisonlynaturalthesitessufferabitofwearandtear.18．isacknowledgedthatwealthdoesn'tnecessarilyboosthappiness.19．issaidthatdogsavoidingthebeachmaybeasignthatatsunamiisapproaching.20．isnowonderyoucan’tsleepwhenyoueatsomuch.21．However,itislikelyNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.22．AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,isimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.23．hasbeenannouncedthatweshallhaveourfinalexamnextmonth.24．Ithinkapointthatmanypeoplelosesightofishoweasycanbetofallbehindschedule.25．iswellknownthatChinaisrichinnaturalresources.26．Traditionalwoodblockprintingcanbedividedintofourmajorsteps:writing,engraving,printing,andbinding.Witheachstepthensubdividedintoseveralprocedures,takesroughly30stepstoproduceawoodblockprint.27．isnowonderthathefailedtheexam.28．isimpossibleforustofinishthedesignbeforeNationalDay.29．isestimatedthat1.3billionpeoplewilluseEnglishasei