骑士和骑士文化英文介绍-课件

TheKnightandchivalryWhoisKnight?

knight(/naɪt/)

isapersongrantedanhonorarytitle

ofknighthood

bya

monarch

orotherpoliticalleaderforservicetotheMonarchorcountry,especiallyinamilitarycapacity.Historically,inEurope,knighthoodhasbeenconferreduponmountedwarriors.Howdidknightform?Thefirstknightsappearedduringthereignof

Charlemagne

inthe8thcentury.Asthe

Carolingian

Ageprogressed,theFranksweregenerallyontheattack,ThesemobilemountedwarriorsmadeCharlemagne’sfar-flungconquestspossible,andtosecuretheirserviceherewardedthemwithgrantsoflandcalledbenefices.knight’sstatusDuringthe

HighMiddleAges,knighthoodwasconsideredaclassoflower

nobility.Usuallyonlysonsofknightsorlordscanbecomeaknight,

Insomecasescommonerscouldalsobeknightedasarewardforextraordinarymilitaryservice.Thepictureontherightshowschivalricranksduringthe

MiddleAges.Knight’sappearanceHowtobeaknight?Becomingaknightisthedreamofeveryboyinmiddleages,buttheprocessitextremelytough.Thepictureontherightshowsacommonceremonyofknightnomination（授名）.Howtobeaknight?Knighthoodwererequiredtomasterthe“sevenpointsof

agilities”–riding,

swimming

anddiving,shootingdifferenttypesofweapons,climbing,participationintournamentswrestling,

fencing,

longjumping,anddancing–theprerequisiteskillsforknighthood.Allofwhichweredoneevenwhilewearingarmor.TheKnight’sOath（宣誓）Saidbyfeudal

lord（册封者）：Bewithoutfearinthefaceofyourenemies.BebraveanduprightthatGodmaysee.Speakthetruthevenifitleadstoyourdeath.SaveGodthehelpless.Thatisyouroath.Andthatsoyourememberit.Riseaknight!

强敌当前，无畏不惧！果敢忠义，无愧上帝！耿正直言，宁死不诳！保护弱者，无怪天理！这是你的誓词，牢牢记住！册封为骑士！ThedeclarationofknightsIwillbekindtotheweak.Iwillbebraveandagainstthestrong.Iwillfighttheallwhodowrong.Iwillfightforthosewhocannotfight.Iwillhelpthosewhocallmeforhelp.Iwillharmnowoman.Iwillhelpmybrotherknight.Iwillbetruetomyfriends.Iwillbefaithfulinlove.

我发誓善待弱者

我发誓勇敢地对抗强暴

我发誓抗击一切错误

我发誓为手无寸铁的人战斗

我发誓帮助任何向我求助的人

我发誓不伤害任何妇人

我发誓帮助我的兄弟骑士

我发誓真诚地对待我的朋友

我发誓将对所爱至死不渝

declineBytheendofthe15thcentury,knightsbecameobsoleteascountriesstartedcreatingtheirown

professionalarmies

thatwerequickertotrain,cheaperandeasiertomobilise.

Theadvancementofhigh-poweredfirearmseradicatedtheuseofplatearmour,asthetimeittakestotrainsoldierswithgunsismuchlesscomparedtothatoftheknight,thecostofequipmentislower.chivalryHistorically,theidealsofchivalry（骑士精神）werepopularizedin

medievalliterature,especiallythe

MatterofBritain

and

MatterofFrance,

SirThomasMalory's

"TheDeathofArthur",writtenin1485,wasimportantindefiningtheideal

of

chivalry

whichisessentialtothemodernconceptoftheknightasanelitewarriorsworntoupholdthevaluesoffaith,

loyalty,

courage,and

honor.chivalryDuringthe

Renaissance,thegenreof

chivalricromance

becamepopularinliterature,growingevermoreidealisticandeventuallygivingrisetoanewformof

realism

inliteraturepopularisedbyMigueldeCervantes'