2023-2024学年山东省烟台市高三上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省烟台市2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALiteraryfestivalsallovertheUSAofferopportunitiesforreaderstomeettheirfavoriteauthorsandlearnabouttheirnewprojects.Youcanstartplanningyournextliteraryvacation!SummerWordsDates:June19-22Price:FreeIt’soneofAmerica’smostrespectedliteraryfestivalsandwritingconferences.Authorsareabletoattendadvancedworkshopsinordertoimprovethecraftofwriting.Besides,theycanmeeteditorsandliteraryagentsandattendpublicpaneldiscussionstogaininspirationandinsight.BookBonanzaDates:June23-24Price:$250Itisacelebrationofbookscoveringmultiplestylesandalwaysnetsahugelistofincredibleauthorattendees.Whatmakesitstandout,however,isnotjustitsimpressivelistofattendees:it’sthecharitablefocus.Allproceedsaredonatedtocharitablecauses,includingthosethatbenefitwomenandchildren.LosAngelesTimesFestivalofBooksDates:April22-23Price:Free,althoughindoorpanelswillrequireticketsItisamassivecelebrationofbooksandthebookishcommunity,withbooksignings,paneldiscussionswithdistinguishedprofessorsandexperts,artperformancesandbookgiveaways.Thetwo-dayeventhasgrowntobecomeanessentialelementoftheL.A.culturalscene.ImaginariumBookFestivalDates:May20-21Price:Free,butVIPticketsforearlyentrytosigningrooms($45),ticketsforthebrunch($50)Itcelebratesallthingsaboutfantasyandsciencefiction.Inadditiontopanelswhereauthorswillansweryourquestions,you’llgettomeetandacquiresignedbooksfromyourfavoriteauthorsandhavetheoptionofbrunchingwiththematthecosmic(宇宙的)brunchbuffet.1.Inwhichliteraryfestivalcanyoucatchashow?A.SummerWords.B.BookBonanza.C.LosAngelesTimesFestivalofBooks.D.ImaginariumBookFestival.2.WhatisspecialaboutBookBonanza?A.Itsprofitsgotocharity.B.It’smeantforwomenandchildren.C.Itdoesn’tchargeadmissionfee.D.Itfeaturesworkshopsfornotablewriters.3.WhatcanyoudoinImaginariumBookFestival?A.Getanauthor-signedphotograph.B.Dinewithyouradmiringwriters.C.Interactwithsciencefictionsupermen.D.Obtainone-on-onereadingtraining.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个美国各地的文学节。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据LosAngelesTimesFestivalofBooks标题下“Itisamassivecelebrationofbooksandthebookishcommunity,withbooksignings,paneldiscussionswithdistinguishedprofessorsandexperts,artperformancesandbookgiveaways.”（这是一场对书籍和书香社区的盛大庆祝，包括签售会、与知名教授和专家的小组讨论、艺术表演和赠书。）可知，在LosAngelesTimesFestivalofBooks你可以看演出。故选C项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据BookBonanza标题下“Allproceedsaredonatedtocharitablecauses,includingthosethatbenefitwomenandchildren.”（所有收益都捐赠给慈善事业，包括造福妇女和儿童的事业。）可知，BookBonanza的特别之处是它的受益会捐赠给慈善。故选A项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据ImaginariumBookFestival标题下“Inadditiontopanelswhereauthorswillansweryourquestions,you’llgettomeetandacquiresignedbooksfromyourfavoriteauthorsandhavetheoptionofbrunchingwiththematthecosmic(宇宙的)brunchbuffet.”（除了作家们会回答你的问题之外，你还可以见到你最喜欢的作家，并获得他们的签名书，还可以选择在宇宙早午餐自助餐厅与他们共进午餐。）可知，在ImaginariumBookFestival你可以和你欣赏的作家一起吃饭。故选B项。BInavideosubmittedtoanationwidesciencecompetition,HemanBekelefromVirginiaspelledouthismissionbriefly—curecancer,onebarofsoapatatime.Hecreatedacheapsoapthatcouldpotentiallyhelpfightskincancer.Hisinventionwonhimthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”atthe3MYoungScientistChallenge,anannualcompetitionthatinvitesstudentsingradesfivethrougheightto“changetheirworldforthebetterwithasingleinnovativeidea”,onOctober10,2023.Atage4,HemanmovedtoAmericafromEthiopia,wherehealwayssawpeopleconstantlyworkingunderthehotsun.Whileheconsideredideasforthecompetition,itstruckhimthatsomanypeopleinhishometownwereunawareoftheriskofsunexposure.Therecollectionsfueledhisdecisiontofocushisresearchonskincancer.“Ihopedtomakemyideasomethingthatnotonlywasgreatintermsofsciencebutalsocouldbeaffordableforasmanypeopleaspossible,”Hemansaid.Asheinitiallythoughtabouthisapproach,Hemanwantedhisproducttobesomethingasmuchofa“constant”inpeople’slifeaspossible,anitemthatwasmostconvenientincontrasttoothermedicinalproducts.InJune2023,hewasselectedasatop-tenfinalistandpairedwith3MproductengineeringspecialistDeborahIsabelletodevelopandtestaphysicalprototype(原型)ofhisidea.Ittookthepairfourmonthsoftrialanderrortocreate“SkinCancerTreatingSoap”(SCTS).Thebarcontainschemicalsthatrestorethebody’sdendriticcellskilledbycancercells.Oncereconstructed,dendriticcells,thebody’sfirstlineofdefenseagainstcancerandinfections,arecapableoffightingagainstcancercells.SCTS,whichcostsjust50centsabar,stillhastoundergoclinicaltrials.Theprocesscouldtakeoverfiveyears.Heman’splanforthesoapstretchesfarbeyondthewinning.Hehasafive-yearplan,whichincludesseekingapprovalfromtheFoodandDrugAdministration.Healsohopestostartanonprofittodistributethesoapinthefuture.“Thereisstillalotlefttodo,”the14-year-oldteenagersaid.4.WhatinspiredHeman’sideafortheinvention?A.Folktales. B.Childhoodmemories.C.Workingexperiences. D.Medicalobservations.5.InwhichaspectdidHemanwanthisproducttodifferfromothertreatments?A.Accessibility. B.Function. C.Security. D.Effectiveness.6.HowdoesSCTSwork?A.Itminimizessolarradiation. B.Itkillscancercellsdirectly.C.Itreactivatesdestroyedcells. D.Itremovesvirusesfromtheskin.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHemanaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Industriousandsociable. B.Ambitiousandcaring.C.Intelligentandcompetitive. D.Sensitiveandconservative.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了HemanBekele发明了一种可能有助于对抗皮肤癌的廉价肥皂，文章介绍了其灵感来源以及这种肥皂的工作原理。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Atage4,HemanmovedtoAmericafromEthiopia,wherehealwayssawpeopleconstantlyworkingunderthehotsun.Whileheconsideredideasforthecompetition,itstruckhimthatsomanypeopleinhishometownwereunawareoftheriskofsunexposure.Therecollectionsfueledhisdecisiontofocushisresearchonskincancer.(4岁时，赫曼从埃塞俄比亚搬到了美国，在那里，他总是看到人们在烈日下不停地工作。当他考虑比赛的想法时，他突然意识到家乡有这么多人没有意识到阳光照射的风险。这些回忆促使他决定将研究重点放在皮肤癌上)”可知，童年记忆激发了赫曼的发明灵感。故选B。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段““Ihopedtomakemyideasomethingthatnotonlywasgreatintermsofsciencebutalsocouldbeaffordableforasmanypeopleaspossible,”Hemansaid.Asheinitiallythoughtabouthisapproach,Hemanwantedhisproducttobesomethingasmuchofa“constant”inpeople’slifeaspossible,anitemthatwasmostconvenientincontrasttoothermedicinalproducts.(赫曼说：“我希望我的想法不仅在科学上是伟大的，而且可以让尽可能多的人负担得起。”当他最初考虑他的方法时，赫曼希望他的产品尽可能成为人们生活中的“常备品”，一种与其他药品相比最方便的产品)”可知，赫曼希望他的产品在可获得性不同于其他疗法。故选A。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ittookthepairfourmonthsoftrialanderrortocreate“SkinCancerTreatingSoap”(SCTS).Thebarcontainschemicalsthatrestorethebody’sdendriticcellskilledbycancercells.(这对搭档花了四个月的时间反复试验，创造出了“皮肤癌治疗皂”（SCTS）。这种东西含有的化学物质可以恢复被癌细胞杀死的树突状细胞)”可知，SCTS通过重新激活被破坏的细胞而起作用。故选C。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Heman’splanforthesoapstretchesfarbeyondthewinning.Hehasafive-yearplan,whichincludesseekingapprovalfromtheFoodandDrugAdministration.Healsohopestostartanonprofittodistributethesoapinthefuture.(赫曼对肥皂的计划远不止获胜。他有一个五年计划，其中包括寻求食品和药物管理局的批准。他还希望在未来成立一个非营利组织来分发这种肥皂)”可推知，赫曼雄心勃勃，有爱心。故选B。CAndreaLankfordquitherjobafterspending12yearsasaNationalParkServiceforesterspecializinginsearchandrescuemissionsinscenicandremoteAmericanlandscapes.However,decadeslater,threeyounghikerswentmissingonthePacificCrestTrail(PCT).Shefoundherselfunabletoturnawayfromthethreeseparatecasesdespitechallengesintheinquiryintothem.TrailoftheLostwasheranswer.It’sanabsorbingnonfictionnarrative(叙事)aboutthethreehikers,includingtheirlivesandthoseofthepeoplelookingforthem.ItalsoexploresthehistoryofthePCTandtherichsubculture,practicesandevenliteraturethatsurrounditandthosewhoundertakethe2,650-milejourney.Thebookisarichmultilayerednarrativethatworksonthreedifferentlevels.Thefirstisthestoryofeachofthethreehikers.Lankfordoffersabiography(传记)ofeachofthemissingmenandshowsthemthroughtheeyesofthosewhoknewthemwellandthosewhojoinedthesearch.Rightunderneaththenarrativesaboutthethreehikersarethestoriesofeveryonelookingforthem.Lankfordplayedaroleineachsearchbutsheallowedfriends,familyandevenstrangerstooccupycenterstagethroughoutmostofthenarrative.ThestorylooksattheroleofmissingpersonFacebookgroupsinthesearchesandhowcrucialwordofmouthcanbe.Manywarm-heartedindividualscameforthandbecameinstrumentalinthesearchesorprovidedvaluableinformation.ButLankfordalsowritesofthemanywholiedfornoapparentreasonandconfusedtheinvestigations.ThenarrativealsoshinesalightondiverseaspectsofthePCT.Lankford,whohashikedtheentireAppalachianTrailandwasthefirstpersontomountainbikethe800-mileArizonaTrail,knowsjusthowthePCTisphysicallyandmentallydemanding.Besides,thebookexploresthreatsfrommountainlionstopeoplewithbadintentionswhodon’tobservethePCT’sunspokenmoralrules,servingasarevelationofthewell-known,hiddenorignoreddangersofthePCT.Writtenwithaclear,fast-paced,straightforwardstyle,TrailoftheLostisasfullofhopeandhumanityasitispackedwithpain,sorrow,dangerandtension.Readitandyou’llfindmorethanyouseek.8.WhatledLankfordtowriteTrailoftheLost?A.Herloveforherpriorcareer.B.HerstrongattachmenttothePCT.C.Thestressfromthemissingfamilies.D.Herinvestigationintohikers’disappearance.9.Whatispresentedonthesecondlevelofthebook?A.Effortsbydifferentpeopleinsearches.B.Astringofwildernesssurvivaltips.C.Approachestoinformationclassification.D.Respectivestoriesofthethreehikers.10.What’sthepurposeofmentioningLankford’spreviousadventures?A.Topromoteherbook.B.Tomakeheracelebrity.C.Tomotivatehikerstochallengethemselves.D.TostressthedifficultyofhikingthePCT.11.Whatcanwesayaboutthebook?A.Ittargetssingleyouth.B.It’saromanticnovel.C.It’sbasedonactualevents.D.It’sadetailedaccountofajourney.【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了安德里亚·兰克福德撰写的故事《迷失之路》的相关信息。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Shefoundherselfunabletoturnawayfromthethreeseparatecasesdespitechallengesintheinquiryintothem.”（她发现自己无法回避这三个独立的案件，尽管对它们的调查面临挑战。）和第二段“TrailoftheLost washeranswer.(《迷失之路》就是她的答案)”可知，兰克福德写《迷失之路》的原因是她对徒步旅行者失踪案的调查。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Rightunderneaththenarrativesaboutthethreehikersarethestoriesofeveryonelookingforthem.”（在这三个徒步旅行者的故事背后，是每个人寻找他们的故事。）可知，作者除了在讲这三个徒步旅行者的故事，书的第二层还呈现了不同人在搜索中的努力。故选A项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第六段“ThenarrativealsoshinesalightondiverseaspectsofthePCT.Lankford,whohashikedtheentireAppalachianTrailandwasthefirstpersontomountainbikethe800-mileArizonaTrail,knowsjusthowthePCTisphysicallyandmentallydemanding.Besides,thebookexploresthreatsfrommountainlionstopeoplewithbadintentionswhodon’tobservethePCT’sunspokenmoralrules,servingasarevelationofthewell-known,hiddenorignoreddangersofthePCT.”（兰克福德徒步走过了整个阿巴拉契亚山道，是第一个骑山地车穿越800英里的亚利桑那山道的人，他知道PCT对身体和精神的要求是多么高。此外，这本书还探讨了美洲狮对不遵守PCT潜规则的不心怀之人的威胁，揭示了PCT众所周知的、隐藏的或被忽视的危险。）可知，提到兰克福德之前的冒险目的是强调攀登PCT的困难。故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Shefoundherselfunabletoturnawayfromthethreeseparatecasesdespitechallengesintheinquiryintothem.”（她发现自己无法回避这三个独立的案件，尽管对它们的调查面临挑战。）和第四段“Thebookisarichmultilayerednarrativethatworksonthreedifferentlevels.Thefirstisthestoryofeachofthethreehikers.”（这是一部引人入胜的非虚构故事，讲述了三位徒步旅行者的生活，包括他们的生活以及寻找他们的人的生活。）可知，这本书是根据真实事件改编的。故选C项。DDoyouhaveafavoritesport?Areyoupassionateaboutsewingorreading?Typically,youengageintheseactivitiessimplybecauseyouenjoythem.Wouldyoubetakenabacktoknowtheoverjustificationeffectthatwhenyouarerewardedforyourbelovedactivities,yourdesiretoparticipateinthemdiminishes?EdwardDeci,apsychologyprofessor,conductedaseriesofexperiments,inoneofwhichDecidividedtheparticipantsintotwogroups:onewaspaidtocompleteapuzzle,andtheotherwasnotpaidto.Aftermoneywasremoved,thegroupthatwaspreviouslypaidtoplayshowedlessmotivationtocompletethetaskthanthegroupthatwasneverpaidandonlydidthepuzzleforenjoyment.Theoutcomedemonstratedtheoverjustificationeffect,whichoccurswhenanexternalstimulationdecreasesaperson’sinternalmotivationtoperformabehaviororengageinanactivity.Accordingtotheself-determinationtheory,threeconditionsareessentialforpeopletofeelinternallymotivatedandperformattheirbest:autonomy,freedomfromexternalrestrictions;competence,theneedtofeelcapable,andrelatedness,theneedtofeelconnectedwithothers.InDeci’sexperiment,moneyactedasatie,whichreducedparticipants’autonomy,acrucialcomponentofinternalmotivation,discouragingthemfromexperiencingthefreedomofexternalrestrictions.Thepressuretoperformforthemoneylessenedthepleasureandfreedomfeltbythosewhoweredoingthepuzzlemerelyforfun.Butifexternalstimulationistiedtoperformance,theoverjustificationeffectislessinfluential.Forexample,beingrewardedforstudyingisunlikelytodecreaseinternalmotivationbecausethegradedependsuponactuallydoingwellratherthanjustgoingthroughthemotions.Whiletheoverjustificationeffectcanreducemotivation,somestrategiescanloweritsimpact.Oneistofocusonprovidingfeedbackandrecognitionratherthanconcreterewards.Forinstance,praisinganindividual’seffortoracknowledgingtheiraccomplishmentscanmaintaintheirinternalmotivation.Additionally,allowingindividualstohaveautonomyandcontrolovertheirtasksalsoworks.Bygivingthemthefreedomtochoosehowtheycompletetasks,individualsaremorelikelytobeinternallymotivatedandexperienceagreatersenseofsatisfactionandengagement.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes”inparagraph1mean?A.Remains. B.Weakens. C.Ceases. D.Solidifies.13.HowdidDeciprovetheoverjustificationeffectintheexperiment?A.Byinterpretingaconcept.B.Bypresentinganargument.C.Bymakingacomparison.D.Bydescribingaphenomenon.14.Whatismainlyillustratedinparagraph3?A.Theskillsneededforapuzzle.B.Thecoreelementsofinnerdrives.C.Theimpactofautonomyoncompetence.D.Thetheoreticalbasisfortheoverjustificationeffect.15.Whichservesasanexampleofpreventingtheoverjustificationeffect?A.Speakinghighlyofapupil’shardwork.B.Rewardingakidwithcandyforplayingtheviolin.C.Offeringaclerkfinancialbonusesfordailyroutines.D.Promisinganemployeeadecentpositionfordoinghisduty.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。通过实验证明了过度合理化效应。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Theoutcomedemonstratedtheoverjustificationeffect,whichoccurswhenanexternalstimulationdecreasesaperson’sinternalmotivationtoperformabehaviororengageinanactivity.(研究结果表明，当外部刺激降低了一个人进行行为或参与活动的内在动机时，就会出现过度合理化效应)”可知，此处介绍过度合理化效应，指的是当你因为你热爱的活动而得到奖励时，你参与其中的欲望会减弱，diminish与weaken“减弱”之间为近义词，故选B项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Aftermoneywasremoved,thegroupthatwaspreviouslypaidtoplayshowedlessmotivationtocompletethetaskthanthegroupthatwasneverpaidandonlydidthepuzzleforenjoyment.(在钱被拿走后，之前被付钱玩的一组比从未被付钱只为享受而玩拼图的一组表现出更少的动力来完成任务)”可知，Deci是通过把实验人员分成两组后进行对比以证明过度合理化效应的，故选C项。【14题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Accordingtotheself-determinationtheory,threeconditionsareessentialforpeopletofeelinternallymotivatedandperformattheirbest:autonomy,freedomfromexternalrestrictions;competence,theneedtofeelcapable,andrelatedness,theneedtofeelconnectedwithothers.(根据自决理论，三个条件对人们感到内在动力并发挥最佳表现至关重要：自主、不受外部限制；能力，感觉有能力的需要，以及相关性，感觉与他人有联系的需要)”可知，本段主要介绍的是过度合理化效应的理论基础，故选D项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Whiletheoverjustificationeffectcanreducemotivation,somestrategiescanloweritsimpact.Oneistofocusonprovidingfeedbackandrecognitionratherthanconcreterewards.Forinstance,praisinganindividual’seffortoracknowledgingtheiraccomplishmentscanmaintaintheirinternalmotivation.(虽然过度合理化效应会降低动机，但一些策略会降低其影响。一种是专注于提供反馈和认可，而不是具体的奖励。例如，赞扬一个人的努力或承认他们的成就可以保持他们的内在动机)”可知，A项“高度评价一个学生的勤奋学习”可以预防过度合理化效应，故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cultureshockistheexperiencethatoftenaccompaniesmovingtoanunfamiliarplace.Itcouldbemarkedbyfeelinglost,anxiousorhesitant.____16____You’llbecomeaccustomedtothesamethingsthatinitially“shocked”you!Readonfortipsforovercomingcultureshockinashorttime.Whendecidingtovisitanentirelynewplace,don’texpectthetraditionsandculturesfollowedbyyourcurrenthometobefollowedbythenewland.____17____Sokeepyourexpectationslow.Eventhoughitisanunfamiliarenvironmenthostingdifferentculturesandtraditionsfromtheoneyou’reusedto,it’svitaltobroadenyourmindandbewillingtotrynewthings.Don’tbequicktoformdiscriminatoryjudgmentsjustbecauseitis“odd”.Haveagoatsomethingdifferent,likeafoodorclothing—differentisn’tnecessarilybad.____18____Socialpsychologistsclaimthatlackofinformationisthebiggestcontributortoprejudices.Talktothelocalpopulationandaskthemabouthowtheircultureworksinsteadofassumingtheworst.____19____Plus,you’llmakesomefriendswhocaneaseyourtransformation.Keepyourselfopen-minded,awaitnewexperiencesandfamiliarizeyourselfwiththeconductofthepeople.____20____Gooutthereandhavefun!A.Integritybreaksdownbarriers.B.Youcangaininsightintoyoursurroundings.C.Cultureshockwilleventuallydisappear,though.D.Everycityorcountryhasitsownvaluesandbeliefs.E.Neverdoyouknowwhereyoumightfindaninterest.F.Consequently,suchmemoriesarewhatyoushouldtreasure.G.Aslongasyousticktothat,you’llsoonadjusttothenewculture.【答案】16.C17.D18.E19.B20.G【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了短时间内克服文化冲击的建议。【16题详析】根据上文“Cultureshockistheexperiencethatoftenaccompaniesmovingtoanunfamiliarplace.Itcouldbemarkedbyfeelinglost,anxiousorhesitant.(文化冲击是指移居到一个不熟悉的地方所带来的体验。它的特点可能是感到失落、焦虑或犹豫)”以及后文“You’llbecomeaccustomedtothesamethingsthatinitially“shocked”you!(你会习惯最初“震惊”你的同样的事情)”可知，后文提到了会习惯文化冲击，说明文化冲击最终会消失。故C选项“文化冲击最终会消失”符合语境，故选C。【17题详析】根据上文“Whendecidingtovisitanentirelynewplace,don’texpectthetraditionsandculturesfollowedbyyourcurrenthometobefollowedbythenewland.(当你决定去一个全新的地方旅游时，不要指望你现在的家乡所遵循的传统和文化会被新的地方所遵循)”可知，上文提到了新的地方有新的传统和文化，故本句承接上文说明每个地方文化方面的不同。故D选项“每个城市或国家都有自己的价值观和信仰”符合语境，故选D。【18题详析】根据上文“Eventhoughitisanunfamiliarenvironmenthostingdifferentculturesandtraditionsfromtheoneyou’reusedto,it’svitaltobroadenyourmindandbewillingtotrynewthings.Don’tbequicktoformdiscriminatoryjudgmentsjustbecauseitis“odd”.Haveagoatsomethingdifferent,likeafoodorclothing—differentisn’tnecessarilybad.(即使这是一个陌生的环境，与你所习惯的环境有着不同的文化和传统，拓宽你的思维，愿意尝试新事物也是至关重要的。不要因为它“奇怪”就迅速形成歧视性的判断。尝试一些不同的东西，比如食物或衣服——不同并不一定是坏事)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文说明尝试新事物的原因。故E选项“你永远不知道你会在哪里找到兴趣”符合语境，故选E。【19题详析】根据上文“Socialpsychologistsclaimthatlackofinformationisthebiggestcontributortoprejudices.Talktothelocalpopulationandaskthemabouthowtheircultureworksinsteadofassumingtheworst.(社会心理学家声称，缺乏信息是造成偏见的最大原因。与当地人交谈，询问他们的文化是如何运作的，而不是假设最坏的情况)”可知，本句承接上文说明与当地人交谈所带来的好处。故B选项“你可以洞察周围的环境”符合语境，故选B。【20题详析】根据上文“Keepyourselfopen-minded,awaitnewexperiencesandfamiliarizeyourselfwiththeconductofthepeople.(保持开放的心态，等待新的经历，熟悉人们的行为)”可知，本句承接上文，说明上文一系列的行为的影响。故G选项“只要你坚持下去，你很快就会适应新的文化”符合语境，故选G。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LeighAnnSondrup,adevotednurseatValleywise,earnedthetitleofaheroafteraremarkableoff-dutyrescue.TheextraordinarychainofeventsunfoldedasSondrupwasheadinghomefrom____21____onemorning.Havingjustcompletedherfourthstraightnightshift,shewas____22____.DrivingonStateRoute143nearSkyHarbor,Sondrupsuddenlynoticedahorriblesituationinthedistance.Asshe____23____,shefoundaconcretetruckhadoverturned,withaman____24____inside.Emergencyfirstrespondershadnotyetmadeittothe____25____.Despitehertiredness,Sondrupdidn’t____26____tomakeadecisiontointervene.She____27____hercar.Noothercarsweremovingontheroad,____28____hertosafelywalkacrosstheusuallybusyhighway.Shegotclosertothetruckandthenquickly____29____thesituation.Shediscoveredthedriverwasstillconscious,butseverelyinjuredandlosing_____30_____atanalarmingrate.Everysecondcounted.She_____31_____crawled(爬)underneaththeoverturnedtruck.Inadisplayofresourcefulness,she_____32_____theman’sbelttostopthebleeding.Monthslater,themanwhohadsufferedalife-threateninginjuryreachedouttoSondruptoexpresshisgratitudeforasecond_____33_____atlife.ThePhoenixFireDepartmentrecognizedSondrupforher_____34_____actions.Wheninterviewed,Sondrupsaidshemaintainedastrong_____35_____thateveryoneservesapurposeinlifeandthatshewasgladtohavedoneherpartwhendutycalled.21.A.exercise B.work C.vacation D.school22.A.high-spirited B.cut-off C.worn-out D.heart-broken23.A.awoke B.wandered C.departed D.approached24.A.trapped B.transported C.questioned D.laid25.A.office B.scene C.hospital D.base26.A.continue B.attempt C.offer D.hesitate27.A.heldonto B.warmedup C.pulledover D.backedup28.A.forcing B.allowing C.reminding D.requiring29.A.controlled B.pictured C.assessed D.revealed30.A.blood B.heart C.balance D.strength31.A.accidentally B.secretly C.curiously D.quickly32.A.marked B.employed C.swung D.fetched33.A.encounter B.choice C.lesson D.chance34.A.courageous B.optimistic C.amusing D.effortless35.A.assumption B.proposal C.belief D.character【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.D27.C28.B29.C30.A31.D32.B33.D34.A35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了护士利·安·桑德拉普在下班途中遇到交通事故，她选择去救助受伤的司机，并获得表彰的故事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，当桑德鲁普下班回家的时候，一连串不同寻常的事件发生了。A.exercise练习；B.work工作；C.vacation假期；D.school学校。根据后文“Havingjustcompletedherfourthstraightnightshift”可知，她刚连续上完第四个夜班，说明她刚工作完下班了。故选B项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她刚连续上完第四个夜班，已经筋疲力尽了。A.high-spirited情绪高涨的；B.cut-off中断的；C.worn-out疲惫的；D.heart-broken心碎的。根据前文“Havingjustcompletedherfourthstraightnightshift”可知，她刚连续上完第四个夜班，推断出她已经筋疲力尽了。故选C项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走近时，发现一辆混凝土卡车翻了，一名男子被困在里面。A.awoke醒来；B.wandered闲逛；C.departed分离；D.approached走近。根据后文“shefoundaconcretetruckhadoverturned,withaman______inside.”可知，桑德拉普走近才发现发现一辆混凝土卡车翻了，一名男子被困在里面。故选D项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走近时，发现一辆混凝土卡车翻了，一名男子被困在里面。A.trapped困住；B.transported运输；C.questioned提问；D.laid躺。根据后文“She________crawled(爬)underneaththeoverturnedtruck.”可知，她迅速爬到翻倒的卡车下面。推断出司机被困在车里。故选A项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：紧急救援人员还没有到达现场。A.office办公室；B.scene现场；C.hospital医院；D.base基地。根据后文“Noothercarsweremovingontheroad”可知，路上没有行驶的车辆，推断出紧急救援人员还没有到达现场。故选B项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管很累，桑德拉普毫不犹豫地做出了干预的决定。A.continue继续；B.attempt尝试；C.offer提供；D.hesitate犹豫。根据前文“Emergencyfirstrespondershadnotyetmadeittothe_______.”可知，由于紧急救援人员还没有到达现场，推断出她桑德拉普毫不犹豫地做出了干预的决定。故选D项。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她把车停在路边。A.heldonto持有；B.warmedup热身；C.pulledover靠边停车；D.backedup堵塞。根据后文“Shegotclosertothetruck”可知，她是停车后走近了卡车。故选C项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：路上没有其他车辆行驶，这让她可以安全地走过通常繁忙的高速公路。A.forcing强迫；B.allowing允许；C.reminding提醒；D.requiring要求。根据前文“Noothercarsweremovingontheroad”可知，因为路上没有其他车辆行驶，这让她可以安全地走过通常繁忙的高速公路。故选B项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她走近卡车，然后迅速评估了一下情况。A.controlled控制；B.pictured描绘；C.assessed评估；D.revealed揭示。根据后文“Shediscoveredthedriverwasstillconscious,butseverelyinjured”可知，她发现司机仍有意识，但伤势严重，说明她走近卡车，迅速评估了一下情况。故选C项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她发现司机仍有意识，但伤势严重，失血速度惊人。A.blood血液；B.heart心脏；C.balance平衡；D.strength力量。根据前文“butseverelyinjured”可知，司机伤势严重，推断出他失血速度惊人。故选A项。【31题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她迅速爬到翻倒的卡车下面。A.accidentally偶然地；B.secretly秘密地；C.curiously好奇地；D.quickly快速地。根据前文“Everysecondcounted.”可知，救人的时候每一份分钟很重要，推断出她迅速爬到翻倒的卡车下面。故选D项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了显示她的机智，她使用那个男人的腰带给他止血。A.marked做标记；B.employed使用；C.swung摇摆；D.fetched取。根据前文“losing________atanalarmingrate”可知，司机失血严重，说明她使用那个男人的腰带给他止血。故选B项。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，这名遭受了危及生命的伤害的男子找到了桑德鲁普，表达了他对第二次生命机会的感激之情。A.encounter偶遇；B.choice选择；C.lesson教训；D.chance机会。根据前文“she________theman’sbelttostopthebleeding.”可知，她使用那个男人的腰带给他止血，推断出男人感谢她给了他第二次活着的机会。故选D项。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：凤凰城消防局表彰了桑德拉普的勇敢行为。A.courageous勇敢的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.amusing有趣的；D.effortless毫不费力的。根据前文“Monthslater,themanwhohadsufferedalife-threateninginjuryreachedouttoSondruptoexpresshisgratitudeforasecond_______atlife.”可知，桑德拉普给了这个司机第二次生命，推断出她因为自己勇敢的行为得到表彰。故选A项。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接受采访时，桑德拉普说，她坚信每个人都有自己的人生目标，她很高兴在责任召唤时尽了自己的一份力量。A.assumption假设；B.proposal建议；C.belief信念；D.character性格。根据后文“everyoneservesapurposeinlife”可知，每个人都有自己的人生目标是她的一种信念。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Acupuncture(针灸),anancientChinesemedicalpractice,hasgivencountlesspatients____36____(relieve)ofsufferingandpainforthousandsofyears.____37____treatmentaimstopromotethebody’sself-regulatingfunctions.Evolvingfromthediscovery____38____usingstoneneedlestostickspecificpointsintotheskinandunderlyingtissuescouldeasepain,acupuncturehasbecomeanessentialpartoftraditionalChinesemedicine,thephilosophicalconceptsof____39____emphasizebalanceofbodilyfunctionsandoverallphysiologicalwell-being.Acupunctureisalsoinlinewiththephilosophythatpromotesthe____40____(harmony)coexistenceofhumanswithnature.InthebookRecordsoftheGrandHistorian,whichSimaQian____41____(write)about2,100yearsago,BianQue,a____42____(true)skilledphysicianduringtheWarringStatesPeriod,waswellknownforhavingsavedaprince____43____“death”byusingneedlestostimulatetheBaihuiacupoint(穴位)ontheheadoftheunconsciousman.Overtheyears,acupuncture____44_