2023-2024学年山东省潍坊市高三上学期1月期末考试英语试题(解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省潍坊市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyou’reanEnglishlearneroranEnglishspeakerlookingtowidenyourvocabulary,agooddictionaryappisamust.Dictionary.comIfyou’relookingforareliableanduser-friendlydictionaryapp,Dictionary.comhasoneforyou.Itprovidesinstantaccesstoavastcollectionofdefinitions,synonymsandevenworksoffline.Additionally,itprovidesdailywordquizzes,articlesandtrendingwordliststokeepusersengagedandexpandtheirvocabulary.Merriam-WebsterMerriam-Websterisawell-knownandhighlytrusteddictionary.Theappprovidesqualitydefinitions,audiopronunciationsandusageexamplesinanon-the-goformatavailableoffline.Itletsyousavefavorites,hasawordofthedayandkeepstrackofyourrecentsearches.Theappalsoprovidesaccesstoathesaurus,wordpuzzlesandquizzestoenhanceyourvocabularyskills.Theappevenletsyousearchforwordsbyspeakingthem!FluentUFluentUtakesreal-worldvideos-likemusicvideos,movietrailers,newsandinspiringtalks-andturnsthemintopersonalizedlanguagelearninglessons.FluentUmakesitreallyeasytowatchEnglishvideos.ThebestpartisthatFluentUkeepstrackofthevocabularythatyou’relearningandgivesyouextrapracticewithdifficultwords.Itevenremindsyouwhenit’stimetoreview!Everylearnerhasatrulypersonalizedexperience,evenifthey’relearningwiththesamevideo.DictBoxDietBoxisacomprehensiveofflinedictionaryandtranslatorappforover50languages,allinoneplace.Eachwordcomeswithadetaileddefinition,synonymsandexamplesentences.Witharegisteredaccount,yougetaccesstotheirurbandictionaryforslangwords,apicturedictionaryforvisuallearners,theabilitytobackupandupdatewordlistsacrossdevicesandanad-freeexperienceintheapp.1.Whichappallowsuserstoplayawordgame?A.D. B.Merriam-Webster.C.FluentU. D.DictBox.2.WhatisthemostappealingcharacteristicofFluentU?A.PresentingEnglishvideos.B.Providingscheduledcourses.C.Tracingthelearningprocess.D.Transformingvideosintolessons.3.HowisDictBoxdifferentfromtheotherapps?A.Itprovideswordtests.B.Ithasnoadvertisement.C.ItcanbeusedwithoutInternet.D.Itoffersmembersextraresources.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要为英语学习者介绍了几款英语词典app。【答案】1.B2.C3.D【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章Merriam-Webster部分“Theappalsoprovidesaccesstoathesaurus,wordpuzzlesandquizzestoenhanceyourvocabularyskills.(该应用程序还提供了对词库、字谜和测验的访问，以提高你的词汇技能)”可知，Merriam-Webster允许用户玩字谜。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章FluentU部分“ThebestpartisthatFluentUkeepstrackofthevocabularythatyou’relearningandgivesyouextrapracticewithdifficultwords.Itevenremindsyouwhenit’stimetoreview!(最棒的是，FluentU可以跟踪你正在学习的词汇，并为你提供额外的困难单词练习。它甚至会提醒你什么时候该复习了！)”可知，FluentU最吸引人的特点是跟踪学习过程。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文章DictBox部分“Witharegisteredaccount,yougetaccesstotheirurbandictionaryforslangwords,apicturedictionaryforvisuallearners,theabilitytobackupandupdatewordlistsacrossdevicesandanad-freeexperienceintheapp.(有了注册帐户，你就可以使用他们的城市俚语词典，视觉学习者的图片词典，跨设备备份和更新单词列表的功能，并且获得应用程序中的无广告体验)”可知，DictBox的不同之处在于可以为会员提供额外资源。故选D项。BWhenmostkidsgotothebeach,they’retoofocusedonmakingsandcastlesandsplashingaroundtonoticelitter,butseveralyearsago,for7-year-oldCashDaniels,noticingaplasticstrawsparkedalifelongpassionforsavingtheplanet.Cash,whoisnowknownasthe“conservationkid”,hasalwayslovednature.HegrewupfishingalongtheChattanoogaRiver,afterall!Butoncehelearnedthat80percentofalltrashfromlandandriversendsupintheocean,hecouldn’tsitback.Hestartedwithcleanupsalongtheriver,somethingthatquicklywentfromafamilyaffairtoacommunityeffortwithvolunteersandneighbors.In2019,Cash,togetherwithaCanadianconservationist,EllaGalaski-Rossen,startedanonprofitcalledtheCleanupKids.Despitelivingindifferentcountries,theymanagedtocreateeducationalvideosontheirYouTubechannel.“WehopetobeareallybignonprofitthateliminatesplasticintheU.S.andCanada,”Cashsaid.“Wewanttoinformkidsandadultsinthelandlockedstatesonhowtheiractionsareconnectedtothewaterandtheocean,”Cashsaid.CashwasselectedasoneofAmerica’stop10youthvolunteersof2021bythePrudentialSpiritofCommunityAwards.HealsoearnedthetitleofNationalHonoree,wherehereceiveda$5,000granttogotoanonprofitofhischoice,andhebecamethefirstpersontowintheYouthConservationistAwardtwoyearsinarowfromtheTennesseeWildlifeFederation.“Iwanttotraveltheworld,teachothers,andhelpthemfeelconnectedtotheocean.Becauseifyouareconnectedtotheocean-ifyouloveitandwhatlivesinit—you’llwanttoprotectit,”hesaid.“Thisismyfun,anditbecomesmorefunwitheverynewdiscovery.”4.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedwords“sitback”inparagraph2?A.Fallasleep. B.Loseheart.C.Turnablindeye. D.Lendahand.5.WhatisthepurposeofstartingtheCleanupKids?A.Torecyclewasteplastics.B.Tomakeinstructivevideos.C.Tospreadmarineknowledge.D.Toappealforoceanprotection.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCashDaniels?A.Sympatheticanddevoted. B.Initiativeandtalented.C.Ambitiousandhumorous. D.Determinedandmodest.7.WhatdoesCashDanielsstoryimply?A.Passionfuelsdreams.B.Greatmindsthinkalike.C.Helpingothersisofgreatfun.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是CashDaniels热爱大自然，他从7岁开始就对保护地球充满了热情，他先从清理河流沿岸开始，并将此发展成一项人们可以广泛参与的活动。他被评选为2021年美国十大青年志愿者之一。【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.A【4题详析】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词之前“HegrewupfishingalongtheChattanoogaRiver,afterall!Butoncehelearnedthat80percentofalltrashfromlandandriversendsupintheocean,hecouldn’t(毕竟，他是在Chattanooga河边钓鱼长大的！但当他了解到80%来自陆地和河流的垃圾最终都进入了海洋后，他就不能再这么做了)”以及第三段开头“Hestartedwithcleanupsalongtheriver,somethingthatquicklywentfromafamilyaffairtoacommunityeffortwithvolunteersandneighbors.(他从清理河流开始，这件事很快就从家庭事务变成了志愿者和邻居的社区努力。)”可知当CashDaniels看到了解到80%来自陆地和河流的垃圾最终都进入了海洋以后，他开始对河流岸边的垃圾进行了清理，最终这件事成为了人们可以广泛参与的活动，由此可以推测CashDaniels对于最终都进入了海洋的垃圾没有置之不理，而是采取了积极的行动，所以划线词的意思与C项Turnablindeye(视而不见)意思相近，故选C项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Wewanttoinformkidsandadultsinthelandlockedstatesonhowtheiractionsareconnectedtothewaterandtheocean,”Cashsaid.(卡什说：“我们想让内陆各州的孩子和成年人了解他们的行为与水和海洋的关系。”)”可知theCleanupKids的目的是让内陆各州的孩子和成年人了解他们的行为与水和海洋的关系，即呼吁人们保护海洋。故选D项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Cash,whoisnowknownasthe“conservationkid”,hasalwayslovednature.HegrewupfishingalongtheChattanoogaRiver,afterall!Butoncehelearnedthat80percentofalltrashfromlandandriversendsupintheocean,hecouldn’tsitback.(Cash现在被称为“环保孩子”，他一直热爱大自然。毕竟，他是在Chattanooga河边钓鱼长大的！但当他了解到80%来自陆地和河流的垃圾最终进入海洋时，他不能坐视不管。)”可知Cash热爱大自然，关心环境，所以他是富有同情心的，根据文章最后一段““Iwanttotraveltheworld,teachothers,andhelpthemfeelconnectedtotheocean.Becauseifyouareconnectedtotheocean-ifyouloveitandwhatlivesinit—you’llwanttoprotectit,”hesaid.“Thisismyfun,anditbecomesmorefunwitheverynewdiscovery.”(“我想环游世界，教别人，帮助他们感受到与海洋的联系。因为如果你和海洋有联系——如果你爱它和它的生物——你就会想要保护它，”他说。“这是我的乐趣，随着每一个新发现，它变得更加有趣。”)”可知Cash想要环游世界，教育别人，帮助他们感受到与海洋的联系，所以他是有奉献精神的，故选A项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Whenmostkidsgotothebeach,they’retoofocusedonmakingsandcastlesandsplashingaroundtonoticelitter,butseveralyearsago,for7-year-oldCashDaniels,noticingaplasticstrawsparkedalifelongpassionforsavingtheplanet.(当大多数孩子去海滩时，他们太专注于堆沙堡和溅水，而没有注意到垃圾，但几年前，对7岁的Cash来说，注意到一根塑料吸管激发了他毕生拯救地球的热情。)”以及文章最后一段““Iwanttotraveltheworld,teachothers,andhelpthemfeelconnectedtotheocean.Becauseifyouareconnectedtotheocean-ifyouloveitandwhatlivesinit—you’llwanttoprotectit,”hesaid.“Thisismyfun,anditbecomesmorefunwitheverynewdiscovery.”(“我想环游世界，教别人，帮助他们感受到与海洋的联系。因为如果你和海洋有联系——如果你爱它和它的生物——你就会想要保护它，”他说。“这是我的乐趣，随着每一个新发现，它变得更加有趣。”)”以及其他段落的内容可知一根塑料吸管激发了Cash拯救地球的热情而这种热情进而转化成了他的梦想，所以Cash的故事暗示了激情可以点燃梦想。故选A项。CToreducethecarbonemissionsfrompassengerjetsandlong-haultrucks,avastvolumeofsoy-basedrenewablefuelwillbeneeded.Toproduceit,Americanfarmerscouldruinexistingcornfieldstoclearspace,plantmillionsofadditionalacresofsoybeansandshutdownallsoybeanexports.Researchersatstartupsandbiotechgiantsalikehavefoundwaystocreateanewkindofsoybeansthroughgeneticrecombinationthatgeneratesmoreoil.Oneofthestartups,ZeaKalInc.,fundedinpartbyseedgiantCortevaInc.,planstointroduceitsfirstbatchofhigh-oilseedsforcommercialplantingin2024.Scientistshavetrickedtheplantintosustainingphotosynthesisforlongerwithgeneticrecombination,ultimatelyproducingmoreoilaswellasmoreprotein.Companiesareracingtobuildmorecapacitytoprocesssoy,acriticalcomponentforexpandinggreenfuelsupplies.Taxcreditsmakecompaniesinthetransportationindustryswitchtofuelwithlowercarbonemission.S&PGlobalseesdomesticdemandforrenewablebiofuelreaching4billiongallonsin2030,upfromaround2.7billionthisyear.Itprojectsthattheuseofsustainableaviationfuelwilltotal1.7billiongallonsannuallybytheendofthedecade,comparedwithjust182milliongallonsayearnow.Despitethebullishpredictions,thesoy-basedtransportationfuelmarketisstilladropinthebucketforthefuelindustry.Andevenifthenewbreedofhigh-oilseedstakesoff,widespreadadoptionwilltaketime.Farmersmaybereluctanttobecomeearlyadoptersofatechnologythathasn’tyetprovenitsbenefits,especiallyiftheoilcontentcomesattheexpenseofexistinggeneticrecombinationsthatimprovediseaseorpestresistance.ChickenproducerPerdueFarmsInc.hassignedadealwithZeakal,agreeingtopayfarmersahigherpriceforharvestedsuppliesofthenewvariety,whichisgoodforchickenfeedbecauseofitshigherproteinlevels.Iflargeoilcompaniesfollowsuit,thesoybeanmarketmightneverlookthesame.“Wecouldhaveanopportunityfortheoilcomponentofsoybeanstoactuallybecomemoreimportantinsomemarketsthantheproteinaspect,”saysMikeDillon,vicepresidentofZeaKal,“That’saverydramaticshift.”8.Howdidresearchersplantoproducemoreoil?A.Byplantingmoresoybeans.B.Bybanningsoybeanexports.C.Byfertilizingsoybeanfields.D.Byengineeringsoybeangenes.9.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningthefigureinparagraph3?A.Thecontinuoususeofthefuel.B.Thegrowingdemandforbiofuel.C.Theseriouslackofgreenfuelsupplies.D.Thefiercecompetitionbetweencompanies.10.Whocanchangethecurrentbiofuelmarketaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Companies. B.Farmers. C.Scientists. D.Governments11.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.Biofuel:ANewWaytoCutDownCarbonEmissionsB.OilierSoybeans:PossibleRelianceoftheFutureFuelC.ABigShift:FromConventionalSoybeanstoAlteredOnesD.GeneticModification:ATechnologytoBreedNewSoybeans【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了研究人员计划通过改造大豆基因来创造一种新型大豆，以增加石油产量及其前景预测。【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.B【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Researchersatstartupsandbiotechgiantsalikehavefoundwaystocreateanewkindofsoybeansthroughgeneticrecombinationthatgeneratesmoreoil(创业公司和生物技术巨头的研究人员已经找到了通过基因重组创造出一种新型大豆的方法，这种大豆可以产生更多的石油)”可知，研究人员计划通过改造大豆基因来创造一种新型大豆，以增加石油产量。故选D项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“S&PGlobalseesdomesticdemandforrenewablebiofuelreaching4billiongallonsin2030,upfromaround2.7billionthisyear.Itprojectsthattheuseofsustainableaviationfuelwilltotal1.7billiongallonsannuallybytheendofthedecade,comparedwithjust182milliongallonsayearnow.(标普全球预计，到2030年，国内对可再生生物燃料的需求将达到40亿加仑，高于今年的27亿加仑左右。该公司预计，到本十年末，可持续航空燃料的使用总量将达到每年17亿加仑，而目前每年仅为1.82亿加仑)”可推知，作者列举这些数据是为了说明对可再生生物燃料的需求会越来越大。故选B项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ChickenproducerPerdueFarmsInc.hassignedadealwithZeakal,agreeingtopayfarmersahigherpriceforharvestedsuppliesofthenewvariety,whichisgoodforchickenfeedbecauseofitshigherproteinlevels.Iflargeoilcompaniesfollowsuit,thesoybeanmarketmightneverlookthesame.“Wecouldhaveanopportunityfortheoilcomponentofsoybeanstoactuallybecomemoreimportantinsomemarketsthantheproteinaspect,”saysMikeDillon,vicepresidentofZeaKal,“That’saverydramaticshift.”(鸡肉生产商珀杜农场公司已与Zeakal签署了一项协议，同意向农民支付更高的价格，购买这种新品种的大豆。这种新品种蛋白质含量较高，对鸡饲料有好处。如果大型石油公司也这样做，大豆市场可能会变得截然不同。ZeaKal副总裁迈克•狄龙表示：“在某些市场上，大豆的油成分可能会比蛋白质成分更重要。这是一个非常戏剧性的转变。”)”可知，如果大型石油公司也像珀杜农场公司一样，向农民大量购买这种新型大豆，会引起大豆市场的变化，而这种大豆可用作新型燃料，故而会引起当前的生物燃料市场的变革。故选A项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Researchersatstartupsandbiotechgiantsalikehavefoundwaystocreateanewkindofsoybeansthroughgeneticrecombinationthatgeneratesmoreoil.(创业公司和生物技术巨头的研究人员已经找到了通过基因重组创造出一种新型大豆的方法，这种大豆可以产生更多的石油)”及第三句第一句“Companiesareracingtobuildmorecapacitytoprocesssoy,acriticalcomponentforexpandinggreenfuelsupplies.(企业正在竞相建设更多的大豆加工能力，这是扩大绿色燃料供应的关键组成部分)”及第四段前两句“Despitethebullishpredictions,thesoy-basedtransportationfuelmarketisstilladropinthebucketforthefuelindustry.Andevenifthenewbreedofhigh-oilseedstakesoff,widespreadadoptionwilltaketime.(尽管有乐观的预测，大豆为基础的运输燃料市场仍然是燃料行业的沧海一粟。而且，即使新品种的高油分种子能够开花结果，广泛采用也需要时间)”可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员通过改造大豆基因创造了一种新型大豆，该大豆含油量较高，可能能够成为未来可再生生物燃料的来源。由此可知，OilierSoybeans:PossibleRelianceoftheFutureFuel(高油大豆：未来燃料的可能来源)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。DWheneverIorderfoodfordelivery,Iplayalittlegametoguesshowmanysetsoftableware(餐具)therestaurantwillprovidewithmymeal.Sometimesrestaurantswillthrowintwo,threeorfoursetsforjustoneorder.ButIrarelyneedanytablewareatall,andthewastegoesintothetrashorcollectsdustinakitchendrawer.ResearchersworkingwithChinesetechnologygroupAlibabatriedasimpleapproachtothisproblem.Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.Thedefault(默认设置)wassetatzero.Theresult,publishedtodayinthejournalScience,wasa638%increaseintheshareofno-tablewareorders.IfappliedacrossChina,researchersfound,theapproachwouldsavenearly22billionsetsofplastictableware.Thestudydoesn’tcovercarbonemissions,butit’ssafetosaythattheimpactwouldbesignificant.Itstruckmeasausefulreminderofthemanylow-hangingfruitsacrosstheeconomythatcancutwaste,andemissions.NudgingitscustomerscostAlibabanothingmorethanafewhoursofsoftwareengineeringtimeandtheimpactitbroughtwasimmense.Theconceptofnudgingcomesfromthefieldofbehavioraleconomicsknownasnudgetheory.Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.Tonudgecustomerstoeatbetter,forexample,arestaurantmightorganizeitsmenubylistinghealthyoptionsfirstandburyunhealthyonesatthebottom.Morerecently,somebigcompanieslikeGooglehavealsobeguntousenudgestoadvanceclimateobjectives.Behavioraleconomicsbroadly,andnudgesmorespecifically,aren’twithoutcontroversy.Somemightthinkitassignsconsumersresponsibilityforaddressingenvironmentalchallenges.Butthereisanotherwaytolookatit.Intheabsenceofnecessarypolicy—andpolicyisneeded—companiescanhelpencourageawidespreadshiftofconsumerbehavior.Andallofthatbehavioralchangecanaddup.TheInternationalEnergyAgencyfoundin2021thatsmallbehavioralchangesinenergyconsumptionsuchaswalkinginsteadofdrivingandadjustingthethermostatcouldintotalshaveoff4%ofglobalemissions.Themorethatcompaniescandotofacilitatesuchchanges,thebetter.12.WhatdidAlibabadowithtablewarewaste?A.Itstoppedrestaurantsfromhandingouttableware.B.Itwithdrewunusedtablewarefromcustomers.C.Itupdatedthefood-deliverydeviceregularly.D.Itallowedpickingtablewareatcustomers’demand.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“low-hangingfruits”meaninparagraph2?A.Easilyaccessiblethings. B.Fastincreasingorders.C.Exceptionallytoughchoices. D.Widelyacceptedstrategies.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutnudgetheoryfromparagraph3?A.Itbringsabouteconomicloss.B.Itresultsfromconsumptionpolicies.C.Itindicatessmallactionchangesbehaviour.D.Itimpliesbadbehaviourimpactseconomy.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Nudgetheoryaffectsbehaviors.B.Goodbehaviorsboosteconomy.C.Nudginghelpsbuildagreenerworld.D.Behavioraleconomicsbenefitscustomers.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要通过阿里巴巴践行环保的例子介绍了助推理论在环保方面的影响，即有助于建立一个更环保，更绿色的世界。【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.C【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“ResearchersworkingwithChinesetechnologygroupAlibabatriedasimpleapproachtothisproblem.Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.”（与中国科技集团阿里巴巴合作的研究人员尝试了一个简单的方法来解决这个问题。该公司没有浪费餐具，而是要求中国一些城市的外卖客户选择他们想要多少套餐具。）可知，阿里巴巴允许顾客根据自己的需求选择餐具数量。故选D项。【13题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段第二句“Insteadofjustwastefullydolingouttableware,thecompanyrequiredfood-deliverycustomersinsomecitiesinChinatopickhowmanysetsoftablewaretheywantedtoreceive.”（该公司没有浪费餐具，而是要求中国一些城市的外卖客户选择他们想要多少套餐具。）及第五六句“IfappliedacrossChina,researchersfound,theapproachwouldsavenearly22billionsetsofplastictableware.Thestudydoesn’tcovercarbonemissions,butit’ssafetosaythattheimpactwouldbesignificant.”（研究人员发现，如果在全中国推广，这种方法将节省近220亿套塑料餐具。这项研究没有涵盖碳排放，但可以肯定的是，影响将是巨大的。）可知，阿里巴巴一个小小举动就能在减少浪费，保护环境方面产生重大的影响，故推知“low-hangingfruits”意为“易于达成的事情”，该短语字面意思是“低垂的水果、容易够着的水果”，暗示“容易完成或实现”。故选A项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.”（它表明，一个轻微的行动可以鼓励良好的人类行为，而不需要限制选择的政策或提高不良行为成本的经济惩罚。）可知，助推理论表明一个小小的举动就可以影响人类的行为。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段前三句“NudgingitscustomerscostAlibabanothingmorethanafewhoursofsoftwareengineeringtimeandtheimpactitbroughtwasimmense.Theconceptofnudgingcomesfromthefieldofbehavioraleconomicsknownasnudgetheory.Itsuggeststhataslightactioncanencouragegoodhumanbehaviorwithouttheneedforpoliciesthatlimitchoiceoreconomicpunishmentthatraisesthecostofbadbehavior.”（阿里巴巴只花了几个小时的软件工程时间来推动客户，而它带来的影响是巨大的。助推的概念来自行为经济学领域的助推理论。它表明，一个轻微的行动可以鼓励良好的人类行为，而不需要限制选择的政策或提高不良行为成本的经济惩罚。）及最后一段第二句“TheInternationalEnergyAgencyfoundin2021thatsmallbehavioralchangesinenergyconsumptionsuchaswalkinginsteadofdrivingandadjustingthethermostatcouldintotalshaveoff4%ofglobalemissions.”（国际能源署在2021年发现，在能源消耗方面的微小行为改变，如以步行代替开车和调整恒温器，总共可以减少全球排放量的4%。）并结合文章阿里巴巴的例子可知，本文主要介绍了助推理论在环保方面的影响，即有助于建立一个更环保，更绿色的世界。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theformatyousaveyourphotosincomesdowntoachoicebetweenconvenienceandexcellence,theshort-termeaseofJPEGversusthecreationinRAWofyourbestphotopossible.Ofcourse,itisnoteither-or.___16___.Butforthosetimesthatarespecial,thatdemandgreatercareandeffort,asimplesettingonyourcamerawillhelpyoutakethebestpossiblephotograph.___17___.Theydeterminehowmuchdataisstoredwhenyoupresstheshutter.RAWtypicallycaptureseither12-bitor14-bitfiles,meaningtheycanrepresentbillionsofcolourshadesandtones.JPEGs(limited,to8bits)reproduce,about16millioncolourvariations—plentyforagodbasicshot,butwhenshootingforsomethingspecial,it’salwaysbettertohavemorecolour,morelightandmorecontrol.ItisintheeditingthatyoudiscoverRAW’sedge.Afteruploadingtoyourcomputer,tabletorphone,theimagescanbe“developed”inabasicphotoeditingprogram.Itdoesn’ttakelongtolearntofine-tunetheimages.Evenunder-andoverexposedimagescanbeenhancedtoenlivenshadowsandhighlightswithoutanyofthegraininess(颗粒)thatcomeswithinadequatelight.___18___Becausetheeditingprocessis“lossless”,theoriginalRAWfileisunaffectedbyyoureditsandcanbestoredoreditedagainforadifferenteffect.Tomakesureyoudon’trunoutofspacetostoreallthatdata,bringalonglotsofmemorycardsthatyoucanswapintoyourcameraasyougo.___19___Wonderinghowtogetstarted?DigintoyourcameraorsmartphonesettingstochangeformatandexploreRAW.___20___Thenit’stimetoplay.Inaflash,yu’llseejustwhatdifferenceyoucanmaketoyourphotos.A.TakeafewshotsinbothJPEGandRAW.B.Theyarecheapandlight,sothere’snoneedtoeverrunout.C.Digitalcamerashavetwobasicshootingformats,JPEGandRAW.D.VariouscamerabrandshavetheirownuniqueRAWimageformats.E.Butlearninghowtoeditphotosrequiresplentyofpracticeandcreativity.F.Therearetimeswhenafewshotsareallyouneedtocapturethemoment.G.Onceeditedtoyourstandard,theimageiseasilysharedasaJPEGorotherformats.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个能够帮助拍出更好的照片的设置。【答案】16.F17.C18.G19.B20.A【16题详析】根据上文“Ofcourse,itisnoteither-or.(当然，这不是非此即彼的。)”和下文“Butforthosetimesthatarespecial,thatdemandgreatercareandeffort,asimplesettingonyourcamerawillhelpyoutakethebestpossiblephotograph.(但是对于那些特殊的时刻，需要更多的关注和努力，在你的相机上一个简单的设置将帮助你拍出最好的照片。)”可知，空处提出的是平常情况下的拍摄需求，F项中的“Therearetimes”和下文中的“Butforthosetimesthatarespecial”对应。F项：Therearetimeswhenafewshotsareallyouneedtocapturethemoment.(有时候，你只需要几张照片就能捕捉到那个瞬间。)符合语境。故选F。【17题详析】空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Theydeterminehowmuchdataisstoredwhenyoupresstheshutter.(当你按下快门时，它们决定存储多少数据。)”可知，本段主要介绍了相机的两种拍摄格式，下文中的“they”指代上文的“JPEGandRAW”。C项：Digitalcamerashavetwobasicshootingformats,JPEGandRAW.(数码相机有两种基本的拍摄格式，JPEG和RAW。)符合语境。故选C。【18题详析】根据下文“Becausetheeditingprocessis“lossless”,theoriginalRAWfileisunaffectedbyyoureditsandcanbestoredoreditedagainforadifferenteffect.(因为编辑过程是“无损的”，原始的RAW文件不受您的编辑影响，可以存储或再次编辑不同的效果。)”中的“theeditingprocess(这种编辑程序”可知，上文提出了某种编辑标准。G项：Onceeditedtoyourstandard,theimageiseasilysharedasaJPEGorotherformats.(一旦编辑成您的标准，图像很容易共享为JPEG或其他格式。)符合语境。故选G。【19题详析】根据上文“Tomakesureyoudon’trunoutofspacetostoreallthatdata,bringalonglotsofmemorycardsthatyoucanswapintoyourcameraasyougo.(为了确保你不会耗尽存储所有数据的空间，带上很多存储卡，这样你就可以随时换到你的相机里。)”可知，空处解释带上很多存储卡的好处。B项中的“they”指代上文的“lotsofmemorycards”。B项：Theyarecheapandlight,sothere’snoneedtoeverrunout.(它们既便宜又轻便，所以永远不需要用完。)符合语境。故选B。【20题详析】根据上文“Wonderinghowtogetstarted?DigintoyourcameraorsmartphonesettingstochangeformatandexploreRAW.(想知道如何开始？深入研究您的相机或智能手机设置，改变格式和探索RAW。)”可知，空处承接上文，说明完成设置之后应该如何操作。A项：TakeafewshotsinbothJPEGandRAW.(用JPEG和RAW格式拍几张照片。)符合语境。故选A。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AsIwalkedtothemarketthismorning,Isawapoorlydressedoldmanwithatowelcoveringhisfacesittinginfrontofashop.I___21___hewasabeggarlookingforcharity.ImadeamentalnotethatonmywaybackfromthemarketIshouldgivehimwhatever___22___Ihad.Afewfeetawaywasayoungmanonthepavement___23___inadrunkenstateandnoonewhopassedbytookany___24___.Ithoughtinmyminditwassomegood-for-nothing,drunkardwhohad___25___allhismoneyonalcohol.Ifinishedallmyshopping,andwalkedbackalongthesameroad.WhenIreachedthebeggar,Iputoutmyhandfullofchange___26___himaskinghimtotakeit.Heshookhisheadasthoughsayingthathedidnotneedit.I___27___andpusheditintohishand.AsIstoodthere,___28___ofmygreatactofcharity,thebeggarslowlygotup,walkeduptotheyoungmanlyingonthepavement,andshookhimawake,___29___himsomethingclosetohisear.Istoodtherewatchingwith___30___ashewalkedtotheteashop,whereheaskedforsomethingforwhichhepaidwiththemoneyIgaveand___31___abread.Hethenwentbacktotheyoungman,andhelpedhimto___32___andeatthebread.HenoticedthatIwasstilltheresohesaid,“Thatyoungboyhasnoteatenfortwodaysandhasnoenergyeventositup.Thatiswhyhe___33___onthepavement.”SuddenlyIfeltso___34___andadmiredthenonjudgmental___35___ofamanwhohassolittlecomparedtome.21.A.decided B.suspectedC.recalled D.admitted22.A.food B.opportunityC.change D.job23.A.suddenly B.obviouslyC.probably D.gradually24.A.chance B.pictureC.advantage D.notice25.A.wasted B.madeC.earned D.raised26.A.towards B.overC.past D.for27.A.shouted B.insistedC.compromised D.commanded28.A.jealous B.confidentC.proud D.hopeful29.A.showing B.leavingC.handing D.asking30.A.joy B.amazementC.thrill D.disappointment31.A.delivered B.sharedC.collected D.brought32.A.sit B.lieC.stand D.wash33.A.begged B.collapsedC.died D.slept34.A.sad B.downC.great D.small35.A.patience B.toleranceC.integrity D.generosity【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者在早晨去市场时遇到一个衣衫褴褛的老人在商店前乞讨，并决定给他一些零钱。但在与老人互动的过程中，作者发现他帮助了一个醉倒在路边的年轻人，用作者给的零钱买了食物给他吃。这个经历让作者感到自己的渺小，并对这位老人的无私慷慨产生了敬佩之情。【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.D25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我断定他是一个寻求施舍的乞丐。A.decided断定；B.suspected怀疑；C.recalled回忆；D.admitted承认。根据前文“AsIwalkedtothemarketthismorning,Isawapoorlydressedoldmanwithatowelcoveringhisfacesittinginfrontofashop.”可知，老人衣衫褴褛，所以是作者断定他是一个乞丐。故选A项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我心里记着，在我从市场回来的路上，我应该把我所有的零钱都给他。A.food食物；B.opportunity机会；C.change零钱；D.job工作。根据后文“WhenIreachedthebeggar,Iputoutmyhandfullofchangehimaskinghimtotakeit.”可知，此时作者决定把买菜后剩下的零钱给老人。故选C项。【23题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：几英尺远的地方，人行道上站着一个年轻人，显然喝醉了酒，但经过的人都没有注意到他。A.suddenly突然；B.obviously显然；C.probably可能；D.gradually逐渐地。根据后文“Ithoughtinmyminditwassomegood-for-nothing,drunkardwhohadallhismoneyonalcohol.”可知，作者认为那是个没用的酒鬼，所以是显然喝醉了酒。故选B项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几英尺远的地方，人行道上站着一个年轻人，显然喝醉了酒，但经过的人都没有注意到他。A.chance机会；B.picture照片；C.advantage优势；D.notice注意。根据前文“Afewfeetawaywasayoungmanonthepavementinadrunkenstateandnoonewhopassedby”结合选项，可知，年轻人显然喝醉了酒，但没有人注意他符合语境。故选D项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想，那是个没用的酒鬼，把所有的钱都浪费在酒上了。A.wasted浪费；B.made制造；C.earned赢得；D.raised增加。根据前文“Ithoughtinmyminditwassomegood-for-nothing”以及后文“allhismoneyonalcohol”可知，作者认为那是个没用的酒鬼，因为他把所有的钱都浪费在酒上了。故选A项。【26题详