专题 04宇宙探索 -备战2022年中考英语阅读理解热点话题特训

04宇宙探索Passage1Dostarsonlyappearatnight?Theanswerisno.Venus(金星)istheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaytime.ItshoneatitsbrightestinthenightskyonFeb17thisyear.Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesun.Itisthesecondbrightestnaturalobject,behindtheearth’smoon,inthenightsky.Whyisitsobright?Firstofall,Venusistheclosestplanettotheearth.Itisalsocoveredbyhighlyreflective(反射的)clouds,whichcanreflectabout70percentofthesunlightstriking(照射)it,almosttwiceasmuchastheearthdoes.Somepeoplecall2017theyearofVenus,becausetheplanetisatitsbrightesttwicethisyear.Venusgetsbrighterwhenitgoesfurtherawayfromthesun,andnearertotheearth.ThebrightestmomenthappenedonceinFebruary,andwillhappenagain,duringdaylight,onApril30.IfVenusissobrightandclosetous,isn’titabetterchoiceforhumanexploration(探索)thanMars?ItisclosertotheearththanMarsandit’sclosertotheearthinsize.Thecloserdistancetothesunmeanssolarpower(太阳能)wouldbeeasiertogenerateaswell.However,withatemperatureofabout465℃onthesurface,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem!Butscientistsnevergiveup.Recently,ateamofNASAandRussianscientistscreatednewcomputerequipmentthatcanstandtemperaturesof480℃.ItcanworkunderVenus-likeconditions(环境)foralmost22days.Thenextstep,accordingtothescientists,istosendaprobe(探测器)toVenusby2025.1．WhichofthefollowingaboutVenusisNOTtrue?A．It’stheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaylight. B．It’sthesecondplanetfromthesun.C．It’sthebrightestnaturalobjectinthenightsky. D．It’stheclosestplanettotheearth.2．Theunderlinedword“generate”issimilarinmeaningtotheword“________”.A．heat B．produce C．spread D．form3．WhatmakesVenusaworseplaceforhumanexplorationthanMars?A．Thecloserdistancetotheearth. B．Thesimilarsizetotheearth.C．Toomuchsolarpowertouse. D．Theextremelyhightemperature.4．Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,thenewcomputerequipment________.a.wascreatedbysomeUKscientistsb.canstandtemperaturesof480℃c.canworkforabout22daysonVenusd.willbesenttoVenusby2025A．ab B．bc C．cd D．adPassage2Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestone(里程碑)inspaceexploration(探索).OnJan3,Chang’e4becamethefirstspaceprobe(探测器)inhistorytolandonthefarsideofthemoon,People’sDailyreported.FromEarth,wecanonlyseeonesideofthemoon.Theothersidehasbeenamystery.Scientistshavelongwonderedwhatliesonthissideofthemoon.Chang’e4hassentbackphotosofthefarsideofthemoon.Itisalsousedtocarryoutexperiments,suchasgrowingseedsinalow-gravity(低重力)environment.Thedata(数据)collectedfromtheseexperimentscouldbeusedtohelpusbuildabaseonthemooninthefuture.ThesuccessoftheChang’e4mission(任务)isamainachievementforChina’sspaceprogram.ItmarksanewstageinChina’sdeepspaceexploration,saidWuYanhua,headofChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Chinalaunched(启动)itslunar(月球的)explorationprogramin2004,namingitChang’e.Chinesescientistssetthreegoals—“orbiting(环绕运行),landingandsample(样本)returning”,referringtolaunchingprobesthatcouldcirclearoundthemoon,touchdownonitssurfaceandbringlunarmaterialsbacktoEarth.Chang’e4hasrealizedthegoaloflanding.ThethirdwillbeachievedduringtheChang’e5mission,whichissettotakeplacebeforetheendofthisyear,ChinaDailyreported.FollowingthesuccessoftheChang’emissions,Chinesescientistsarelookingevenfartherintooursolarsystem(太阳系).China’sfirstMars(火星)missionisexpectedtobecarriedoutby2020,Wusaid.5．Whatisthedatacollectedfromtheseexperimentsusedtodo?A．Helpusbuildabaseontheearth. B．Helpusbuildabaseonthemoon.C．HelpusbuildabaseonMars. D．HelpusbuildabaseonVenus(金星).6．WhathasChang’e4donesofar?a.Ithaslandedonthefarsideofthemoon.b.Ithastakenphotosofthefarsideofthemoon.c.Ithascarriedoutexperimentsonthemoon.d.Ithasbuiltabaseonthemoon.A．abc B．bcd C．acd D．abd7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”refertoinParagraph4?A．Abaseonthemooninthefuture. B．TheChang’e4probe.C．ThesuccessoftheChang’e4mission. D．China’sspaceprogram.8．WhatisChang’e5expectedtodo?A．Circlearoundthemoon. B．Landonthesurfaceofthemoon.C．BringlunarmaterialsbacktoEarth. D．Sendpeopletothemoon.9．Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthepassage?A．Chang’e4hasdiscoveredthesecretsofthefarsideofthemoon.B．China’sspaceexplorationprogramstarted15yearsago.C．Chang’e5willbeChina’slastlunarexplorationprogram.D．ChinahasnotlaunchedanyspaceprobestoMarssofar.Passage3Forthousandsofyears,humanshaveexplored(探索)theEarth.Nowadays,weareexploringspace.Astronomers(天文学家)arethemodern-dayexplorers.Now,manyastronomersarelookingfornewplanetsandnewplacesforhumanstoliveinthefuture.Butwheredoastronomersstartexploring?Firstofall,astronomerslookforastar.That’sbecauseourownEarthmovesaroundastar—theSun.Moreimportantly,itisneithertoofarfromnortooneartotheSunforheatandlight.Sowhenastronomershavefoundthestar,theylookattheplanetsaroundit.Inrecentyears,astronomershavefoundnearly400newplanetswithstars.However,manyoftheseplanetsareeithertooneartothestarortoofaraway.However,iftheplanetisingoodplace,astronomerslookforthreekeythings:water,airandrock.Waterisimportantbecausealllifeneedswater.Humanscandrinkitandtheycanalsogrowplantswithwater.Andplantsproduceairforhumanstobreatheandfoodtoeat.Rockonaplanetisalsoimportant.That’sbecausethereisoftenwaterundertherock.Aftermanyyearsofexploring,astronomershavefoundaplanetliketheEarth.It’sGliese581gandit’snearastar.Theastronomersthinkithaswaterandrockandthetemperatureisbetween-31℃and-12℃.That’scold,butnotcolderthanAntarcticaortheArcticCircle,forexample,Gliese581gisbiggerthantheEarth.AyearonGliese581gisonly37Earthdays,not365Earthdays.ButastronomersdonotthinkthesearebigdifferencesandsomeofthemthinkGliese581gwillbeanewEarth.However,Gliese581gistwentylightyearsfromtheEarth.10．Howdoastronomersdiscoveranewplanetforhumanstoliveon?Choosetherightorder.a.Astronomerslookforthreekeythings.b.Astronomerslookforandfindarightstar.c.Astronomerslookattheplanetsaroundthestar.A．a-b-c. B．b-a-c. C．b-c-a. D．c-a-b.11．AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingthingsisthemostimportant?A．Water. B．Air. C．Rock. D．Plants.12．AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutGliese581g?A．Gliese581gisastar,andbiggerthantheEarth.B．AyearonGliese581gisshorterthanthatontheEarth.C．ItwilltakehumanstwentyyearstogettoGliese581g.D．ItiscolderonGliese581gthanAntarcticaortheArcticCircleontheearth.13．Whatdoesthewritermainlytalkaboutinthepassage?A．Water,airandrockareimportant. B．Gliese581gisalreadyanewEarth.C．TherearesomeplanetslikeourEarth. D．AstronomersarelookingforanewEarth.Passage4Mars(火星)isaplanet.Itisthefourthplanetfromthesunandismorethan200millionkilometersfromit.Thatisaverylongway.Marsisalsoaverylongwayawayfromtheearthbutsometimesyoucanseeitclearlyatnight.Moststarsarewhite.Marsisabitred.Itisnotaverybigplanet.Itisabouthalfthesizeoftheearth.Theearthhasonemoon.Marshastwomoons.TheyarecalledPhotosandDeimos.Longago,theonlywaytostudyMarswasjusttolookatit.Peoplewithgoodeyescouldseemethingsbutnoteverything.Lateron,itwaseasier,becausescientistshadtelescopes.TheycouldseeMarsmoreclearly.TheylearnedmuchmoreaboutMarsthisway.Inthe20thcenturythingsgotevenbetter.Firstofall,wehadspacecraft(宇宙飞船).TheyflewclosetoMarsandsentbackinformation.Then,theysentspacecrafttoflyinorbit(轨道)aroundMars.Finally,spacecraftlandedonMars.MaybeonedayamanwillwalkonMars.AmannamedJamieworksforNASAwiththeteamsendingaspacecrafttoMars."Welandedarover(探测车)onMars"hesays."ItiscalledCuriosity."Whatisarover?Itisamachinethatlookslikeacar.ItcanmoveaboutonMars.Ithascamerastotakephotosanditsendsthembacktotheearth.ItcanstudytherocksandairofMars.Itsendsallthisinformationbacktotheearth.14．WhichoneisTRUEaboutthefactsoftheMars?A．Itisover200millionkilometersfromthesun.B．WecanseetheMarsisalittlewhiteatnight.C．Itismuchlargerthantheearth.D．Marshasonlyonemoon.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtelescopesmeanaccordingtothepassage?A．放大镜 B．望远镜 C．摄像机 D．显微镜16．WhichtoolcancarrythemantowalkonMars?A．Goodeyes. B．Telescopes. C．Spacecraft D．Rover.17．Whatcan'ttheroverdofromthelastparagraph?A．MoveaboutonMarslikeacar.B．Takephotosbycamerasandsendthembacktotheearth.C．StudytherocksandwaterofMars.D．Sendalltheinformationbacktotheearth.18．Thepassageismainlydevelopedby________.A．askingsomequestions B．givingsomeadviceC．followingtheorderoftime D．followingtheorderofimportancePassage5Manyofusspentourchildhoodsdreamingofbecomingastronauts.However,thefactisthatonlyaselectfewwillmakeit.Butdoesthatmeanyou'llnevergetthechancetoworkinspace?Notnecessarily.Infactsomeofthespacejobsarenotonlyforastronautsandtheyallsoundjustascool.Oneofthemostinterestingspacejobsis“chiefsniffer(嗅探员)”.NASAhasalreadyhiredachiefsniffernamedGeorgeAldrich,whosejobistosmellmaterialsbeforetheyareusedinspacecrafts（宇宙飞船）.Usingyournoseatworkmightsoundalittlestrangebutthejobisveryimportant.Smellsinaspacecraftarestrongerinsideofit,andonceaspacecraftislaunched(发射),astronauts"havenowayofescapingunpleasantsmells”,Aldrichsaid.Moreimportantly,smellingobjectscanhelpidentifydangerouschemicals(化学物质)thatcouldbeharmfultoastronauts'health.Anotherjob,the“spacetourguide",mayseemalittleaheadofitstime.Butnow,manyprivatecompaniesarestartingtoprovidespacetrips,andrichspaceloverssuchasJustinBieberandSarahBrightmanhavealreadysignedupfortours.Itmaynotbelongbeforespacebecomesoneofthetoptraveldestinations.Beingaspacetourguideneedsrichknowledgeofastronomy(天文学),astrophysics（天体物理学）,geographyandhistorytohelppassengersgetthemostoutoftheirjourney.Tourguidesalsoneedtobeexcellentstorytellerssothatpassengerscanexperiencethetrueawe(惊叹)ofspacetravel.Astronautsoftenspendweeksorevenmonthsinspacewiththesamegroupofpeople,whichiswhya“spacepsychologist”isalsoneededtohelpastronautsovercome(克服)mentalchallenges,likefeelingboredandlonely."We'recrossingtheboundaries(界限)betweensciencefictionandreality(现实),"saidRobitTalwar,chiefexecutiveofUScompanyFastFutureResearch."It'samazingthatthingswe'veseeninthepastinmoviesarenowbecomingrealcareeropportunities.”19．Accordingtothearticle,GeorgeAldrich'sjobatNASAismainlyabout________.A．measuringthesizeandtemperatureofspacecraftsB．keepingastronautssafefromthingsthathaveunpleasantsmellsC．cheeringastronautsupwithexcellentstories20．Wecaninferfromthearticlethat________.A．aspacetourguideneedsstrongsocialskillsB．normalpeoplewillbeabletoaffordspacetravelssoonC．astronautshavetoovercomealotofchallengesinspace21．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“psychologist"mean?A．天文学家 B．物理学家 C．心理学家22．WhatisRohitTalwar'sattitudetowardjobopportunitiesinspace?A．pleased B．doubtful C．worried23．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Howtobeanastronaut.B．Cooljobsinspace.C．Howsciencefictionbecomesreality.Passage6Dec.27,2019wasanexcitingdayforChinesepeople.China'sbiggestandmostpowerfulcarrierrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunched(发射)inHainanthatday.The57-meter-tallrocketisthetallest,strongestandthemosttechnologicallydifficultrocketinChina.BecausetheLongMarch5ismuchbiggerthanotherrocketsintheLongMarchseries(系列),ithasbeengivenafunnyname"Chubby5".Therocketisabletocarryspacecraft(宇宙飞船)tolow-earthorbit(近地轨道).Thespacecraftweighsupto25tons-nearlytheweightof16midsizecars.Thepayloadcapacity(有效负载能力)oftheLongMarch5isabout1.5greaterthananyotherChineserocket.TheLongMarch5isthethirdmostpowerfulrocketintheworld,followingtheUnitedStates'FalconHeavyandDeltaⅣHeavy.DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20experimentalsatellite(卫星),China'slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intoorbit.Besidessendingthesatelliteintospace,thelaunchalsotestedseveralengineeringtechnologiesthatwereusedtoimprovetherocket'sdesign.ItalsotestedkeytechnologiesthatwillbeusedtotaketheChang'e5probe(探测器)tothemoon.Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina'sfifthlunarexpedition(探月),aswellastoplacepartsofChina'smanned(载人的)spacestationintoorbit."In2020,wewillusetheLongMarch5tolaunchtheChang'e5probetothemoonandalsosendaprobetoMars,"saidWangXiaojun,aprojectmanageroftheLongMarch5.24．WhatdoweknowabouttheLongMarch5?A．Itwaslaunchedatthestartof2019. B．ItwaslaunchedinXichang.C．Itisthetallestrocketintheworld. D．ItisthebiggestLongMarchrocket.25．WhatisthepayloadcapacityofotherChineserockets?A．About2.5tons. B．About16tons. C．About25tons. D．About63tons.26．ScientistsusedtheLongMarch5to________.A．improvesatelliteengineeringtechnologies B．sendChina'sheaviesthomemadesatelliteintoorbitC．taketheChang'e5probetothemoon D．sendamannedspacestationintoorbit27．Whatisthelastparagraphabout?A．WhattheLongMarch5willbeusedforinthefuture. B．IfChinawilllaunchtheLongMarch6.C．WhentheLongMarch5willstopworking. D．HowChina'sspacestationwillbebuilt.28．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Aposter. B．Anadvertisement. C．Anewspaper. D．Afashionmagazine.Passage7SuSuisa16-year-oldBeijinger.ShestudiesattheHighSchoolAffiliatedtoRenminUniversity.Shehasjustpublished(发表)herfirstbook,

TheEnigmaoftheUniverse.TheEnigmaoftheUniversetellsastoryofagirlcalledApril.Onedayshemeetsanalien(外星人)boynamedKaka.KakatakesAprilonajourneyintotheuniverse(宇宙).LaterAprilfindsoutabigsecretaboutKaka...What’sspecialaboutthisbook?It’sabookwritteninbothChineseandEnglish.Suwrotethebookwhenshewas14yearsold.Shewasinfluenced(影响)bythebook

Sophie’sWorldandthemovie

TheTrumanShow.Sophieisagirlwhoisinterestedinphilosophy(哲学).Truman’slifeisrunbytelevision.ThesestoriesgaveSuanideaforherownbook.ShedecidedtowriteitinEnglish.“MyEnglishteacheraskedustowritesomething,”saysSu,“IthoughtI’dwriteaboutmyidea.”Suspentawholesummervacationwritingthestory.“SometimesIhadtostopbecauseIcouldn’tfindtherightwords,”saysSu.“Iusedthedictionaryallthetime.”AfterfinishingtheEnglishnovel,Suhadanotheridea.ShedecidedtoturnitintoChinese.Thejobtookherjustafewdays.“ItwaseasybecauseChineseismy

motherlanguage,”shesays.Susaysherstoryis“amixtureof

philosophyand

detective

(侦探)storyandsciencefiction”.“MyclassmatesandIhaveturneditintoaDVplay,”saysSu.“IwrotetheplayandIplayedApril.Wewillshowitinourschoolsoon!”29．WhatdidSuSuwrite？A．HarryPotter. B．Sophie’sWorld.C．TheTrumanShow. D．TheEnigmaoftheUniverse.30．InWhichlanguagedidSuSuwritethisbook?A．Chinese. B．English.C．French. D．BothChineseandEnglish.31．HowdidSuSuwritethebook?A．ShewroteitinChinesefirstandthenturneditintoEnglish.B．ShewroteitinEnglishfirstandthenturneditintoChinese.C．ShewroteithalfinChinesefirstandthenwroteithalfinEnglish.D．ShewroteithalfinEnglishfirstandthenwroteithalfinChinese.32．Whatdoesherbooktalkabout?A．IttalksabouthowtolearnEnglishwell.B．Itisamixtureof

philosophy

and

detective

storyandsciencefiction.C．IttalksabouthowtolearnEnglishgrammarwell.D．Itisamixtureof

love.33．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．Aclevergirl. B．Aninterestingbook.C．SuSuandherfirstbook. D．Ayoungwriter.Passage8Scientistshavealwayswantedtoknowmoreabouttheuniverse(宇宙).Yearsago,theyknewmanythingsaboutthemoon.Theyknewhowbigitwasandhowfaritwasfromtheearth.Buttheywantedtoknowmoreaboutit.Theythoughtthebestwaywastosendmentothemoon.Themoonisabout384,000kilometersawayfromtheearth.Aplanecan’tflytothemoonbecausetheairreachesonly240kilometersawayfromtheearth.Butsomethingcanflyevenwhenthereisnoair.Thatisarocket.Howdoesarocketfly?Thereisgas(气体)intherocket.Whenthegasismadeveryhotinsidetherocket,itwillrushoutoftheendoftherocket,soitcanmaketherocketflyintothesky.Rocketcanflyfaroutintospace.Rocketswithmeninthemhavebeentothemoon.Severalrocketswithoutmeninthemhaveflowntoanotherplanet(行星)muchfartherawaythanthemoon.Onedayrocketsmaybeabletogotoanyplaceinspace.34．Scientistshaveknow________themoonis.A．howlong B．howbig C．howold D．howmany35．Theearthisabout384,000kilometersawayfromthe________.A．space B．universe C．moon D．place36．Aplanecannotflytothemoonbecause________.A．thereisnoairabove240kilometersawayfromtheearthB．thereisnogasintheplaceC．theplaneisnotstrongenoughD．theplaneisterrible37．Thehotgasintherocketisusedfor________.A．keepingtheairintherocketfreshB．keepingthemenintherocketwarmC．makingtherocketflyD．makingfreshair38．Severalrocketswithoutmeninthemhaveflownto________.A．thestars B．anotherplanetofthesunC．thesun D．themoon【答案】1．C2．D3．D4．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了金星为何特别亮的原因以及金星为人们提供的行星探索的有利条件和不利条件。1．细节理解题。A选项：它是唯一能在白天看到的星星。根据“Venus(金星)istheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaytime”可知，选项正确；B选项：它是太阳第二颗行星。根据“Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesun”可知，选项正确；C选项：它是夜空中最明亮的自然物体。根据“Itisthesecondbrightestnaturalobject,behindtheearth’smoon,inthenightsky”可知，选项错误；D选项：它是距地球最近的行星。根据“Venusistheclosestplanettotheearth”可知，选项正确。故选C。2．词句猜测题。heat把……加热；produce生产；spread传播；form形成，产生。根据“Thecloserdistancetothesunmeanssolarpowerwouldbeeasiertogenerateaswell”可知，此处意为“离太阳越近，太阳能就越容易产生”，故此处的generate意为“产生，形成”与D选项“form”同义。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据第五段“However,withatemperatureofabout465℃onthesurface,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem!”可知，导致人们不能探索金星的原因是金星有着极高的温度。故选D。4．细节理解题。根据“Recently,ateamofNASAandRussianscientistscreatednewcomputerequipmentthatcanstandtemperaturesof480℃.ItcanworkunderVenus-likeconditionsforalmost22days.”可知，这台新型计算机设备是美国航天局以及俄罗斯科学家联合发明的，它可以承受480℃的高温，并能在类似于金星的条件下工作近22天，因此a错误，b、c正确；根据“istosendaprobe(探测器)toVenusby2025”可知，2025年被发送到金星的是探测器，并不是这台新型计算机设备，故d错误。故选B。5．B6．A7．C8．C9．D【解析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述嫦娥四号首次登陆月球并进行科学实验的重要事件，标志着我国深孔探索进入了新的阶段，随着嫦娥任务的成功，科学家正在进一步探索我们的太阳系，中国第一个火星任务将在2020年完成。5．细节理解题。根据Thedata(数据)collectedfromtheseexperimentscouldbeusedtohelpusbuildabaseonthemooninthefuture可知，从这些实验中得到的数据可以帮助在月球上建立基地，故选B。6．细节理解题。根据OnJan3,Chang’e4becamethefirstspaceprobe(探测器)inhistorytolandonthefarsideofthemoon,People’sDailyreported可知，嫦娥4已经登录到月球的远端，a正确；根据Chang’e4hassentbackphotosofthefarsideofthemoon可知，它已经在月球的远端拍了一些照片，b正确；根据Itisalsousedtocarryoutexperiments,suchasgrowingseedsinalow-gravity(低重力)environment可知，它已经在月球实施实验，c正确；根据Thedata(数据)collectedfromtheseexperimentscouldbeusedtohelpusbuildabaseonthemooninthefuture可知，这些实验在未来可以帮助建立基地，而不是已经建立了基地，d错误。故选A。7．代词指代题。代词指代上文中出现的内容。根据ThesuccessoftheChang’e4mission(任务)isamainachievementforChina’sspaceprogram可知，指的是嫦娥四号任务的成功，故选C。8．细节理解题。根据Chinesescientistssetthreegoals—“orbiting(环绕运行),landingandsample(样本)returning”，referringtolaunchingprobesthatcouldcirclearoundthemoon,touchdownonitssurfaceandbringlunarmaterialsbacktoEarth可知，中国科学家制定了三个目标：中国科学家设定了绕月着陆和返回样本的三个目标，即发射能够绕月飞行、着陆月球表面并将月球物质带回地球的探测器。再根据ThethirdwillbeachievedduringtheChang’e5mission可知，嫦娥5号完成第三个任务，即将月球表面的物质带回地球，故选C。9．推理判断题。根据OnJan3,Chang’e4becamethefirstspaceprobe(探测器)inhistorytolandonthefarsideofthemoon以及Chang’e4hassentbackphotosofthefarsideofthemoon可知，嫦娥4号仅仅是登陆月球远端并且拍了照片，而不是发现了秘密；排除A；根据Chinalaunched(启动)itslunar(月球的)explorationprogramin2004,namingitChang’e可知，表示月球探险项目开始于15年前，而不是太空探索，排除B；根据Chang’e4hasrealizedthegoaloflanding.ThethirdwillbeachievedduringtheChang’e5mission,whichissettotakeplacebeforetheendofthisyear,ChinaDailyreported可知，只是说明嫦娥五号要去完成第三个任务，并没有表示它是最后一个探月项目，排除C；根据China’sfirstMars(火星)missionisexpectedtobecarriedoutby2020,Wusaid.可知，中国将在2020年实施第一个火星任务，可以推断出中国现在还没有发射任何探测器到火星，故选D。10．C11．A12．B13．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现在许多天文学家正在寻找新的行星和人类未来生活的地方，经过多年的仔细观察，天文学家发现了一颗与地球相似的行星——Gliese581g，并对其具体情况进行了介绍。10．排序题。根据“Firstofall,astronomerslookforastar....Sowhenastronomershavefoundthestar,theylookattheplanetsaroundit....However,iftheplanetisingoodplace,astronomerslookforthreekeythings:water,airandrock.”可知，首先，天文学家寻找恒星；找到后看它周围的其他行星；如果行星处于一个好位置，天文学家会寻找三样关键的东西。正确的排序是b-c-a。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据“Waterisimportantbecausealllifeneedswater.Humanscandrinkitandtheycanalsogrowplantswithwater.”可知水是最重要的。故选A。12．细节理解题。根据“AyearonGliese581gisonly37Earthdays,not365Earthdays.”可知在Gliese581g上一年只有地球上的37填，比地球上时间短，B项正确。故选B。13．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段最后两句“Now,manyastronomersarelookingfornewplanetsandnewplacesforhumanstoliveinthefuture.Butwheredoastronomersstartexploring?”可知本文主要介绍了天文学家一直在寻找适合人类生活的星球。故选D。14．A15．B16．C17．C18．C【分析】本文主要叙述了人类探索火星的相关情况。14．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mars（火星）isaplanet．Itisthefourthplanetfromthesunandismorethan200millionkilometersfromit．”可知火星（Mars）是一颗行星，它是太阳第四颗行星，距离太阳2亿多公里。故选A。15．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Lateron，itwaseasier，becausescientistshadtelescopes．TheycouldseeMarsmoreclearly．”可知后来，因为科学家们有_____，他们可以更清楚地看到火星，这样他们对火星了解得更多；根据前后文含义分析以及结合选项可知，此处telescopes的意思为望远镜。故选B。16．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Finally，spacecraftlandedonMars．MaybeonedayamanwillwalkonMars．”可知最后，宇宙飞船降落在火星上。也许有一天一个人会在火星上行走。故选C。17．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Itisamachinethatlookslikeacar．ItcanmoveaboutonMars．Ithascamerastotakephotosanditsendsthembacktotheearth．ItcanstudytherocksandairofMars．Itsendsallthisinformationbacktotheearth．”可知它是一台看起来像汽车的机器，它可以在火星上移动。它有照相机拍照，然后把它们送回地球，它可以研究火星的岩石和空气。它把所有这些信息送回地球，因此可知它可以研究火星上的岩石和空气，而不是岩石和水。故选C。18．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Longago很久以前”，第四段中“Lateron后来”，第五段中“Inthe20thcentury在20世纪”可知，本文是按照时间顺序来写的。故选C。19．B20．C21．C22．A23．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了很多人的梦想是成为宇航员，但是很少能实现。除了成为宇航员以外，人们还有其他的机会可以在太空工作，比如嗅探员、太空导游和太空心理学家。19．细节理解题。根据“Oneofthemostinterestingspacejobsis“chiefsniffer”.NASAhasalreadyhiredachiefsniffernamedGeorgeAldrich,whosejobistosmellmaterialsbeforetheyareusedinspacecrafts…andonceaspacecraftislaunched,astronauts‘havenowayofescapingunpleasantsmells’…”可知，GeorgeAldrich是一名嗅探员，职责是在材料被用于太空飞行器之前闻到它们的气味，由此推断他“可以让宇航员远离有难闻气味的东西”。故选B。20．推理判断题。根据“Moreimportantly,smellingobjectscanhelpidentifydangerouschemicalsthatcouldbeharmfultoastronauts'health…Astronautsoftenspendweeksorevenmonthsinspacewiththesamegroupofpeople,whichiswhya“spacepsychologist”isalsoneededtohelpastronau